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answer : true .
a- C4 to T1
b- C5 to T1
c- C6 to T1
d- C3 to T1
answer : 2 lobes . right and left lobes connected by a narrow, median isthmus .
9. a woman came to the doctor with complaints of increase in the size of thyroid
during menstruation . if u were the doctor there, what would u do ?
answer : I would tell her that it is perfectly normal for the size of a woman's
thyroid to increase during menstruation .
answer : I would tell her that there is nothing to worry , because it is absolutely
normal for a woman's thyroid to enlarge during pregnancy and menstruation .
11. how will you normally estimate the size of the thyroid gland ?
12. As I already told u women have heavier thyroids than men, hence the volume
of thyroid in women is slightly more than in men. But there is a phase of life in
both males and females where no significant difference between the volumes of
the male and female thyroid was observed. When is that phase ?
answer : from 8 months to 15 years . between these ages the volumes of both
male and female thyroid show no significant difference .
14. the bases of the thyroid lobes are level with which tracheal cartilage ?
16. the posteromedial aspects of the thyroid lobes are attached to which
structure ?
18. what is the part of the thyroid that connects the lower parts of the two lobes
called ?
answer : isthmus .
19. what would you suggest to a healthy patient who has no isthmus ?
answer : it usually lies anterior to second and third tracheal cartilages. ( it can lie
slightly higher or slightly lower sometimes because of the variations in size and
site of the thyroid gland )
22. what is the tumor marker of the medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?
answer : calcitonin .
24. what is the name of the surgery done to treat the thyroglossal cyst/fistula ?
25. what is the hormone secreted by the thyroid that controls the calcium
metabolism ?
answer : calcitonin .
27. which is the only medial branch of the external carotid artery ?
a- ectoderm
b- mesoderm
c- dorsal pharyngeal gut endoderm
d- ventral pharyngeal gut endoderm
29. the development of thyroid occurs in which week of the intrauterine life ?
30. what are the cells in the thyroid which produce the calcitonin ?
answer : lowers blood calcium by inhibiting the bone resorption and inhibiting the
calcium recovery from renal tubule ultrafiltrate .
32. the embryonic thyroid descends from a foramen located in the posterior part
of the tongue . what is it ?
33. the thyroid usually reaches the front of the trachea by the end of how many
months of the intrauterine life ?
35. thyroglossal duct tissue normally becomes solid and remains uncanalised after
transit of the thyroid . TRUE OR FALSE ?
36. the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid represents part of the thyroglossal duct .
TRUE OR FALSE?
a- serum calcitonin
b- serum calcium
c- serum ALP
d- serum acid phosphatase
a- parafollicular cells
b- cells lining the acini
c- capsule of thyroid
d- stroma of the gland
43. which of the following is/are used in the management of thyroid malignancy?
a- Iodine 131
b- Iodine 125
c- Technitium 99
d- Phosphorus 32
e- strontium
a- Iodine 131
b- Iodine 125
c- Technitium 99
d- Phosphorus 32
a- exopthalmos
b- ptosis
c- optic neuropathy
d- myopathy
answer : a . exopthalmos .
a- hashimoto's thyroiditis
b- follicular cell carcinoma
c- hurthle cell thyroid adenoma
d- all the above
46. the C cells of the thyroid parenchyma belongs to the APUD system of
dispersed neuron-endocrine cells . what is APUD system ?
answer : C stands for Clear cells , because they have pale staining cytoplasm and
hence appear clear .
answer : an artery supplying thyroid which is seen occasionally and arises from
the brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch .
49. what are the two main arteries that supply the thyroid ?
answer : superior and inferior thyroid arteries . superior thyroid artery is a branch
of the external carotid artery and the inferior thyroid artery is branch of the
thyrocervical trunk .
50. C cells populate which part of the lateral lobe of the thyroid ?
answer : b . C cells populate the middle one-third of the lateral lobe of the
thyroid .
( typically found scattered within thyroid follicles , inside the basal lamina but
not reaching the follicle lumen .)
a- the external laryngeal nerve runs close to the superior thyroid artery .
b- the recurrent laryngeal nerve runs close to the inferior thyroid artery .
c- the external laryngeal nerve runs close to the inferior thyroid artery .
d- the recurrent laryngeal nerve runs close to the superior thyroid artery .
answer : both a and b are correct . ( so the surgeon has to be very careful while
ligating those arteries, while performing thyroidectomy ).
