‫(صِ َفات ال ُح ُروف‬Huroof ki Sifaat)

Characteristics of letters
Sifaat ki pehchaan aur unse waaqfiyat ke faayde(Advantages of knowing the
Sifaat):

1- Sifaat ek hi Makhraj se nikalnewale huroof ko ek-dusre se farq karti hai. Jaise

huroof (‫ ذ‬aur ‫ ) ظ‬Aur ( ‫ ص‬aur ‫ ) س‬wagairah.

2- Sifaat se huroof mein khoobsurti paida hoti hai.

3- Sifaat ke muta’ale se waazeh hota hai ki kaunse huroof Qawi hai aur kaunse
kamzore. Sifaat ki wajah se humein pata chalta hai ki kis harf ka humein
Mukammal idghaam karna hai. Misaal: ‫َودَّت طآ ِئ َفة‬

Aur kis Harf ka humein Naaqis Idghaam(na-muqammal idghaam) karna hai.

َ ‫َب َس‬
Misaal: ‫طت‬

* Qawi harf , Kamzore harf mein Mudgham nahi hota warna uski Sifaat gaayab ho
jaayegi.

‫ َودَّت طآ ِئ َفة‬Is misaal mein ‫ ط‬ek Qawi harf hai aur ‫ ت‬ek kamzore harf hai. Isliye agar
harf ‫ ت‬jo saakin ho Harf ‫ ط‬se pehle aaye to wo mukammal taur per harf ‫ط‬
mein mudgham ho jayega.

َ ‫ َب َس‬Is misaal mein ‫ ط‬saakin hai aur ‫ ت‬se pehle hai to Idghaam Naaqis hoga,
‫طت‬
taki un Sifaat ko gaayab hone se bachaya jaa sake jo ‫ ط‬ko dusre huroof se
munfard karte hain. Isliye hum is misaal mein ‫ ط‬ko Istiala(‫ )إستعال‬aur Itbaaq(‫إطباق‬
)ki Sifaat denge aur Qalqalah ki sifaat chod denge taki ada karne mein aasaani ho.

4- Huroof ko agar unki Sifaat se ada kiya jaaye to wo bilkul waazeh ho jaate hain,
goya Ye huroof ko waazeh karti hain aur saakin huroof ke muayyan awqaat
sikhaati hai jo achi Qiraat ka ek intehaai eham pehlu hai. Inka muta’la aur ada
karna Tajweed mein bohot zaruri hai. Darasal Huroof ko unki Sifaat ke saath ada
karne se ek Ache aur awsat(average) darje ke Qaari mein farq kiya jaa sakta hai.

1
NOTE: Tamaam huroof ke darmiyaan harkaat(fathah,kasrah,dammah) ka waqt
barabar hota hai khwa unmein koi bhi Sifaat paayi jaati ho.Mutaharrik hone ki
surat mein koi bhi harf dusre harf se lamba nahi hota.Tamaam harkaat
yaksa(similar) hoti hain. Eg: ‫ب‬
َ ‫ض َر‬,
َ ‫قُتِ َل‬

Lekin Saakin Huroof ke awqaat mein farq hota hai aur uska inhisaar unki Sifaat per
hota hai. Sifaat saakin huroof mein zyada waazeh hoti hain.

Definition-

Lughat mein Sifaat ki Taareef: Wo cheez jo wazahat ka baaes banti hai.

Ilme Tajweed ki istilaah mein Sifaat ki Taareef: Ye Harf ke izhaar ka tariqa hai, jab
wo apne Makhraj se ada hota hai, aur jo use dusre huroof se farq karti hai.

Huroof ki Sifaat ki 2 aqsaam hai:

1- ‫األصلِ َّية‬
ْ ‫الصفَات‬
ِّ Buniyaadi ya laazmi Sifaat:

Ye wo Sifaat hai harf ka asal ya laazmi hissa hoti hai aur ye kabhi bhi us harf se
juda nahi hoti balki hamesha uske saath rehti hai. Is baab(chapter) mein yehi
Sifaat bayaan ki jaa rahi hai.

