CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background

B. Problem Formulation

C. Objective of Experiment

D. Benefit
1. Teoritical Benefit

2. Experiment Benefit

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL BASIS

CHAPTER III
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
A. Day / Date
Day : Sunday
Date : 24 th October 2021
B. Tools And Material
1. Millikan oil drop experiment tool 1 set
2. Millikan supply unit 1 unit
3. Connecting cable 3 pairs
4. Timer Box 2 units
C. Identification Of Variable

D. Operational Variable Of Definition

E. Work Procedure
Fall/Up Method
1. The ocular micrometer is adjusted vertically and the eyepiece is adjusted until the
micrometer scale is clearly visible.
2. First, set switches U and t in the down position (off state).
3. Voltage U is regulated on the capacitor by turning the potentiometer knob slowly at
the voltage (400-600 V). While being observed through a telescope, the atomizer is
massaged rapidly so that the selected oil droplet rises at a rate of about 1-2 scale
marks per second (i.e. it appears to rise when viewed through the eyepiece).
4. The voltage on the capacitor is turned off by setting the switch U to the off position.
5. After the oil drop is located on the selected scale mark, the time t starts to run on the
timer box by setting the t switch to the on position.
6. After the oil drop falls (observed through the eyepiece) through the 20 scale marks
(equivalent to 1 mm), a voltage is applied to the capacitor with the switch U pressed
and the time t2 is measured automatically.
7. As soon as the oil drop is at the top of the first scale mark, the voltage supply is
stopped with the switch U pressed to the off position. carried out the calculation of
up to 5 times the movement of up and down.
8. The measured value is recorded i.e. falling time t1, rising time t2.
9. The measurement was repeated for the other oil drops (5 drops of oil were taken).
F. Work Principle
 CHAPTER IV
OBSERVATION RESULT
A. Observation Result
Voltage : 546 V
Distance in electric field : |1,00 ± 0,05|mm
Distance not electric field : |1,00 ± 0,05|mm
Table 1: Time measurement go through the oil drop
Drop Oil Oil Droplet Travel Time(s)
In electric field With electric
free fall, t1 (s) field up, t2 (s)
1 | 16,26 ± 0,01 | | 6,28± 0,01 |
| 16,48 ± 0,01 | | 6,24 ± 0,01 |
| 15,88 ± 0,01 | | 6,05± 0,01 |
| 15,24 ± 0,01 | | 6,12 ± 0,01 |
| 15,55 ± 0,01 | | 5,75 ± 0,01 |
Average | 15,88 ± 0,01 | | 6,08 ± 0,01 |
2 | 6,14± 0,01 | | 9,35± 0,01 |
| 6,36 ± 0,01 | | 9,36± 0,01 |
| 5,95± 0,01 | | 8,68± 0,01 |
| 5,94 ± 0,01 | | 9,37± 0,01 |
| 6,10± 0,01 | | 9,07± 0,01 |
Average | 6,10± 0,01 | | 9,17± 0,01 |
3 | 5,50± 0,01 | | 2,24± 0,01 |
| 5,50± 0,01 | | 2,24± 0,01 |
| 5,04± 0,01 | | 2,22± 0,01 |
| 5,10± 0,01 | | 2,06± 0,01 |
| 5,09± 0,01 | | 2,40± 0,01 |
Average | 5,29± 0,01 | | 2,23± 0,01 |
 4 | 10,50 ± 0,01 | | 6,47± 0,01 |
| 11,49 ± 0,01 | | 7,41± 0,01 |
| 11,14 ± 0,01 | | 6,85± 0,01 |
| 10,51 ± 0,01 | | 6,72± 0,01 |
| 10,49 ± 0,01 | | 7,50± 0,01 |
Average | 10,82 ± 0,01 | | 6,99± 0,01 |
5 | 5,76± 0,01 | | 2,95± 0,01 |
| 5,69± 0,01 | | 2,84± 0,01 |
| 5,68± 0,01 | | 3,10± 0,01 |
| 5,76± 0,01 | | 2,89± 0,01 |
| 5,51± 0,01 | | 3,20± 0,01 |
| 5,68± 0,01 | | 2,99± 0,01 |
Average
B. Analysis

