SEGWAY

INTRODUCTION

The Segway PT is a two-wheeled, self-balancing, battery-powered electric

vehicle invented by Dean Kamen. It is produced by Segway Inc. of New
Hampshire. The name Segway is derived from the word segue, meaningsmooth
transition. PT is an abbreviation for personal transporter.

electric motors in the base of the Segway PT keep the device upright when
powered on. The rider commands the to go forward or backward by shifting their
switch forward or backward to press back direction switch. It drives its wheels
forward or backward as needed to return its pitch to upright. In the process, the
rider establishes and then maintains a desired speed by modulating the extent and
duration of their fore/aft weight shifts. To turn and steer, the rider shifts the
handlebar to the left or right. In our concept speeds of the wheels is constant in
turning directions we move only one wheel motion means we get Arbor right turn
we move the right hand motor switch forward and get right hand we operate the
left hand motor switch. and, if not traveling forward or backward, stop the moving
switch.. At speed, the amount of shift of the handlebar corresponds to the amount
of left or right lean required by the rider to balance themselves on the platform
during a turn.

Segway can reach a speed of 30 rpm

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HISTORY

The Segway was known by the names Ginger and IT before it was

unveiled.Ginger came out of the first product that used Kamen's balancing
technology, the iBOT wheelchair. During development at the University of
Plymouth, in conjunction with BAE Systems and Sumitomo Precision Products,
the iBot was nicknamed Fred Upstairs (after Fred Astaire) because it can climb
stairs: hence the name Ginger, after Astaire's regular film partner, Ginger Rogers,
for a successor product.

The invention, development, and financing of the Segway was the subject of a
narrative nonfiction book, Code Name Ginger(in paperback as Reinventing the
Wheel), by journalist Steve Kemper. The leak of information from that book led to
speculation about the "IT" device prior to release. The speculation created an
unexpected advance buzz about the product that was, at times, hyperbolic. Steve
Jobs was quoted as saying that it was though later sources quoted him as saying
when first introduced to the product that its design

The product was unveiled 3 December 2001, in Bryant Park, the privately
managed public park located in the New York Cityborough of Manhattan, on
the ABC News morning program Good Morning America.

TECHNOLOGY

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The dynamics of the Segway are similar to a classic control problem, the inverted
pendulum. The Segway is an initialism for personal transporter while the old
suffix HT was an initialism for human transporter has electric motors powered
byValence Technology phosphate-based lithium-ion batteries, which can be
charged from household current. It balances with the help of dual computers that
run proprietary software, two tilt sensors, and five gyroscopic sensors developed
by BAE Systems' Advanced Technology Centre. The servo drive motors rotate the
wheels forwards or backwards as needed for balance or propulsion. The rider
controls forward and backward movement by leaning the Segway relative to the
combined center of mass of the rider and Segway, by holding the control bar closer
to or farther from their body. The Segway detects the change in the balance point,
and adjusts the speed at which it is balancing the rider accordingly. On older
models, steering is controlled by a twist grip on the left handlebar, which simply
varies the speeds between the two motors, rotating the Segway (a decrease in the
speed of the left wheel would turn the Segway to the left). Newer models enable
the use of tilting the handle bar to steer.

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3. CONSTRUCTION

BASIC PARTS

1. FRAME:

The frame is of material 40C8. The frame of our vehicle is basically

divided into two parts.

1 Lower part

1. Lower part

Lower part of frame is basically used to support the components

mounted on it. Two motors, Axle, Link, Vertical shaft, Bearing are mounted on

lower frame.

2. MOTORS:

In our robot, we used 2 D.C. motors. 2 motor of them are mounted on

the lower frame. These motors are directly connected to main D.C power supply.

1. Lower Drive Motor:

This all motor is mounted on the lower frame and used to drive the all wheel

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3. WHEELS:

Our vehicleis wheeler, two wheel drive. These four wheels are

mounted on D.C. motor. Wheels are made up of rubber.