َ ‫الصفَات‬
2- ‫الع ْرضِ َّية‬ ِّ Aardhi Sifaat:

Ye wo Sifaat hai jo Harf ka mustaqil ya laazmi hissa nahi hoti hai balki ye baaz
awqaat harf ke saath hoti hai aur baaz awqaat nahi hoti hai. Misaal ke taur per
Idghaam, Izhaar, Tafkheem aur Tarqeeq wagairah.

1) ‫األصلِ َّية‬
ْ ‫الص َفات‬
ِّ – Sifaat jo apna mutazaad(opposite) rakhti hai-

Wo Sifat jo apna mutazaad rakhti hai wo tadaad mein 8 hain. Aur chunki inmein
se har Sifaat apna mutazaad rakhti hai isliye ye jodon(pairs) ki shakal mein hai.
Yani ye 8 Sifaat 4 jodon(pairs) per mushtamil(based) hain. Har pair mein ek Sifaat
dusri Sifaat ki zidd(opposite) hai ya uske ulat hai. Har jode mein se ek Sifaat har
harf mein zaroor paayi jaati hai, goya har harf apne andar kam az kam 4 Sifaat
rakhta hai .

2
8 Sifaat jo apni mutazaad(opposite) rakhti hain

Sifaat Uski Zidd(opposite)

‫( ال َهمْس‬Al-Hams)
‫( الشِ دّة‬Al-Shiddah)
‫( االسْ تِعْ ال‬Al-Istia’la)
‫اإلطباق‬ ْ (al-Itbaaq)
‫الجهْر‬
َ (al-Jahr)
‫( ال َّت َوسُّط‬at- Tawassut) ‫( الرَّ خاوة‬ar-Rakhawah)
‫( االسْ تِ َفال‬al-Istifaal)
‫( اال ْنفِ َتاح‬Al-Infitaah)

Wo Sifaat jinki koi mutazaad(opposite) nahi wo 8 hain:

1- ‫صفِير‬
َّ ‫( ال‬as-Safeer) 2- ‫( اللِّين‬Al-Leen)

3- ‫( اال ْنح َِراف‬al- Inhiraaf) َ ‫( ال ِّت‬at- Tikraar)

4- ‫كرار‬

5- ‫( ال َّت َف ِّشي‬At- Tafashshi) 6- ‫ ( االسْ ت َِطالَة‬Al-Istitala)

7- ‫( ال ُغ َّنة‬al-Ghunnah) 8- ‫( ال َقل َقلَة‬Al- Qalqalah)

 Sifaat jo apna mutazaad(opposite) rakhti hain

‫( ال َه ْمس‬Al-Hams) ‫الج ْهر‬

َ (al-Jahr)
Lughat mein : ‫خ َفاء‬
ِ ‫( ال‬poshidgi, phus- Lughat mein : ‫( اإلعالن‬numaya, zaahir)
phusaana)

Istilaah mein : Harf ko ada karte waqt
Makhraj per kamzore aitmaad(inhisaar)
hone ki wajah se saans(hawa) ka jaari
rehna.
Istilaah mein : Harf ko ada karte waqt
us harf ke Qawi hone ki wajah se saans
ke bahaao ko rokna aur aisa uske
Makhraj per bharpur inhisaar ki wajah
se hota hai.

ْ ‫( َف َح َّث ُه َش ْخص َس َك‬10 letters)

Iske huroof: ‫ت‬ Iske huroof: Baaqi ke tamaam huroof
‫بجدذرزضطظعغقلمنوءي‬
(18 letters)

3
Al-Hams karte waqt Ehtiyaat:

1) Hams ke baghair harf ‫ ه‬aasani se Alif mein badal jaata hai

Misaal: ‫[ ل ُ َم َزا → → ل ُ َم َزة‬waqf(stopping) ke waqt]

2) Hams ke baghair Harf ‫ خ‬aasaani se harf ‫ غ‬mein badal jaata hai

Misaal: ‫َي ْغشى → → َي ْخشى‬

3) Hams ke baghair harf ‫ ص‬aasaani se harf ‫ ز‬mein badal jaata hai

ْ
Misaal : ُ‫يز ُدرُ → → َيصْ ُدر‬

4) Hams ke baghair harf ‫ س‬aasaani se harf ‫ ز‬mein badal jaata hai

Misaal : ‫جد‬ ِ ‫ال َم ْز‬

ِ ْ‫جد →→ ال َمس‬

Al-Jahr karte waqt Ehtiyaat:

