Soft Computing

Module - 1 Fuzzy Set Theory - Lect 2 & 3

Topics
● Fuzzy relations:
○ Cardinality of Crisp Set
○ Cardinality of Fuzzy Set
○ Cardinality of Crisp relation
○ Cardinality of fuzzy relation
○ Operations on Crisp relation
○ Operations on fuzzy relation
○ Properties of fuzzy relation
Cardinality of Crisp SET
Cardinality of a set is basically the size of the set or the number of
elements in set. The cardinality of a set is denoted by |A|.
A = {1, 2, 3}

|A| = 3
Cardinality of Fuzzy Set
Cardinality of Fuzzy set A, also called SIGMA COUNT is expressed
as a sum of the values of membership function.

A = {1, 2, 3} µA:X → {0.3, 0.2, 1}

Cardinality(A) = 0.3 + 0.2 + 1 = 1.5

Cardinality of Crisp Relation
Suppose, A and B are two (crisp) sets. Then Cartesian product denoted as A ×
B is a collection of ordered pairs, such that

A × B = {(a, b)|a ∈ A and b ∈ B}

Note :

(1) A × B ≠ B × A

(2) |A × B| = |A| × |B|

(3) A × B provides a mapping from a ∈ A to b ∈ B.

The mapping so mentioned is called a relation.

Cardinality of Crisp Relation

Cardinality A = 4
Cardinality B = 3

Cardinality A x B
= 4 x 3 = 12
Cardinality of Fuzzy Relation
● Fuzzy relation is a fuzzy set defined on the Cartesian product of crisp
set X1, X2, ..., Xn
● Here, n-tuples (x1, x2, ..., xn) may have varying degree of memberships
within the relationship.
● The membership values indicate the strength of the relation between
the tuples.
Cardinality of Fuzzy Relation
● Suppose A is a fuzzy set on the universe of discourse X with µA(x) | x ∈
X and B is a fuzzy set on the universe of discourse Y with µB(y) | y ∈ Y
● Then R = A × B ⊂ X × Y ; where R has its membership function given by
µR(x, y) = µA×B(x, y) = min{µA(x), µB(y)}
Operations on CRISP Relation
Operations on CRISP Relation
Suppose, R(x, y) and S(x, y ) are the two relations define over two crisp sets x ∈
A and y ∈ B.

Union:

R(x, y) ∪ S(x, y ) = max(R(x, y), S(x, y ));

Intersection:

R(x, y) ∩ S(x, y ) = min(R(x, y), S(x, y ));

Complement:

R(x, y ) = 1 − R(x, y)
Operations on CRISP Relation
Operations on CRISP Relation
Operations on CRISP Relation
● Given R is a relation on X ,Y and S is another relation on Y ,Z .
● Then R ◦ S is called a composition of relation on X and Z which is
defined as follows.
● R ◦ S = {(x, z)|(x, y) ∈ R and (y , z) ∈ S and ∀y ∈ Y }
● Given the two relation matrix R and S, the max-min composition
is defined as T = R ◦ S ;
○ T (x, z) = max{min{R(x, y), S(y, z) and ∀y ∈ Y }}
● Given the two relation matrix R and S, the max-product
composition is defined as T = R ◦ S ;
○ T (x, z) = max{min{R(x, y)* S(y, z) and ∀y ∈ Y }}
Operations on CRISP Relation

Calculate the RoS using

1) Max - min composition
2) Max - product composition
Operations on CRISP Relation
Operations on CRISP Relation
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
● Fuzzy relation is a fuzzy set defined on the Cartesian product
of set X1 , X2 , ..., Xn
● Here, n-tuples (x1 , x2 , ..., xn ) may have varying degree of
memberships within the relationship.
● The membership values indicate the strength of the relation
between the tuples.
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
● A is a fuzzy set on the universe of discourse X with μA (x)|x ∈ X
● B is a fuzzy set on the universe of discourse Y with μB (y)|y ∈ Y
● Then R = A × B ⊂ X × Y ; where R has its membership function
given by
○ μR (x, y ) = μA×B (x, y) = min{μA(x), μB(y)}
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
● Consider the following two sets P and D, which represent a set of
paddy plants and a set of plant diseases. More precisely P = {P1 ,
P2 , P3 , P4 } a set of four varieties of paddy plants D = {D1 , D2 ,
D3 , D4 } of the four various diseases affecting the plants.
● In addition to these, also consider another set S = {S1 , S2 ,
S3 , S4 } be the common symptoms of the diseases.
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
Operations on Fuzzy Relation

T
Operations on Fuzzy Relation
RoT =
Properties of fuzzy relation
Propertie
s of fuzzy
relation
Propertie
s of fuzzy
relation
Mathemati
cal
Problems
Mathematic
al Problem
Mathematic
al Problem
Mathematic
al Problem
Mathematic
al Problem
Mathematic
al Problem