9. BEARINGS:

In our design we use two types of bearings.

1. Ball bearings:

Ball bearings are used for vertical shafts.

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CHAPTER 5

DESIGN

In our attempt to design a, we have adopted a very careful approach.

Total design work has been divided into two parts mainly,

1. System Design

2. Mechanical Design

System design mainly concern with the various physical concerns and

ergonomics, space requirements, arrangements of various components on the main

frame of machine, number of controls, positions of this controls, ease of

maintenance, scope of further improvements, height of machine components from

the ground etc. In mechanical design, the components are categorized into two

parts.

1. Design Parts

2. Parts to be purchased

For design parts, detailed design is done and dimensions thus obtained

are compared to next highest dimensions which are readily available in the market.

This simplifies the assembly as well as post production servicing work. The

various tolerances on work pieces are specified in the manufacturing drawing. The

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process sheets are prepared and passed on to the manufacturing stage. The parts are

to be purchased directly are specified and selected from standard catalogues.

3.1 DESIGN OF CHASSIS:

For chassis design refer Fig 3.1,

Let us assume that,

Weight of a person=60kg,

Weight of chassis & other accessories=40kg,

Therefore,

Total weight of the vehicle=100kg …….. (Assuming)

Force =W x g

=100 x 9.81

=981N

There are 4 key points as shown in the figure where total weight acts. So,
considering load is distributed equally at the each point i.e. on each each link.

Force acting on each link(F1)= 981/4

F1 = 245.25N

Let,

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L1=Length of link 1=910mm

So, Bending Moment (M) for link 1 is given by,

M =F1 x L1

=245.25 x (910/1000)

=223.17 N-m

We are using MS angle over MS flat cause MS angle has comparatively high
stenght in twisting & bending than MS flat.

So, Selecting MS angle of (22 x 22 x 2) mm dimension.

Calculating Moment of Inertia for MS angle (I),

IG= (bd3/12)

σpermissible= (Sut/Nf)= (650 / 2) = 325 N/mm2

Fig 3.2 Cross – section of chassis

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IG1= (22 x 23)/12 =14.666mm4

IG2= (203 x 2)/12 =1333.33mm4

y=C.G. of the system= (A1y1+ A2y2)/( A1+ A2)

y= [{(22 x 2) x 2} + {(20 x 2) x 10}] / {(20 x 2) + (22 x 2)}

y= 15.76mm

Now, IP= Moment of Inertia about parallel axis.

= ( IG+Ah2)

So,

IP1= ( IG1+A1 h12)

= 14.666 + {44 x (21-15.76)2}

=1222.80 mm4

IP2= ( IG2+A2 h22)

= 1333.33 + {40 x (15.76 - 10)2}

=2660.434 mm4

So, Moment of inertia (I),

I= IP1 + IP2

= 1222.80 + 2660.434

I = 3883.234 mm4

We know that,

(M/I)= (σ/y)
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σactual= (M x y)/ I

= (223.17 x 103 x 15.76) / 3883.234

= 90.572 N/mm2

As, σactual < σpermissible

Design is safe.

3.2. SHAFT DESIGN:

Total Force acting on chassis = 981N

As, power is transmitted to rear axle only the force acting on chassis is equally
distributed into rear tires.

RA= RB =981/2 = 490.5 N

Now, considering F.B.D. of tyre,

Fig 3.3 Cross – section of shaft

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Where,µ=Frictional force = 0.33

RN= Normal Reaction.

F1=µ x RN

=0.33 x 490.5

=161.865 N

For 2 rear wheels Resultant force,

F R= 2 x F 1

= 2 x 161.865

= 323.73 N

Torque transmitted (T),

T= FR x r

=323 x (300/2000)

T=48.45 N-m

Maximum Torsional shear stress (τmax):

For shaft we are selecting C45 material.