1) Harf ‫ ذ‬per Jahr nahi dene ki surat mein ye ‫ ث‬mein badal jaata hai

َ ‫ُون → → َي ْذ ُكر‬
Misaal: ‫ُون‬ َ ‫َي ْث ُكر‬

2) Harf ‫ د‬per Jahr na dene ki surat mein wo ‫ ت‬mein badal jaata hai

Misaal : ‫→ → ال ِّدين‬ ‫ال ِّتين‬

3)Harf ‫ ز‬per Jahr na dene ki surat mein wo ‫ س‬mein badal jaata hai

Misaal: ‫→ → َك َن ْز ُتم‬ ‫َك َنسْ ُتم‬

4) Harf ‫ ج‬per Jahr na dene ki surat mein wo ‫ ش‬mein badal jaata hai

Misaal: ‫جيم‬
ِ َّ‫→ → الر‬ ‫الرَّ شِ يم‬

5) Harf ‫ غ‬per Jahe na dene ki surat mein wo ‫ خ‬mein badal jaata hai

Misaal : ‫→ → َي ْغشهُم‬ ‫َي ْخشهُم‬

4
 ‫( الشِ دّ ة‬Al-Shiddah) ُّ ‫( ال َّت َو‬At- Tawassut)
‫سط‬
Lughat mein taareef: ‫القُوَّ ة‬ Lughat mein: ‫االعْ َتدال‬
Quwwat Aitadaal
Istilaah mein : Makhraj Istilaah mein: Is harf ki
per mukammal inhisaar ki banawat 2 Sifaat ke
wajah se harf ko ada darmiyaan hai Shiddah
karte waqt aawaaz ka aur Rakhawah, yani harf
jaari rehne se rokna. ko ada karte waqt na
aawaaz mukammal taur
per ruk jaati hai aur na hi
jaari rehti hai.
Huroof Shiddah: Tawassut ke huroof:
ْ ‫جد َقط َب َك‬
‫ت‬ ِ ‫( أ‬8 letters) ْ‫( لِنْ ُع َمر‬5 letters)
‫الرخاوة‬
َّ (Ar-Rakhawah)
Lughat mein: ‫اللين‬
Narmi
Istilaah mein: Makhraj
per kamzor inhisaar ki
wajah se aawaz ka harf
ke saath jaari rehna
Rakhawah ke huroof:
Baqi tamaam huroof (15
letters)

NOTE:

Saans aur Aawaaz mein farq

Saans: Wo hawa jo phepdon(lungs) se Makhar ki haddi(vocal cords) ko

chue(touch) baghair baahar aaye.

Aawaaz: Wo hawa jo phepdon se makhar ki haddi ko chute hue baahar aaye.

‫ الشِ دَّ ة‬Karte waqt Ehtiyaat:

1) Harf ‫ ج‬ko waazeh taur per shiddah dena chahiye warna wo aasaani se ‫ش‬
mein badal jaata hai

Misaal: ‫الح َّج‬

َ →→ َّ‫الحش‬
َ

2) Harf ‫ ق‬ko waazeh taur per Shiddah dena chahiye warna wo aasaani se ‫ غ‬mein
badal jaata hai

Misaal: ‫→ → قُلُو ُب َنا‬ ‫ُغلُو ُب َنا‬

5
3) Harf ‫ ت‬ko pehle Shiddah ki Sifaat dein aur uske baad Hams ki Sifaat dein
kyunki Shiddah ek qawi sifat hai aur Hams ek kamzore sifat hai. Isliye hum kisi harf
ko ada karte waqt pehle uski qawi sifaat denge phir uski kamzore Sifat denge.
Agar Aap ‫ ت‬ko pehle Shiddah nahi denge to uski aawaaz ‫ س‬se mil jaayegi

Misaal: ‫َي ْتلُو‬ →→ ‫َيسْ لُو‬

4) Harf ‫ ء‬ko waazeh taur per Shiddah dena chahiye warna wo aasaani se ‫ ه‬mein
badal jaata hai

Misal: ‫َّمآء‬
ِ ‫→ → الس‬ ‫( السَّمآءه‬waqf ke waqt)

ُّ ‫( ال َّت َو‬Tawassut) karte waqt Ehtiyaat:

‫سط‬

1) ‫ ن‬Saakin aur ‫ م‬Saakin per Tawassut, sirf Izhaar ki surat mein waazeh hota hai.