Density
Drops of oil for 1
a. In electric field / free fall
t 1+t 2 +t 3+t 4 + t 5
t́=
5
16,26+16 , 48+ 15,88+15,24+15,55
t́=
5
t́=15,88 s
Δt = δmax
Δt = 15,88 – 15,24
Δt = 0,64
Relative Error (RE)
Δt
RE = ×100 %
t́
0,64
RE = ×100 %
15,88
RE = 4,03
Physics Report (PR)
PR =¿ t́ ± Δt∨¿
PR = ¿ 15,88 ± 0,64∨¿ s
b. With electric / field up
t 1+t 2 +t 3+t 4 + t 5
t́=
5
6,28+6,24 +6,05+6,12+5,75
t́=
5
t́=6,08 s
Δt = δmax
Δt = 6,08 – 5,75
Δt = 0,33
Relative Error (RE)
Δt
RE = ×100 %
t́
0,33
RE = ×100 %
6,08
RE = 5,42
Physics Report (PR)
PR =¿ t́ ± Δt∨¿
PR = ¿ 6,08 ± 0,33∨¿ s
With
Table 2. Free fall
free fall t́ (s) Δt RE (%) PR
1 15,88 0,64 4,03 ¿ 15,88 ±0,64∨s
2 6,10 0,26 4,56 ¿ 6,10 ± 0,26∨s
3 5,29 0,25 4,72 ¿ 5,29 ±0,25∨s
4 10,82 0,67 6,19 ¿ 10,82± 0,67∨s
5 5,68 0,17 2,99 ¿ 5,68 ±0,17∨s
 Field Up
field up t́ (s) Δt RE (%) PR
1 6,08 0,33 5,42 ¿ 6,08 ± 0,33∨¿
s
2 9,17 0,49 5,34 ¿ 9,17 ± 0,49∨¿
s
3 2,23 0,17 7,62 ¿ 2,23 ± 0,17∨¿
s
4 6,99 0,52 7,43 ¿ 6,99 ± 0,52∨¿
s
5 2,99 0,21 7,02 ¿ 2,99 ±0,21∨¿
s

Velocity
In electric field / free fall
Drops of oil for 1
s
v1 =
t́ 1
0,001 m
v1 =
15,88 s
v1 =6,30 ×10−5 m/s
Uncertainty Analysis
v=x t −1

dv = |∂∂ vx|dx+| ∂∂vt |dt

dv = | ∂x | |
∂ ( x t −1 )
dx +
∂t |
∂ ( x t −1 )
dt

∆ v=|t −1|∆ x +|x t −1|∆ t

∆ v t −1 ∆ x+ x t −2 ∆t
v
= | xt
−1 |
∆ x ∆t
∆ v 1=
| + v
x 1 t1 1 |
∆ x ∆t
∆ v 1=
| + v
x 1 t1 1 |
∆ v 1=|0.051 mmmm + 15,88
0.64 s
s|
−5
6,30× 10

∆ v 1=|0,05 m+0,04 s|6,30 ×10−5

m
∆ v 1=0,567 x 10−4
s

Relative Error (RE)

∆ v1
ℜ= x 100 %
v1

0,57
ℜ= x 100 %
6,30

ℜ=9 %

Physics Report (PR)

PR = |v 1 ± ∆ v1|

PR=|6.30± 0.57| x 10−5 m/s

 free fall m Δv RE (%) PR
v1 (×10−5 )
s
1 6.30 0,567 9 ¿ 6,30 ± 0,57∨x 10−5 m/s
2 16.39 1.475 8,99 ¿ 16,4 ± 1,48∨x 10−5 m/s
3 18.90 1.701 9 ¿ 18,9 ±1,70∨x 10−5 m/s
4 9.24 1.016 10.99 ¿ 9,24 ± 1,02∨x 10−5 m/ s
5 17.61 1.391 7,89 ¿ 17,6 ±1,39∨x 10−5 m/ s