So, for C45

Syt=Yield strength of shaft material= 330 N/mm2,

Sut=Tensile strength of shaft material= 60 N/mm2,

According to A.S.M.E. code,

(τmax)= 0.18 Sut = 0.18 x 600 = 108 N/mm2

OR
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= 0.3 Syt = 0.3 x 330 = 99 N/mm2

τmax = 99 N/mm2 (Selecting minimum value),

so,

τmax = 99 x 0.75

= 74.25 N/mm2

Now,

(τmax / R)= (T / J)

Where, τmax = maximum torsional shear stress, N/mm2

R= Radius of shaft, mm

T =Torque transmitted, N/mm2

J = Polar moment of Inertia, mm4

So, substituting values we get,

(74.25 / [d/2])= ([48.45 x 103] / [πd4/32])

d3=3330.1430

d= 14.933mm

So, for safety we are selecting the shaft diameter d= 20mm.

As, Intermediate shaft also had to transmit same torque & also its length is smaller
than that of rear shaft. We are selecting same material & Same Diameter of shaft
20mm.

3.3.SELECTION OF BEARING:
As load acting on bearing consist of two components Radial & Thrust.

So we have used single row deep groove bearing. This bearing has high load
carrying capacity & suitable for high running speed.

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Table No. 3.1 Selection of bearing

Principle Dimension Basic load rating in N Designation

d D B C Co

20 47 14 1000 655 6204

[5]

Where,

d = Inner diameter of bearing in mm

D = Outer diameter of bearing in mm

B = Axial width of bearing in mm

C = Dynamic load capacity in N

Co = Static load capacity in N

Now, P0 = X0 For + Y0 Foa

OR

= For

Where, P0=equivalent static load, N

For = Static radial load, N

Foa = Static thrust load, N

For Single row deep groove ball bearing,

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X0 =Static radial factor=0.6

Y0 = Static thrust factor=0.5

Substituting the values we get,

P0=245.25N

As, C0 > P0

Design is safe.

l = 22.86 mm

B = 30 mm

5.2 DESIGN OF UPPER MOTOR

Let the torque on one side of the arm = Ta, Nm

We require 30 rpm motor.

Ta = 9.81 x 330 x 10-3

= 3.2373 Nm

Total Torque, T = 2 x Ta

= 2 x 3.2373

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= 6.4746 Nm

2πNT

P = -------------

60

2π x 60 x 6.4746

P = ------------------------ Watt

60

P = 40.68 W

P = 0.0545 hp

40 w, 30rpm D.C. motor is available in the market. So we have selected this

standard motor.

CHAPTER 6

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PROCESS SHEET

PART NAME: BEARING MOUNTER-1

Part weight – 1 kg

Part material – M.S

Part quantity – 2

Part size – 50 x 150 x 160 mm.

Sr. No. Operation Machine Tool Time

1 Cutting the material as per our Power Hacksaw 10 min

required size. Hacksaw Blade

2 Drilling 10mm hole Lathe Drilling Bit 10 min

machine 10mm
3 Make Φ42mm Lathe Boring tool 15 min

machine

PART NAME: BEARING MOUNTER-2

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Part weight – 1 kg

Part material – M.S

Part quantity – 4

Part size – 60 x 10 x 60 mm.

Sr. No. Operation Machine Tool Time

1 Cutting the material as per our Power Hacksaw 10 min

required size. Hacksaw Blade

2 Drilling 10mm hole Lathe Drilling Bit 10 min

machine 10mm
3 Make Φ35mm Lathe Boring tool 15 min

machine

PART NAME: BUSH ( WHEEL SUPPORTER )

Part material – M.S

Part quantity – 4

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Part size – Φ24 x 125 mm.

