Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
SAN FRANCISCO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
San Francisco, Bulan, Sorsogon

ENGLISH 8
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1
SIGNALS THAT INDICATE COHERENCE
Name of the Student: ____________________________________ Score:________________________
Date:____________________ Grade & Section:________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Well done, learner! You are now a step closer to the end of your first journey. Welcome to
the final activity sheet of the first quarter.
In this module you will focus on noting implicit signals used by the writer to indicate
coherence. Happy Learning!

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM MELCs

Identify and use signals that indicate coherence. (EN8RC IVc-13.1)

III.ACTIVITIES
A. Let Us Study

• Transitions or signals are words and phrases that show the connection between ideas and help
the reader follow the direction of a writer’s thought.
• The use of transition signals, along with repeated words and reference words, is one of the many
ways to achieve good cohesion and coherence in writing.
• Transitions clarify and convey sequence and signal shifts.
• Transitions help students understand the relationship between sentence parts, sentences and
paragraphs
• This lesson is designed to teach students what transitions are, what their purpose is, and how to
use them, more importantly.

Examples:
1. Repatriated Filipino workers undergo quarantine; consequently, they are confined in government
designated facilities.
2. DepEd conducts remote enrolment nationwide. In fact, teachers facilitate enrolment by contacting the
parents and the learners through digital platforms.
3. General Community Quarantine was declared in most parts of the country; however, local
government units are still empowered to impose restrictions.
TRANSITION WORDS

CAUSE
COMPARISO
ADDITION CONTRAST EMPHASIS ILLUSTRATION AND
N
EFFECT
and but likewise first example so
not only. . . however in the same way summary specifically as a result
but also on the other similarly most importantly For instance therefore
moreover hand
furthermore

B. Let Us Practice
Practice Task 1: Read the biography of Benjamin Pogrund. As you read, look for cohesive devices used
and write them on your notebook.

Benjamin Pogrund was brought up in Cape Town. In particular, he began his career as a
journalist in 1958, writing for The Rand Daily Mail in Johannesburg. Eventually, he became
deputy-editor of the The Rand Daily Mail which was the only newspaper in South Africa at that
time to report on events in black South African townships. In the course of his work, he came to
know the major players in the apartheid struggle and gained the respect and confidence of leaders
such as Nelson Mandela.

Soon, Pogrund was a reporter at the Sharpeville massacre on 21 March 1960. Then, he
wrote about the1965 series on beating and torture of black inmates and maltreatment of white
political prisoners. During his career reporting on apartheid in South Africa, he was put on trial
several times, put in prison once, had his passport revoked and was investigated as a threat to the
state by security police.
Source: Wikipedia

List of cohesive devices:

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Practice Task 2
Directions: Find the transitional expressions in the selections that follow. The number in parentheses
tells you how many signal words to look for in each case. Also, write in the space provided the signals
and whether it shows emphasis, addition, comparison, contrast, illustration, or cause-and-effect.

1. Many of the restless and dissatisfied sons and daughters of these middle, upper-middle, and
upper-class homes had never known poverty. Consequently, they could not understand their
parents’ emphasis upon money, status, and work. Parents, on the other hand, could not
understand how some of their children could be indifferent, even hostile, to such practical things
as formal education and preparation for work. (2 signal words)
__________________________________ ______________________________
 2. The greatest value of play technique is in the study of personality. Children often cannot or will
not explain themselves in the first person. However, they may reveal much of their inner lives in
play. The child who will not tell about his or her own fears and conflicts may readily project
these feelings into dolls. Feelings of rejection, insecurity, ambivalent attitudes toward parent,
repressed hatred, fears, and aggressions may all be freely revealed in play. As a result, the play
technique, when properly handled, offers opportunities for understanding the child that are
otherwise difficult to create. (3 signal words)
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________
3. Energy is used to cause chemical changes. For example, a chemical change occurs in the
electroplating of metals when electrical energy is passed through a salt solution in which the
metal is submerged. A chemical change also occurs when radiant energy from the sun is utilized
by plants in the process of photosynthesis. Moreover, as we say, a chemical change occurs when
heat causes mercuric oxide to decompose. Chemical changes are often used to produce energy
rather than new substances. The heat or thrust generated during the combustion of fuels is more
important than the products formed. (5 signal words)
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________
4. Along with food production, human beings found time to develop the arts and sciences. Some
hunter-gatherers, as was already pointed out, must have had considerable leisure without making
any notable movement toward civilization. A difference between the hunter-gatherers and
farmers that is important to note is that the former are usually nomadic; whereas, the latter are
sedentary. But even those pre-agricultural people who had fairly stationary living sites did not
develop in civilized ways comparable to the farmers. Agriculture probably required a far greater
discipline than did any form of food collecting. Seeds had to be planted at certain seasons, some
protection had to be given to the growing plants and animals, harvests had to be reaped, stored,
and divided. Thus, we might argue that it was neither leisure time nor a sedentary existence that
produced great changes in human culture. The cause was rather the more rigorous demands
associated with an agricultural way of life. Humanity was changing plants and animals to suit its
needs, and living in close relation with plants and animals was changing humans’ way of life. (8
signal words)
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________

C. Let Us Practice More

Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Then, choose from the parentheses the
appropriate transitional device that completes each idea. Underline the correct word of your
choice.