54. what are the active thyroid hormones secreted by the follicular epithelial
cells of the thyroid ?
answer : d .
a- papillary
b- anaplastic
c- medullary
d- follicular
a- 24 hours
b- 2-5 days
c- 7-14 days
d- 2-3 weeks
a- vitamin D orally
b- oral calcium and vitamin D
c- intravenous calcium gluconate and serial monitoring
d- wait for calcium to decrease to less than 7 meq/l before taking further action
65. a patient after undergoing thyroid surgery presents with perioral paraesthesia
. serum calcium level is 7 mg/dl . what will be the best management ?
a- oral vitamin D3
b- oral vitamin D3 and calcium
c- I.V calcium gluconate
d- Oral calcium
a- bleeding
b- airway obstruction
c- hoarseness
d- hypercalcemia
answer : d . hypercalcemia .
67. in post operative room after thyroid surgery , patient developed sudden
respiratory distress , dressing was removed and it was found to be slightly blood
stained and wound was bulging . what will be the first thing to be done ?
a- tracheostomy
b- cricothyroidectomy
c- laryngoscopy and intubation
d- remove the stitch and take the patient to O.T
answer : d . remove the stitch and take the patient to the O.T .
67. a patient presents with swelling in the neck following a thyroidectomy. What
is the most likely resulting complication ?
a- respiratory obstruction
b- recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
c- hypovolemia
d- hypocalcemia
68. a patient presents with neck swelling and respiratory distress few hours after
a thyroidectomy surgery. Next management would be ?
a- open immediately
b- tracheostomy
c- wait and watch
d- oxygen by mask
69. after thyroidectomy patient developed stridor within 2 hours. All are likely
causes of stridor except ?
a- hypocalcemia
b- recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
c- laryngomalacia
d- wound hematoma
70. which of the following will not lead to respiratory distress after thyroid
surgery?
a- laryngomalacia
b- bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
c- hypocalcemia
d- none
a- euthyroid
b- hypothyroid
c- hyperthyroid
d- T3 thyrotoxicosis
Answer : a . euthyroid .
a- follicular
b- para follicular
c- oxyphilic
d- lymphocytes
a- follicular cells
b- para follicular cells
c- oxyphilic cells
d- lymphocytes
75. patients with MEN 2a also may have hirschsprung's and lichen cutaneous
amyloidosis ? TRUE OR FALSE ?
answer : true .
a- PCT
b- MCT
c- FCT
d- Anaplastic
e- papillary
f- medullary
g- anaplastic
h- follicular
answer : e . papillary .
80. which of the following gene defects is associated with development of the
medullary carcinoma of the thyroid ?
81. what are the other diseases associated with the RET gene ?
Answer : 10 th chromosome .
a- PTC
b- MTC
c- FCT
d- Lymphoma
a- RET
b- K ras
c- C myc
d- APC
88. psammoma bodies are seen in all of the following conditions except ?
answer : d .
89. all of the following are early life threatening complications of thyroid
operation except ?
answer : c . hypocalcemia .
90. in pregnancy ?
a- thiouracil is contraindicated
b- surgery is contraindicated
c- radioiodine is contraindicated
d- none
93. a patient with long standing multinodular goiter develops hoarseness of voice
; also the swelling undergoes sudden increase in size. Likely diagnosis is ?
94. a patient has pituitary tumor and pheochromocytoma and a thyroid nodule .
which carcinoma is most likely to occur ?
answer : medullary carcinoma of the thyroid . the condition is MEN 2a or MEN 2b.
MEN 1 comprises of parathyroid , pituitary and pancreatic tumors. MEN 2a
comprises of parathyroid, medullary carcinoma of thyroid and pheochromocytoma
tumors. MEN 2b comprises of medullary carcinoma of thyroid, pheochromocytoma
and neuromas .
95. a patient presented with headache and flushing . he has a family history of his
relative having died of a thyroid tumor. The investigation that would be required
for this patient will be ?
a- chest x-ray
b- measurement of 5-HIAA
c- measurement of catecholamine
d- intravenous pyelography
a- PCT
b- MCT
c- FCT
d- Anaplastic
a- anaplastic carcinomas
b- PCT
c- MCT
d- FCT
answer : 3p .
a- total thyroidectomy
b- partial thyroidectomy
c- iodine 131 ablation
d- hemithyroidectomy
answer : a . total thyroidectomy .