Sr. No. Operation Machine Tool Time

1 Cutting the material as per Power Hacksaw 10 min

our required size. Hacksaw Blade

2 Drilling at center 20mm Lathe Drilling Bit 10 in

hole machine 20mm

PART NAME: LOWER FRAME

Part material – M.S

Part quantity – 1

Part size –

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1. Upper Part - 450 x 300 x 30mm

Sr. No. Operation Machine Tool Time

1 Cutting the material as per Power Hacksaw 40 min

our required size. Hacksaw Blade

2 Welding of a frame Arc Welding 40 min

welding holder

PART NAME: LINK 3

Part weight – 1 kg

Part material – M.S

Part quantity – 4

Part size – 30 x 300x 3mm.

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Sr. No. Operation Machine Tool Time

1 Cutting the material as per Gas cutter Gas nozzle 10 min

our required size. machine

2 Drilling 10 mm hole Lathe Drilling Bit 10 min

machine 10mm

CHAPTER 7

USED MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

The materials used in this project are detailed as follows

 FERROUS MATERIALS

A ) Mild steel – EN – 4 to EN – 6

Carbon – 0.15% to 0.35%

Tensile strength –1200/1420MPA

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Yield strength – 750/1170 MPA

B) C30 Carbon – 0.25% to 0.35%

Tensile strength – 620 MPA

Yield strength – 400 MPA

Izod Impact Value – 55 Nm

% Minimum Elongation – 21

Typical composition –– Carbon – 0.25% to 0.35%

Manganese – 0.60% to 0.90%

BHN – 207

C30 material is generally used for cold formed levers, hardened and

tempered tie rods, Cables, Sprockets, Hubs and Bushes –Steel Tubes.

C) 40C8 Carbon – 0.25% to 0.35%

Tensile strength – 620 MPA

Yield strength – 400 MPA

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Izod Impact Value – 55 Nm

 NON METALLIC MATERIALS

The non-metallic materials are used in engineering practice due to

their low density, low cost, flexibility, resistance to heat and electricity. Though

there are many non-metallic materials, important materials used in our project are

listed below:

A) PLASTIC (NYLON): Tensile strength – 82 N/mm2

Compressive strength – 35 N/mm2

Yield strength – 8500 psi

Rockwell Hardness Number – R112-120

The plastics are synthetic materials which are moulded into shape

under pressure with or without the application of heat. These can also be cast,

rolled, extruded, laminated, and machined. Following are the two types of plastics;

(a) Thermosetting plastics

(b) Thermoplastics.

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The thermosetting plastics are those which are formed into shape

under heat and pressure is applied, it becomes hard by a chemical change known as

phenol formaldehyde(Bakelite), phenol-furfural(Durite), urea-

formaldehyde(Plaskon), etc.

The thermoplastic materials do not become hard with the application

of heat and pressure and no chemical change occurs. They remain soft at elevated

temperatures until they are hardened by cooling. These can be remelted repeatedly

by successive application of heat. Some of the common thermoplastics are

cellulose nitrate (Celluloid), polythene, NYLON, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl

chloride(P.V.C.), etc.

The plastics are extremely resistant to corrosion and have high

dimensional stability. They are mostly used in manufacture of aero plane and

automobile parts. They are also used for making safety glasses, laminated link,

pulleys, self lubricating bearings, etc. due to their resilience and strength.

2. RUBBER :

It is one of the most important natural plastics. It resists

abrasion, heat, strong alkalies, and fairly strong acids. Soft rubber is used for

electrical insulations. It is also used for power transmission belting, being applied
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to woven cotton as a base. The hard rubber is used for piping and as lining for

pickling tanks.