2) Jab hum koi aise harf per waqf karte hain jismein Tawassut ki Sifaat paayi jaati
hai, us surat mein is harf ko wazahat ke saath ada karein warna is harf ke gaayab
hone ka dar hota hai.

Misaal: ‫ العلَمِين‬, ‫ َعلِيم‬, ‫ َوالَّيل‬, ‫َخ ِبير‬

3) Harf ‫ ل‬aur harf ‫ ع‬per sukoon ya tashdeed(shaddah) ho to Tawassut ki sifaat

ka khaas taur se ada kiya jaaye.

In huroof ki adaaigi mein hadd se zyada na badha jaaye warna Aap unko lamba
kar denge aur Aap unko Rakhawah(awaaz ka jaari rehna) ki Sifaat de denge jabki
unki Sifaat Tawassut hai.

َ ‫الَّذ‬
Misaal: ‫ِين‬ َ ُ ‫َيعْ َمل‬
, ‫ون‬

Is tarah agar Aap ‫ ع‬ko Tawassut nahi denge to wo ‫ ء‬mein badal jayega

َ ُ ‫ون → → َيعْ َمل‬

Misaal: ‫ون‬ َ ُ ‫َيئ َمل‬

4) Jab ‫ ن‬aur ‫ م‬per sukoon ho aur unper Izhaar ki surat ho to TawassutSifaat ko

waazeh taur per dena chahiye aur milaane ki surat mein unper rukne se parhez
karna chahiye.

6
 ُ ‫ َومِن َح‬- ‫ َمن أعطى‬- ‫ أم لَ ُكم‬- ‫لَ ُكم أنهارً ا‬
Misaal: ‫يث‬

*Jab ‫ ن‬aur ‫ م‬Mushaddad ho to unper Tawassut ki SIfaat ko zaahir nahi karna

chahiye , Na waqf ki haalat mein na wasl ki haalat mein.

5) Harf ‫ ر‬ko ada karte waqt uski Sifaat Tawassut ko zaahir karna chahiye. Uski
awaaz ko mukammal taur per band nahi karna warna Aap ‫ ر‬ko Shiddah ki Sifaat
de denge jabki Shiddah ‫ ر‬ki Sifaat nahi hai. Is tarah ki ghalati se bachne ke liye
sirf ek baar zabaan ko takrakar harf ‫ ر‬ko ada karna hai.

Misaal: ‫ج ِعى‬
ِ ْ‫ار‬
‫الرخاوة‬
َّ (Ar-Rakhawah) karte waqt Ehtiyaat:

1) Harf ‫ ض‬ko ada karte waqt uski Sifaat Rakhawah ko zaahir karna hai warna
uski awaaz ‫ ط‬se mil jaayegi

Misaal: ُ ْ‫→ → اض‬

‫طر‬ ُ ‫اط‬
‫طر‬ ْ

2) Harf ‫ ش‬ko ada karte waqt waazeh taur per usko Rakhawah diya jaaye warna
uski awaaz ‫ ج‬mein mil jaayegi

Misaal: ‫الرُّ ج ُد → → الرُّ ْش ُد‬

‫(االست ِْع ََلء‬Al-Istia’la)

ْ ‫االستِ َفال‬
ْ (Al-Istifaal)
Lughat mein: ‫االرْ تِ َفاع‬ ِ ‫اال ْن‬
Lughat mein: ‫خ َفاض‬
Bulandi Neeche karna ya kami karna

Istilaah mein: Harf ka dabaao qataee
taur per taalu ki taraf hona. Kyunki harf
‫ االسْ تِعْ َالء‬ko ada karte waqt zabaan ka
pichla hissa uper ki taraf uth jaata hai.
Is tarah karne se in huroof ki awaaz
qawi hojaati hai. Ye Mufakham huroof
ki sifaat hai
Istilaah mein: Harf ka dabaao taalu ki
taraf na hona. Kyunki zabaan ka pichla
hissa ‫ ال ُمس َتفِيل‬ko ada karte waqt uper ki
taraf nahi uthta. Is tarah karne se in
huroof ki awaaz kamzore ho jaati hai.
Ye Muraqqaq huroof ki sifaat hai.