With electric / field up

Drops of oil for 1
s
v1 =
t́ 1
0,001 m
v1 =
6,08 s
v1 =16,44 ×10−5 m/s
Uncertainty Analysis
v=x t −1

dv = |∂∂ vx|dx+| ∂∂vt |dt

dv = | ∂x | |
∂ ( x t −1 )
dx +
∂t |
∂ ( x t −1 )
dt

∆ v=|t −1|∆ x +|x t −1|∆ t

∆ v t −1 ∆ x+ x t −2 ∆t
v
= |x t −1 |
∆ x ∆t
∆ v 1=
| + v
x 1 t1 1 |
∆ x ∆t
∆ v 1=
| + v
x 1 t1 1 |
∆ v 1= |0.051 mmmm + 0.33 s
6,08 s |
16,44 ×10−5

∆ v 1=|0,05 m+0,05 s|16,44 ×10−5

m
∆ v 1=1,64 x 10−4
s

Relative Error (RE)

∆ v1
ℜ= x 100 %
v1

1,64
ℜ= x 100 %
16,44

ℜ=9,97 %

Physics Report (PR)

PR = |v 1 ± ∆ v1|

PR=|16,4 ±1,64| x 10−5 m/s

field up m Δv RE (%) PR
v 2 (×10−5 )
s
1 16,44 1,64 9,97 ¿ 16,4 ± 1,64∨x 10−5 m/s
2 10,91 1.09 9,99 ¿ 10,9 ±1,09∨x 10−5 m/s
3 44,84 5,38 11,99 ¿ 44,8 ± 5,38∨x 10−5 m/s
4 14.31 1,72 12,01 ¿ 14,3 ±1,72∨x 10−5 m/s
5 33,44 4,01 11,99 ¿ 33,4 ± 4,01∨x 10−5 m/ s

Jari-jari Tanpa Faktor Koreksi (r0)

Drops of oil for 1

9 v1
r0 =
√ 2 ∆ ρg

9(1,856 x 10−5 Ns/m2)(0,630 x 10−4 m/s )

¿
√ 2(874,01 kg /m3 )(9,8 m/s 2)
 10523,52 ×10−12
=
√ 17130,596

¿ 7,83 x 10−7 m

Error Analysis

9 ηv 1 1 2
ro = ( )
2 Δρg
∂r
Δr o=| o | Δv1
v1
−1
1 9ηv 1 9η
=| ( )
2 2Δρg
2
2 Δρg
| . Δv1
−1/2
1 9 ηv 1 9η
=|
( )
2 2 Δρg
.
2 Δρg
| . Δv1
1/2
9 ηv 1
( ) 2 Δρg

Δr o 9η 9ηv 1 −1
=| .
ro 4 Δρg 2 Δρg ( )
| . Δv1

9η 2 Δρg
=| .
4 Δρg 9ηv 1 ( )
|. Δv 1

1 Δv1
Δr o =|
()
2 v1
| . ro

Uncertainty Analysis
1 ∆ v1
∆ r 0= | | 2 v1 0
r

m
∆ r 0=
| 0.567 x 10−5
s
m
2(6,30 x 10−5 )
s
7,83 x 10−7 m
|
∆ r 0=0,348 x 10−7 m

Relative Error (RE)

∆ r0
ℜ= x 100 %
r0

0.348 x 10−7 m
ℜ= x 100 %
7,83 x 10−7 m

RE = 4,44 %

Physics Report (PR)