CHAPTER 8

ADVANTAGES

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CHAPTER 9

DISADVANTAGES

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CHAPTER 10

APPLICATIONS

Uses

Segway demonstration video

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Two tourists on a Segway tour in Florence, Italy

Segways perform best in areas with adequate sidewalks, curb cuts at intersections,

and ramps. They are used in some theme parks by visitors and employees. Angel
Island State Park, in San Francisco Bay in California, offers Segway tours, but
prohibits personal Segways except as needed by disabled visitors. The special
police forces trained to protect the public during the 2008 Summer Olympics used
the Segway for mobility. Though a Segway-focused organization, Disability Rights
Advocates for Technology, advocates for Segway PT sidewalk and facility access
as an ADAissue, Segways cannot be marketed in the US as medical devices: they
have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a medical device
andJohnson & Johnson claims exclusive rights to the medical uses of the balancing
technology found in the iBOT and Segway. Dean Kamen sold the medical rights to
the technology of the iBOT, a very stable and mobile powered wheelchair, to
Johnson & Johnson. A version of the Segway i2 is being marketed to the
emergency medical services community. Equipped with light bars and a variety of
hard and soft cases, it is sealed against wet conditions, and rated for 24 miles (39
kilometres) per charge.

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Use and regulation by country

Asia

 Bahrain: On Amwaj Islands, a group of artificial man-made islands off the

coast ofMuharraq, Segways are available for short term hire.
 China: Police have begun using Segways to patrol certain public areas, such
as Tian'anmen square. Police also use them in Beijing International Airport.
Hong Kong: Hong Kong International Airport are using many battery powered
motorized vehicles in airport terminal indoor area. The security contractors are
using Segway PT to patrol airport terminal indoor restricted areas. The cleaning
contractors are using powered tricycles to patrol. The luggage trolley
contractors are using two wheeled powered tractors to assist their pulling of
about 30 trolleys tied together forming a trolley train.
 India: The Segway was introduced in 2010 and has sold around 250 units as
of 2014. They are introduced at Ambience complexes in south Delhi and
Gurgaon, the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, at many golf courses
and to promote tourism at places like Kankaria Lake, Ahmedabad. Their
growth is limited due to cost, high customs and a lack of infrastructure.
 Israel: In 2006, the Segway was approved for use on sidewalks and other
pedestrian designated locations, and on roads without sidewalks, with
obstructed sidewalks or sidewalks that lack curb cuts. The user must be over 16
years old. No license is required. The maximum allowed speed is 13.5 km/h
(8.4 mph), enforced by electronic restriction put in place by the importer.
Companies offering tours of Jerusalem use the second generation i2 model,
equipped with Lean Steer Technology. In 2009 the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo was

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the first in the world to offer Segway guided tours in the zoo. Malaysia: On
Penang island and in Malacca, Segways are available for short term hire.
 Japan: In a court, Segway was classified as a motorcycle, owing to the
power output; however, there is no report of registration. Segway Japan, an
authorized dealer, sells Segways only to corporations to use in facilities.
 Singapore: Segways were introduced to Changi Airport, initially for workers
who collect baggage carts but are widely utilised by customer service and
security employees. Sentosa island has a Segway rental allowing use around the
island or in a small circuit.
 Bangladesh: As part of modernization drive that government initiated couple
of years back, Bangladeshi Police has started to patrol the roads with Segway
Electric Vehicles. Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) has already received the
first batch of Segways and has showed off in Pahela Baishakh while providing
security in Ramna. DMP’s modernization drive includes acquisition of
indigenous drones, Mobile Command Center, portable sniping zone and now
Segway electric vehicles.
 Philippines: Iloilo City's tourist destination, the riverside Iloilo Esplanade is
patrolled by Philippine National Police with segways. Iloilo City Government
financed the segways.
Europe

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Segway in Germany. They are equipped with a red light and a license plate.

Ambulance Segway PT is used by the small private rescue service Trans

Hospitalfrom Řevnice, Czech Republic, since 2014. It is intended for use at
festivals, concerts and similar events.

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The Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic enforces the interpretation that
Segway PTs fall under pedestrian status. This road sign forbids Segways but
allows "normal" pedestrians.

Segways are used in Europe, but mainly in niche markets (such as guided city
tours); they are not commonly used as a means of transportation. Their use on
public streets is allowed in most countries, but often with restrictions. A few
countries require vehicle insurance and a license plate.