Iske Huroof: ‫ض ْغط ق ِْظ‬

َ َّ‫( ُخص‬7 letters) Iske Huroof: Baqi ke tamaam huroof(21
letters)

7
Ehtiyaat:

Kuch huroof ko agar hum sahi taur per Istia’la nahi denge to wo dusre huroof
mein badal jaayenge jaise ‫ ص – ض‬- ‫ ظ‬- ‫ ط‬- ‫ ق‬Agar ye huroof dusre huroof se
badal jaayein to Lahn e Jali ka imkaan hai.

Jabki ‫ غ – خ‬ko agar sahi taur per Istia’la nahi denge to ye huroof dusre huroof
mein nahi badalte lekin Istia’la sahi taur per nahi dene se Lahn e Khafi ka dar hai
kyunki harf badal nahi raha hai.

‫االست ِْع ََلء‬

ْ (Al-Istia’la) karte waqt ehtiyaat:

1) Agar Aap ‫ ط‬ko sahi taur per Istia’la nahi denge to ye ‫ ت‬mein badal jayega

Misaal: ُ‫ُيتِعُ → → يُطِ ع‬

2) Agar Aap ‫ ص‬ko sahi taur per Istia’la nahi denge to wo ‫ س‬ki tarah ada hoga

Misaal: ُ‫→ → ُتصِ ير‬ ُ‫ُتسِ ير‬

3) Agar Aap ‫ ظ‬ko sahi taur per Istia’la nahi denge to wo ‫ ذ‬ki tarah ada hoga

MIsaal: ‫ذالِم → → ظالِم‬

‫االستِ َفال‬
ْ (Al-Istifaal) karte waqt Ehtiyaat:

1) Agar Aap ‫ ت‬ko sahi taur Istifaal nahi denge to wo ‫ ط‬ki tarah ada hoga

Misaal: ‫َو َمن َط َطوَّ ع → → َو َمن َت َطوَّ ع‬

2) Agar Aap ‫ س‬ko sahi taur per Istifaal nahi denge to wo ‫ ص‬ki tarah ada hoga

Misaal: ‫ُورة‬
َ ‫ُورة → → س‬
َ ‫ص‬

3) Agar Aap ‫ ذ‬ko sahi taur per istifaal nahi denge to wo ‫ ظ‬ki tarah ada hoga

Misaal: ‫ظق → → ُذق‬

ُ

Agar ‫ ك‬- ‫ س‬- ‫ ذ‬- ‫ د‬- ‫ ت‬ko Aap Istifaal nahi denge to ye huroof dusre huroof mein
badal jayenge. Ye lahn Jali hogi. Jabki baqi Mustafil huroof ko Aap Istifaal nahi
denge to wo dusre huroof se tabdeel nahi honge per ye ghalati Lahn e Khafi hogi.

8
4) Baaz awqaat ek harf ko Tafkeem dene mein uska asar aage aane wale harf per
ho jaata hai jo Lahn e Jali mein shumaar ho sakti hai.

Misaal: ‫ بَاسِ ط‬Agar Aap harf ‫ ب‬per Tafkheem de dein to ‫ ب‬kisi dusre harf se nahi
badalta magar ye Tafkheem ‫ س‬per asar-andaaz ho jaati hai aur ‫ س‬ko ‫ ص‬se
badal deti hai jo Lahn e Jali ki wajah ban sakti hai.

ْ (Al-Istia’la) ek qawi sifaat hai jabki ‫االس ِت َفال‬

NOTE: ‫االست ِْع ََلء‬ ْ (Al-Istifaal) ek kamzore
sifaat hai.

‫( االط َباق‬Al-Itbaaq) ‫( االنفِ َتاح‬al- Infitaah)

Lughat mein: ‫ِصاق‬ ْ Chipakna

َ ‫االلت‬ Lughat mein: ‫ اال ْفت َِراق‬kholna, alaihidgi

Istilaah mein: Itbaaq ke huroof ki Istilaah mein: Infitaah ke huroof ki

adaaigi ke waqt zabaan ka zyada se
zyada hissa taalu se chipakna,taki harf
ki awaaz taalu aur zabaan ke darmiyaan
mahsoor(trap) ho jaaye.
Iske huroof : ‫ط ظ ص ض‬
adaaigi ke waqt zabaan ko taalu se alag
rakhna taki harf ki aawaaz zaban aur
taalu ke darmiyaan mahsoor na hone
paaye.
Iske huroof: Baaqi tamaam huroof)24
letters)

‫( االط َباق‬Al-Itbaaq) ye ek Qawi Sifaat hai jabki ‫( االنفِ َتاح‬al- Infitaah) ek kamzore
Sifaat hai.