PR=|7,83± 0.35| x 10−7 m

Table

Ch. r o (×10−7 m¿ Δ ro RE (%) PR

1 7,83 0,348 4,44 |7,83 ± 0.35| x 10−7 m
2 7,89 0,907 11,4 |7,89 ± 0.91| x 10−7 m
3 4,29 0,192 4,4 |4,29± 0.19| x 10−7 m
4 9,49 0,523 5,5 |9,49 ± 0.52| x 10−7 m
5 4,14 0,159 3,8 |4,14 ± 0.16| x 10−7 m

Muatan tanpa faktor koreksi (q o ¿

6 π r 0 d (v 1+ v 2)
q 0=
U

q o=( 6 )( 3,14 ) ¿ ¿

q o=6,84 x 10−19 C
 6 πη r o d ( v 1 + v 2 )
q0 =
U
∂q ∂q ∂q
Δq o =| o | Δr o +| o | Δv1 +| o | Δv 2
∂r o ∂ v1 ∂ v1
∂q
+| | ΔU
∂U

6 πη d ( v 1 + v 2 ) 6 πη r o d
=| | Δr o + | | Δv 1
U U
6πη r o d
+| | Δv 2
U
+ |{−6 πη r o d ( v 1 + v 2 ) } . U−2| ΔU
Δqo Δr o Δv 1 Δv ΔU
= | | +| | +| 2 |+ | |
qo ro v1 + v2 v1 + v2 U
Δr Δv Δv ΔU
{
Δqo = | o |+ | 1 |+| 2 |+| | . q o
ro v1 + v2 v1 + v2 U }
Uncertainty Analysis
Δr o Δv Δv 2 ΔU
Δq o = |
{ ro
|+ | 1 |+|
v1 + v2 v1 + v2
|+| | q o
U }
0,348 0,567 1,64 1
Δ qo = {| | |
7,83
+ + +
6,30+16,44 6,30+16,44 546||
6,84 | | |}
Δ qo =0,97 x 10−19 C
Δq o
RE = x 100 %
qo

0,97 x 10−19 C
ℜ= x 100 %
6,84 x 10−19 C

ℜ=14.8 % (2AB)

PR=|6,8± 0,1| x 10−19C

 Ch. q o ( x 10−19 C ) Δ qo RE (%) PR
1 6,84 0,97 14,18 |6,8 ± 0,1| x 10−19C
2 5,24 1,32 25,18 |5,2 ±1,4| x 10−19 C
3 10,51 1,65 15,68 |11 ± 1,6| x 10−19C
4 8,59 1,43 16,68 |8,6 ± 1,4| x 10−19C
5 8,12 1,18 14,48 |8,1 ± 1,0|x 10−19C

Jari-jari dengan faktor koreksi (r)

1 /2
A2 A
(
r= r +
4 0
2
) −
2

r =√ ¿ ¿
r =7,45× 10−7 m
∂r
dr =
| | ∂ r0
d r0

1
A2 2 A
dr = | (
∂ r 02 +
4
∂ r0
− )
2
d r0 |
−1
1 2 A2
∆r= |( ) |r +
2 0 4
2
2 r0 ∆ r0

−1
A2
|( ) |
∆ r = r0 +
4
2 2
r0 ∆ r0

A2
−1

| ( )
|
2 2
r 0 r0 +
∆r 4
= ∆ r0
r A2
1 /2
A
( r0 +
4
2
) −
2
 A2
−1

| ( )
|
2 2
r0 r0 + ∆ r0
4
∆r= 1/ 2
r
A2 A
( r0 +2
4 ) −
2

∆ r =0,35 ×10−7 m

∆r
ℜ= ×100 %
r

0,35× 10−7 m
RE = ×100 %
7,45× 10−7 m

RE = 4,66 %

PR = |7,45 ± 0,35| ×10−7 m

Ch. r(×10−7 m) Δr RE (%) PR

1 7,45 0,35 4,66 |7,45 ± 0,35| ×10−7 m
2 7,51 0,91 11,91 |7,51 ± 0,91| ×10−7 m
3 3,92 0,19 4,87 |3,92 ± 0,19| ×10−7 m
4 9,11 0,52 5,72 |9,11± 0,52| ×10−7 m
5 3,77 0,16 4,19 |3,77 ± 0,16| ×10−7 m