 Åland islands: A law revision by the Government of Åland concerning

"small electrically powered vehicles" means the Segway and all other mainly
one person electrical vehicles have been classified as bicycles since March 14,
2012.

 Austria: The type i2 is (with 63 cm) narrower than 80 cm and slow enough
to be legally an (electric) bicycle and therefore has to use cycle-lanes and
-paths, otherwise street lanes. The type x2 reaches with its bigger wheels 84 cm
width and is therefore an electric vehicle, that needs a license and insurance.
Neither type may use sidewalks (lengthwise) or pedestrian zones (unless
exemption stated). By 2015 one gets Segways for rent at least in Vienna (in
the Prater amusement park and elsewhere), in Graz (since July
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2013),Linz and Fiss. At least 2 Segways with one blue flashing light are used
by police in Vienna .

 Croatia: Use of a Segway is allowed within city limits wherever pedestrian

and bicycles are allowed, i.e., sidewalks, bicycle paths, parks, etc. Segways can
be rented for city tours in cities of Zagreb, Split and Dubrovnik.

 Czech Republic: Legal status of Segway is controversial and unclear. The

Ministry of Transport enforces the interpretation that a rider on the Segway is
considered as a pedestrian (with reference to the legal definition of a pedestrian
which mentions "persons on skis, rollerskates or other similar sport
equipment"). The device is quite ineligible to fulfil requirements for vehicles
according to the ministry. The central Prague district Praha 1 and the city
of Prague, supported by some of transport experts as Petr Moos, strongly
oppose this interpretation. The ministry is preparing a legal change which
would mention PT Segway and skateboards explicitly in the definition of a
pedestrian (which should cover also unicycles and roller shoes implicitly). The
city of Prague proposed to bring PT transporter to the act as a quite new and
special category of road traffic vehicles/participants.
Owners and operators of rental Segway transporters are associated in the
"Asociace Segway ČRall their rental shops are in the centre of Prague. In
October 2012, this association prescribed rules for its members which contain a
list of prohibited hazardous frequented localities. Some other operators are not
associated and don't respect the rules. On 15 September 2014 Praha 1 placed to
the Kampa park the first Czech road signs which prohibits entrance of
Segways. The sign consists from the sign "No entrance for pedestrians" with an
additional text sign "JEN ZAŘÍZENÍ SEGWAY" (only Segway devices).

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These signs were criticized by media and by the Ministry of Transport as

confusing and incomprehensible. Segways are used by municipal police corps
in several cities as Prague, Plzeň, Olomouc, Karlovy Vary, Znojmoand Slaný.
Since 2014, ambulance Segway is used by the private rescue service Trans
Hospital.

 Denmark: the Segway is classified as a moped (knallert). As such, vehicles

must be fitted with lights, license plates and mechanical brakes, the Segway is
effectively banned from public roads. A trial where the Segway would be
classified as a bicycle has been announced running from June 1, 2010 to April
1, 2011. The trial was extended to December 1, 2011, and later to the end of
2014.

 Finland: Segways are classified as low-power mopeds and therefore require

license plates, effectively banning the use on public roads. On March 31, 2015,
The Ministry of Transport and Communications of Finland started progress to
propose changes to law to allow Segways under 25 km/h on sidewalks and
reclassifying them as bicycles. Like bicycles, Segways would be required to
include safety reflectors and a bell to alarm pedestrians and the driver is
required to wear a bicycle helmet.

 France: Segways, also named "gyropode", are equivalent to pedestrians and

obey the same rules and laws. Tours
of Paris, Nice, Marseille, Bordeaux, Montpellier, Strasbourg and many others
are offered on a daily basis.