Tafkheem , Itbaaq ki wajah se zyada numaya hoti hai banisbat Istia’la ke.

Kyunki: Jab Aap Mutbaq Huroof ada karte hain to Aapki zabaan buland hokar
taalu ko chipakti hai uski wajah se harf ki awaaz zabaan aur taalu ke beech
mahsoor ho jaati hai. Jabki Munfatah huroof ada karte waqt zaban ka sirf aakhri
hissa taalu ko lagta hai jiski wajah se harf ki awaaz zabaan aur taalu ke beech
mahsoor nahi hoti.

9
◊◊ “Tamaam Mutbaq huroof Musta’l hai lekin tamaam Musta’l huroof Mutbaq
nahi”

Suboot: Tamaam Musta’l huroof( ‫ )خص ضغط قظ‬mein se sirf 4 huroof Mutbaq hai
jo ye hain ‫ط ظ ص ض‬

Is se ye saabit hota hai ki tamaam Musta’l huroof Mutbaq nahi hai.

‫( االط َباق‬Al-Itbaaq) karte waqt Ehtiyaat:

1) Jab hum Itbaaq ki baat karte hain to iska matlab ye hai ki Harf ‫ ط‬ke liye
mukammal Itbaaq hota hai (yani zabaan mukammal taur per taalu ko chipak jaati
hai) Jabki dusre huroof ke liye Na-mukammal Itbaaq hota hai. Yani zabaan
mukammal taur per taalu ko nahi chipakti. Zabaan ka sirf thoda sa hissa taalu ko
chipakta hai.
َّ
Misaal: ‫الطآمَّة‬ - ‫ِين‬ َّ
َ ‫الظالِم‬

2) Har Mutbaq harf Musta’l hai magar har Musta’l harf Mutbaq nahi

Misaal: ‫ غ‬, ‫ ق‬, ‫ خ‬ye teeno huroof Musta’l lekin inmein Itbaaq nahi hai. In teeno
huroof ko ada karte waqt zabaan taalu ko nahi chipakti.

2) Mutbaq Huroof 4 hain ‫ط‬, ‫ ظ‬,‫ص‬,‫ ض‬In huroof ko ada karte waqt inki tafkheem
ka khaas khayaal rakhna chahiye warna wo aasaani se dusre huroof mein badal
jaate hain
َّ
Misaal: ‫الطآمَّة‬ → → ‫ال َتآمَّة‬

Mazeed Misaalein:

1) Agar harf ‫ ص‬ko mukammal Itbaaq nahi denge to wo ‫ س‬ki tarah ada hoga

Misaal: ‫→ → الصُّور‬ ‫السُّور‬

2) ) Agar harf ‫ ظ‬ko mukammal Itbaaq nahi denge to wo ‫ ذ‬ki tarah ada hoga

Misaal: ‫→ → َظلَ َم‬ ‫َذلَ َم‬

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3) Agar harf ‫ ض‬ko behtar Itbaaq nahi denge to wo ‫ د‬ki tarah ada hoga

Misaal: ‫ب‬ َ ‫ُد ِر‬

َ ‫ب → → ض ُِر‬

Infitaah karte waqt ehtiyaat:

1) Agar aap Munasib Infitaah nahi denge to ye huroof dusre huroof mein tabdeel
ho jayenge aur Aapko Lahn e Jali mein mubtala kar sakte hain.

Misaal: ‫ُورة‬
َ ‫ُورة → → س‬
َ ‫ص‬ ِ ‫جى → → ُتر‬
, ‫جى‬ ُ
ِ ‫طر‬ , ‫ظق → → ُذق‬
ُ

Note: Ye 4 Sifaat - ‫ انفتاح – اطباق‬- ‫ استفال‬- ‫ استعَل‬Ye sab Muh ke andar zabaan ki
shakal(shape) aur jagah(place) ko bayaan karte hain.

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