GENERAL PHYSICS LAB#1

Activity no 3

Instructor Name: Abdul Rauf

Name: Muhammad Asim

Roll No: 3120 BM

Class: BS-2

Department: (CHEP)

Activity title
 Newton’s second Law of Motion
Hypothesis
In Newton's second law the unbalanced force applied to the object accelerates
the object which is directly proportional to the force and inversely to the mass. If
we apply force to cart then It will accelerate.

Tools
Following these tools are used in this experiment
1. Weights
2. Pulley
3. Uniform rod
4. Computer
5. Motion sensor
6. USB cable
7. Water balance
8. Weigh machine
9. Cart
10. Inextensible string
11. Data studio software

Theoretical Background
Newton's second law of motion stated that the acceleration of an object as
produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force
and inversely proportional to the mass of the object as,
a=F/m

Graphs:
Graph between acceleration and mass:
Graph between acceleration and force:

Physical significance:
● 1st graph is between acceleration and mass which give information that mass is
inversely prorportional to the acceleration in newton 2nd law.

● 2nd graph is between acceleration and force and give us information that with the
increase of force effect on acceleration and acceleration of the cart increase

when no bar weight on cart and no weight on hanger

Theoretical calculation

Data:
Mass of cart = 0.256 kg
Mass of Hanger = 0.005 kg
Applied force F=mg
F= (0.005) (9.8)
F= 0.049
 ❖a=F/M
a=0.049/0.256
a=0.19m/sec^2

Experimental calculation
Graph:

From Graph:
Slope of velocity-time graph= a=0.161m/s^2

Comparison:
atheo - aexp
(0.19-0.16)ms^-2
0.03ms/2

Conclusion
When we increase net force acceleration is also increase.
 when force is increasing but cart mass is constant
Data:
Mass of hanger= m1= 0.005 kg
Additional weight = m2= 20g = 0.02 kg
Total mass = m1+m2 = 0.025 kg
Mass of cart = M =0.256 kg
Theoretical calculation
F= mg
F= (0.025) (9.8)
F= 0.245 N
❖ a=F/M
a=0.245/0.256
a=0.95 ms^-2
Experimental calculation

Graph:
Slope of vt graph= a =0.823 ms^-2
Experimental acceleration = a = 0.823ms^-2
Comparison:
The acceleration is 0.823ms-2
Conclusion:
When We increased force the acceleration increased.

when mass of cart is increasing but force is constant

Data
Mass of cart= m = 0.256 kg
Total mass = M= 0.410 kg
Theoretical calculation
F = 0.049N
❖ a = F/m
a = 0.049/0.410
a = 0.120 m/sec^-2
Experimental calculation
Graph

Slope of vt graph = a =0.233 m/s-2

Experimental acceleration = a = 0.233 m/s-2

Comparison:
Experimental a – Theoretical
a = 0.233 – 0.296
difference= 0.004

conculsion
Acceleration is decreased when we increase mass.

So by newton 2nd law of motion

mass is inversely proportional as increase mass acceleration is decrease .