 Germany: Use of a Segway PT i2 is generally allowed on bicycle paths and

public roads within city limits since July 25, 2009. Outside city limits, the

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Segway may not be used on federal motorways, federal highways, state roads,

anddistrict roads. Bicycle lanes must be used if present. Riding a Segway
on sidewalks and in pedestrian zones for city tours requires a special permit.
The Segway is classified as an "electronic mobility aid", a new class of vehicle
defined specifically for the Segway PT. Segways used on public roads must be
equipped with front and rear lighting, reflectors, a bell, and an insurance plate.
The driver must have procured a vehicle insurance and hold at least an M
type (moped) license.

 Ireland: Segways are permitted in most public places. A Segway tour of

the Phoenix Park is available. They are permitted in certain areas on bicycle
paths around Dublin and Cork. The Airport Police Service stationed at Dublin
Airport use the Segway i2 police patroller model. In 2011, a private tour
operator started a City of Dublin Segway Tour. In October 2012 the Garda
Siochana began using two examples in the Grafton Street area, funded by the
Dublin Business Community.

 Italy: Use of a Segway is allowed within city limits wherever pedestrians or

bicycles are allowed, i.e., sidewalks, bicycle paths, parks, etc.

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Lithuanian policeman on segway in Vilnius

 Lithuania: Policemen in Vilnius, Kaunas and Palanga use segways to patrol.

Also segways are available to rent for tourists in Vilnius.

 Luxembourg: Segways are legal on bicycle trails and roads. They are the
equivalent toelectrical bikes and obey the same rules and laws. Tours
of Luxembourg city, Remich,Rumelange and Schengen are offered on a daily
basis.

 Malta: Policemen have started testing Segways on patrol in Valletta.

Informed sources said the Malta Police are considering the purchase of a
number of Segways fitted for police work, including a siren and space for radio
and other equipment.

 Netherlands: In April 2008, the Dutch Government announced that it would

ease the ban it had imposed in January 2007 that made it illegal to use a
Segway on public roads in the Netherlands. Until recently, a tolerance policy
was in place due to the inability of the authorities to classify the Segway as a
vehicle. However, certain handicapped people, primarily heart and lung
patients, are allowed to use the Segway, but only on the pavement (US:
sidewalk). From 1 July 2008, anyone over the age of 16 is permitted to use a
Segway on Dutch roads but users need to buy custom insurance. Amsterdam
police officers are testing the Segway. In Rotterdam the Segway is used
regularly by police officers and city watches.

 Norway: Because of the top speed of 20 km/h, the Segway is classified as

a moped in Norway. Prior to 2014, there were requirements for registration,

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insurance, age limit, drivers licenses and helmets to operate a Segway in the
country. Therefore, Segways were not originally able to be used legally on
public or private roads or on private property in Norway. Segways became
legal in Norway on July 1, 2014 on all public roads for ages 16 and older
without requiring registration or insurance.

 Poland: Has been on hire in some towns and cities such as Warsaw, Kraków
and Krynica for use on public roads and pavements.

 Portugal: Segways are legal on public paths from age 18 (and below, when
accompanied by adults) as an equivalent to pedestrian traffic and are used by
many local police forces (Polícia Municipal),   for beach patrolling. They are
also used (rented) by tour operators across the country, and by shopping
security guards.

A Segway PT tour in Stockholm led by a guide.

 Sweden: It was unlawful to use a Segway on any public road or pavement in

Sweden until 18 December 2008 when the Segway was re-classified as a cykel
klass II (class 2 bicycle). Segways are popular in Stockholm where tours are led
through the streets by Segway guides with modified PTs and courses are set out
at sites such as the Royal Haga park. On 1 October 2010 the Segway and
similar one person electrical vehicles were re-classified as bicycles.

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 Switzerland: The Segway is classified as a light motorcycle. Only the PT i2

has been approved for use in Switzerland. The PT i2 may be used on roads
provided that it is equipped with a Swiss Road Kit and a license plate. The
Swiss Road Kit has front and back lighting, a battery source, and a license plate
holder. Use on sidewalks and pedestrian zones is prohibited. An exception is
made for handicapped individuals, who must obtain in advance a special
authorization from the Swiss Federal Roads Office. The Segway PT i180 may
also be registered for use on specific request. However, the PT i180 must be
equipped with a left/right turn indicator system before it may be admitted for
road use.

