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Angeles City
COLLEGE OF ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
Department of Medical Technology
MTCHEM1 LABORATORY: INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

MODULE 3: TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

INTRODUCTION:
A chemical change or reaction results in the formation of new substances when bonds are formed or broken.
These reactions are often accompanied by observable changes as they occur. The four common types of chemical
reactions are illustrated in this experiment (e.g. combination decomposition, single displacement, double
replacement).

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
● At the end of this activity, the students shall be able to observe the results of chemical reactions, and become
familiar with the observable signs of chemical reactions

I. Evidences of Reactions. Attach 2 to 3 photos of each 4 different set-ups done. Include all materials (with label)
used and the reactions seen during the experiment.

A: Vinegar and baking soda B: Sugar water and yeast

C: Yeast and Hydrogen peroxide D: Heating spoon

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II. Data and Results. Fill out all necessary data from the experiment done. Chemical evidences can be answered in
bullet form. Write the correct chemical equation per set-up.

Physical changes/ Chemical evidences Chemical equation (Reactants +

SET-UP
observed Products)

- Since baking soda is an acid and

vinegar is a base, when the two
are combined, they will react
chemically. When sodium
bicarbonate and vinegar are
combined, two reactions occur.
- The first reaction occurs when
hydrogen ions in the vinegar NaHCO₃(s) + CH₃COOH(l) →
combine with sodium CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) + NaCH₃COO-
bicarbonate ions in the baking (aq)
A: Vinegar and Baking Soda
soda.
- The second reaction is
decomposition. Carbonic acid is
produced and quickly
decomposes into liquid and
carbon dioxide gas.
- To summarize the vinegar and
baking soda mixture, when the
two are combined, bubbles and
froth form.
- The physical change that can be
observed in the experiment is
the sugar dissolving in warm
water.
- As the dissolved sugar is slowly
poured into the bottle containing
the dry yeast, it can be observed C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ (aq) + H₂O (aq) →
B: Sugar water and Yeast that the color changed and the 4C₂H₅OH (aq) + 4CO₂ (g)
particles of the yeast reacted
immediately.
- The bubbles formed as time
passed by, the mixture of sugar
and yeast produces ethanol and
carbon dioxide.

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 - When hydrogen peroxide was
added to the yeast, bubbles
began to form, gradually taking a
foam-like consistency. As yeast is
a catalyst, it increases the rate of
chemical reaction. Thus, it broke
down hydrogen peroxide at a
C: Yeast and Hydrogen faster rate into hydrogen and
2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂
Peroxide oxygen.
- The reaction also resulted in an
increase of temperature as
energy was released in the
process of decomposition. This
was observed when the bottom
of the plate felt warm after the
experiment.
- The first physical change
happens when you light the
candle's wick. The temperature
will rise and cause the candle's
wax to melt. The wax will
continuously melt as it's the fuel
to the flame.
- We can also see a black
residue/soot forming and
covering the convex side of the
spoon. The spoon also increases
in temperature over time.
- The wax that started as a solid
melted into a liquid form due to
the heat and eventually became
a gas that will have a chance to
hang out with oxygen in the air.
- All waxes are composed of long C25H52 + 38O2 → 25CO2 + 26H2O
D: Heating spoon
chains of hydrogen (H) and
carbon (C) which means that
they're essentially hydrocarbons.
- The candle wax, which is
primarily composed of
hydrocarbons, was split into
hydrogen and carbon that will
later create a product of Carbon
dioxide (CO2) and Water vapor
(H2O) due to the interaction
with oxygen.
- There is also a trace of black
residue/soot under the spoon.
This happens when there’s an
incomplete combustion. Soot is
basically an unburned carbon
that forms when there’s not
enough oxygen to interact with.

III. Questions for Research (QFRs). Answer the following questions. Add references in APA citation.

1. What was the type of chemical reaction that took place between vinegar and baking soda? Explain briefly.
- Decomposition is the type of reaction that occurs when vinegar and baking soda are mixed. It is classified
as decomposition because it has two types of reactions: first, when hydrogen ions combine with sodium
bicarbonate ions, two new chemicals are formed which are carbonic acid and sodium acetate as a result. The final
method is the breakdown of carbonic acid into liquid and carbon dioxide gas which is the reason why baking soda
and vinegar creates bubbles and foams when properly mixed (Wonderpolis, 2019).

2. What was the function of yeast in set-up B?

- The function of the yeast in set-up B is to convert sugar into carbon dioxide gas. Within the cells, the
action begins when yeast enzymes convert complex sugar to invert sugar. The inverted sugar is absorbed into the
yeast cell and converted to carbon dioxide gas and alcohol. Additional enzymes in the yeast and flour convert
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soluble starch to malt sugar, which is subsequently converted back into fermentable sugar by other enzymes,
resulting in continuous carbon dioxide production and aeration (Velasquez, 2021).

3. What do you call the black precipitate formed after heating the spoon over the candle?
- It is soot, specifically candle soot. Soot is a common type of residue commonly obtained from burning
carbon sources, primarily when incomplete combustion occurs. Meaning, soot are unburned carbons that form
when there’s not enough oxygen for the carbons to get (Liang et al., 2014).

References (APA Citation):

Liang, C. J., Liao, J. D., Li, A. J., Chen, C., Lin, H. Y., Wang, X. J., & Xu, Y. H. (2014). Relationship between wettabilities
and chemical compositions of candle soots. Fuel, 128, 422–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.03.039

Velasquez, S. (2021). The Functions of Yeast. Retrieved from

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Chemistry_of_Cooking_(Rodriguez-Velazquez)/05
%3A_Leavening_Agents/5.03%3A_The_Functions_of_Yeast

Wonderopolis (2019, November 7). What Happens When You Mix Vinegar and Baking Soda?. Retrieved from
https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-happens-when-you-mix-vinegar-and-baking-soda

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