TEORI PROSES

PEMISAHAN
MEMBRANE
Pertemuan ke-3

By: Muthia Elma

melma@unlam.ac.id
Tipe-tipe proses separasi membran
•  Porous membranes (berdasar pore size & particle size)
•  Driving force (usually for non porous membranes)
Porous membranes
•  Knudsen Flow

•  J = K (ΔP/L)

•  J= flux (mass/area)
•  K= mobility constant
•  L=thickness
•  ΔP=pore pressure gradient
•  If the pore-width is small relative to the mean free path,
mass transport occurs as a result of molecule-to wall
collision in the presence of either a total pressure or a
partial pressure gradient (Knudsen diffusion or molecular
flow)
•  The porosity φ of the porous media restricts the cross-
sectional area available for transport.
Porous
membranes

macroporous

mesoporous

0-3 nm
Liquid membranes
•  Hydrophilic
•  hidrophobic
Skema proses
perpindahan
•  Passive
•  Active
Passive transport
•  Perpindahan molekul melalui sel membrane yang tidak
memerlukan energy

•  Tergantung kepada permeability of sel membrane

Jenis passive transport
•  Diffusion
•  Osmosis
•  Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
•  In simple diffusion, small noncharged molecules or
soluble molecules pass between molecules the to enter or
leave the cell, moving from areas of high concentration to
areas of low concentration (they move down their
concentration gradient)
OSMOSIS
•  a type of simple diffusion in which water molecules diffuse
through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of
high water concentration to areas of lower water
concentration. (Note that the more particles dissolved in a
solution, the less water there is in it, so osmosis is
sometimes described as the diffusion of water from areas
of low solute concentration to areas of high solute
concentration).
Facilitated diffusion
•  Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are similar in that
both involve movement down the concentration gradient.
The difference is how the substance gets through the cell
membrane.
•  In simple diffusion, the substance passes between the
molecules; in facilitated diffusion there are a specialized
membrane channels. Charged or polar molecules that
cannot fit between the molecules generally enter and
leave cells through facilitated diffusion.
Active transport
•  Butuh energy
•  Create charge gradient in the cell membrane

•  Unwanted ions yang keluar dari membranes cell bisa di

difusi melalui cell membrane melalui region of low
concentration to the higher concentration
Contoh soal
•  Sebuah membrane berbentuk tabung dengan diameter
9.60 cm dan panjang 42.1 cm dipergunakan dalam proses
penjernihan air dengan menggunakan air laut sebagai
sumber bahan baku melalui proses prevaporasi. Lama
proses pervaporasi adalah selama 20 jam, berat air bersih
yang dihasilkan dari proses tersebut adalah sebanyak
8.701 kg. Hitung water flux dari proses tersebut.
Jawaban
•  Surface area membrane (A): (2 x phi x (0.01 x 9.6/2 m)) x
(0.01 x 42.1 m) = 0.1281 m2

•  t = 20 h

•  m = 8.701 kg

•  Flux = m/(A x t) = 8.701 kg / (0.1281m2 x 20 h)

•  = 3.3963 kg/m2.h