Muatan dengan faktor koreksi (q)

q0
q = 1,5
A
( ) 1+
r

6,64 ×10−9
q= 1
7,7368 ×10−8
( 1+
7,45× 10−7 ) 5

q=¿6,71 ×10−19C
 −1,5
q =q 0 ( 1+ Ar−1 )
∂q ∂q
Δq =| |Δq 0 +| |Δr
∂ q0 ∂r
−1,5 −2,5
=|( 1+ Ar−1 ) |Δq0 +|q0 ( 1+ Ar−1 ) . Ar− 2|Δr

−1,5 −2,5
Δq ( 1+ Ar−1 ) q 0 ( 1+Ar −1 ) . Ar −2
=| −1 .5
|Δq 0 +| Δr|
q q 0 ( 1+ Ar−1 ) q 0 ( 1+Ar −1 )
−1,5

Δq Δr . Ar− 2
{
= | 0 |+|
q0 ( 1+ Ar −1 )
| q
}
Δq A . Δr

{
Δq = | 0 |+|
q0
r 2 1+

Δq 0 A . Δr
A
r
| q
( ) }
{
Δq = | |+| 2 | . q
q0 r + Ar }
∆ q0 A .∆r 0,97 × 10−19
∆ q=| || | |
q0
+ 2
r + Ar
q∆ q=
6,84 × 10
−19
+ ¿∆ q=0.30× 10−19 C|
Δq o
RE = x 100 %
qo

0,30 x 10−19 C
ℜ= x 100 %
6,71 x 10−19 C

ℜ=4.48 % (2AB)

PR=|6,7 ±0,3| x 10−19C

 Ch. q ( x 10−19 C ) Δq RE (%) PR
1 6,71 0,30 4,48 |6,7 ± 0,3| x 10−19C
2 5,14 0,57 11,08 |5,1 ± 0,6| x 10−19C
3 9,17 0,45 4,91 |9,2 ± 0,5| x 10−19C
4 8,45 0,39 4,62 |8,5 ± 0,4| x 10−19C
5 8,05 0,38 4,72 |8,1 ± 0,4| x 10−19C

Muatan Elementer Elektron

a. Jumlah Elektron :

q
n= e

6,71× 10−19
n=
1,602×10−19

= 4,1885 x 10 -19 C

b. Muatan Elementer Elektron secara praktikum :

q
e= n

6,71× 10−19
e=
4,1885 ×10−19

= 1,6020 x 10 -19 C

c. Rata-rata Muatan Elementer Elektron :

e1 + e2 + e3 +e 4 +e 5
é =
5
 é=¿

1, 6020 ×10−19+1,2271 ×10−19+2,1 8 93 ×10−19+2,0174 × 10−19 +1 ,9219 ×10−19

5

= 1,79154 x 10 -19 C

Tetesan Minyak n (q/e) n e (q/n)

1 4,1885 x 10 -19 C 4 1,6020 x 10 -19C

2 3,2084 x 10 -19C 3 1,2271 x 10 -19C
3 5,7240 x 10 -19C 6 2,1893 x 10 -19C
4 5,2746 x 10 -19C 5 2,0174 x 10 -19C
5 5,0250 x 10 -19C 5 1,9219 x 10 -19C

d. %diff :

e prak −e teori
%diff =
|( |
e prak+ e teori
2 )
× 100 %

1,79154 x 10−19−1,602 x 10−19

%diff =
|( 1,79154 x 10−19 +1,602 x 10−19
2 ) |
×100 %

%diff =2,79265899326 %
=3%
C. Discussion

CHAPTER V CLOSING
A. Conclusion

B. Suggestion

REFERENCE