African religion is closely intertwined with African life. (1. In like manner, Hence), African art is a
vital part of the celebration of African life. (2.Furthermore, And), it is knit tightly into the whole fabric
of African tradition and culture. (3. Hence, Besides), art is (4. indeed, in order to) an imitation of life ;
(5. thus, hen), a representation of it. Life flows. Man is born. He grows to sexual maturity, reproduces
and dies. (6. Moreover, Hence), he depends on the land, on vegetation, and on the animal world for food
and shelter. The farmer plants, cultivates, and harvests his crops in seasonal rotation. (7. On the other
hand, Similarly), the animal world has the same cycle of birth, reproduction, and death. (8. And, So) the
hunter counts on its continuity.

D. Evaluation
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Choose and use the appropriate WORD BANK
transitions at the right. Capitalize when necessary.
for example
1. I would like to see you tomorrow, _____________ let’s have lunch finally
together. but
2. My sister loves to eat, ______________ I don’t care much about food. so
3.When you begin an exercise program, you must be careful not to overdo it. to the left
My father, _____________, hurt his back by exercising too hard without beyond
warming up first. still
4.She had looked everywhere for a job; ___________, she was called for an
interview.

WORD BANK 5. She had been studying for hours, _______________, she hoped to do well
on the test.
third
6. First, Mary went to the store. _____________, she went to visit her
similarly
mother.
nevertheless
7. I would like to read many books; _______________,I don’t seem to have
however
enough time to read.
as a result
8. John ate and ate; ________________, he never gained weight.
then
9. Joe ate too fast,____________, he had indigestion.
therefore
for instance

10. He stayed up too late night; ______________, he slept until noon. WORD BANK
11. I want you to buy milk, eggs and fruit juice; ____________
I want you to be sure to get cereal and ice cream. in contrast
12. I was concentrating on my homework. _____________the soup boiled consequently
over. until then
13. ________________, I will boil the water. Second, I will brew the tea, and in fact
____________, I will serve it. third
14. Joe, _______________, happens to be my best friend. meanwhile
15. Jane studies all the time; ______________, Billy never studies. furthermore
first

E. Let Us Reflect
Complete the statements:

I enjoyed __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

I found helpful the ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
 I would like to work further on ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

IV. ANSWER KEY

Let Us Practice Let Us Practice More
Practice Task 1 Practice Task 2
In particular 1. consequently - cause and 1. hence
Eventually effect 2. and
In the course of on the other hand- 3. hence
Soon comparison 4. indeed
And 2. however – contrast 5. thus
moreover
or – choice 6. moreover
as a result- conclusion 7. similarly
Such as
3. for example –illustration 8. so
moreover – addition
or – choice
than - comparison
rather than - comparison
more important than -
comparison
4. whereas- comparison
and- addition
but- contrast
thus - conclusion
the cause- cause and effect
along with- addition
rather than- comparison
that is important to note-
emphasis

Evaluation 9. as a result
1. so 10. consequently
2. but 11. meanwhile
3. for example 12. until then
4. finally 13. first, third
5. similarly 14. in fact
6. then 15. in contrast
7. however
8.nevertheless
V. REFERENCE
Bloor, T., & Bloor, M. (2013). The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach (3rd
ed.). London: Routledge. pp.70-74
Gonzales, Carolina et.al., English for 21st Century Learning ( Afro – Asian ) Teacher’s Manual
pp. 86-89
Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R.(1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman. pp.52-55
Hasan, R. (1968). Grammatical Cohesion in Spoken and Written English: Part one. University
College pp.64-66
Ladera, Helen & Guevara, Eufrocina (2003). The New Dimensions in Learning English II ( For
the Secondary Schools)pp.402-407
Tanskanen, s.-k. (2006): Collaborating Towards Coherence. Lexical Cohesion in English
Discourse. Amsterdam: Benjamins. pp.54-57
Wikepedia the free encyclopedia.
https://www.theschoolrun.com/what-are-cohesion-and-cohesive-devices-in-writing
https://www.cpp.edu/ramp/program-materials/recognizing-transitions.shtml
www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/transitions.html

JANINE AIMEE G. MOROÑA

Subject Teacher