General Information about English Grammar:

:‫زانیاری گشتی دەربارەی ڕێزمانی ئینگلیزی‬

1. Subject:‫بکەر‬
2. Verb:‫کار‬

1.Subject:‫بکەر‬
-:‫ وبکەر دەبێتە دوو جۆر‬،‫بکەر لە زۆربەی کاتەکاندا پەیوەندی لەگەڵ کار هەیە‬
Singular:‫بکەری تـــاك‬

Plural:‫بکەری کـــۆ‬

Singular ‫تـــــاك‬ Plural ‫کـــــۆ‬

I We
He You
She They
It
:‫ناوی تـــاك‬ :‫ناوی کـــۆ‬
Student, Person, Foot, Students, People,
Teacher, Village, City, Feet, Teachers,
Man, Mouse, etc.. Villages, Cities, Men,
Women, Mice, etc..

2.Verb:‫کــار‬
-:‫کار دەبێتە دوو جۆر‬
Main Verb:‫کاری سەرەکی‬

Auxiliary Verb:)‫کاری یاریدەدەر(هاریکار‬

❖ ①{Main Verb}

Regular ‫یاسایی‬ Irregular ‫نایاسایی‬

Start >> Started See >> Saw
Look >> Looked Write >> Wrote
Play >> Played Cut >> Cut
Watch >> Watched Break >> Broke
Stop >> Stopped Drive >> Drove
Decide >> Decided Win >> Won
Study >> Studied Eat >> Ate
Ache >> Ached Be (am, is, are) >> Was, Were
 ❖ ②{Auxiliary Verbs}

A. Verb to (be):

Present ‫ڕانەبردوو‬ Past ‫ڕابردوو‬

(Am, Is) ‫تـــاك‬ (Was) ‫تـــاك‬
(Are) ‫کۆ‬ (Were) ‫کۆ‬

B. Verb to (do):

Present ‫ڕانەبردوو‬ Past ‫ڕابردوو‬

(Does, Do) ‫تـــاك‬ (Did) ‫تـــاك‬

C. Verb to (have):

Present ‫ڕانەبردوو‬ Past ‫ڕابردوو‬

(Has, Have) ‫تـــاك‬ (Had) ‫تـــاك‬

D. Modal Verbs: ‫کارە ناتەواوەکان‬

Can, Could, Shall, Should, Will, Would,

May, Might, {Ought to, Need to, Must,
Has to, Have to} >> Had to

Some Important Points:-

1) {Verb} will be {Base} if it doesn't have these prefixes and suffixes:(s-es, ing, ed, p.p, to).

Note: 2 till 4 Always be like that It doesn't change in any situation.

2) {Am, is, are/was, were} + 1. V-ing (active‫ ڕستەی بکەر دیار‬2. V-p.p (passive‫ڕستەی بکەر نادیار‬

3) {Has, have, had} + V(P.P)

 4) {Do, does, did} & {Modal verbs} & {to………..} + V(Base)

Compare between Present and Past simple Rules:---

1] Rules of Present Simple:

-Subject + V(s, es)singular & V(base)plural + complement…

-Subject + (Don’t, Doesn’t) + base + com…

-Subject + (am, is, are) + com…
-Subject + has, have(without P.P) + com…

2] Rules of Past Simple:

-Subject + V(ed, irregular) + com…
-Subject + Didn’t + base + com…
-Subject + (was, were) + com…

Subject + had(without P.P) + com…

P&R&B by: Mjm