 United Kingdom: Distributed in the UK by Segway-UK, the Segway is

classified as a powered vehicle and subject to Road Traffic law — with the
effect that, because the Segway is deemed not to meet required safety
standards, it is unlawful to use a Segway anywhere other than on private
property with the owner's permission. While in opposition in 2008,
theConservatives and Liberal Democrats lobbied the Labour Government to
change the law to allow Segways to use public cycle lanes. In July 2010, a man
was charged under the Highway Act 1835 in Barnsley for riding his Segway on
the pavement, and was prosecuted and fined £75 in January 2011. His
conviction was upheld by the High Court on appeal.
North America
Canada
Restrictions on motorized vehicle use are set by provinces individually. In Alberta,
Segways cannot be driven on public roads including sidewalks abutting public
roads. Segways cannot be driven on city-owned bicycle paths in Calgary.Segways

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are allowed on private land with the landowner's permission. (Some malls allow
their use. In British Columbia, Segways cannot legally be operated on B.C. roads
or on sidewalks because they cannot be licensed or insured as a vehicle in B.C. In
Ontario, the Ministry of Transportation started a pilot program allowing Segways
to be used by people 14 years or older with a disability, Canada Post door-to-door
delivery personnel, and police officers. It was originally planned to end on October
19, 2011, but was extended by two years, and then extended again an additional
five years (to October 19, 2018), due to limited participation. Prior to the end of
the pilot program, the Ministry of Transportation will assess the data and
information gathered from the pilot decide whether to allow Segways and how to
legislate them.

Guided Segway tour in Washington, D.C.

United States

The company has challenged bans and sought exemption from sidewalk
restrictions in over 30 states. The Segway PT has been banned from use
on sidewalks and in public transportation in a few municipalities, often because it
is not classified as a device used for medical purposes. Advocacy groups for
pedestrians and the blind in the US have been critical of Segway PT use: America
Walks and the American Council of the Blind oppose allowing people, even those
with disabilities, to drive the Segway PT on sidewalks and have actively lobbied
against any such legislation. Today, Segways are allowed on sidewalks in most

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states, though local municipalities may forbid them. Many states also allow them
on bicycle lanes or on roads with speed limits of up to 25 mph.

In 2011, the U.S. government Department of Justice—amending regulations that

implement title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)—ruled that the
Segway is an "other power-driven mobility device" and its use must be permitted
unless the covered entity can demonstrate that users cannot operate the class of
devices in accordance with legitimate safety requirements.

Segs4Vets is a nonprofit organization that provide Segway PTs to the men and
women of the United States military whose service in Operations Iraqi
Freedom and Enduring Freedom resulted in permanent disability and difficulty
walking.

San Francisco

In November 2002, before it was widely available, the city of San Francisco
banned the Segway PT from sidewalks citing safety concerns. However, a number
of Segway Tour operations use them in cycle lanes and designated trails.

Washington, D.C.

In September 2010, Dr. Mary Pat McKay, a professor of emergency medicine and
public health at George Washington University, issued a statement that injuries
from the transporters were becoming both more common and more serious.
McKay's case review in the Annals of Emergency Medicine noted 41 Segway
injuries between April 2005 and November 2008 among GWU emergency room
patients. The District of Columbia categorizes Segways as a "personal mobility
device" which means Segway users follow D.C.'s bicycle laws, which do not
require Segway users to wear helmets and other protective gear. Users are unable
to wear headphones with the exception of hearing aids or other devices that only

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require the use of one ear. Accidents have continued to occur in the District of
Columbia, including a June 2012 incident involving a Dallas, Texas high school
student who lost control of his Segway after fainting during a commercially
operated Segway tour. Pursuant to the District's Code, Segways are prohibited on
sidewalks within the Central Business District—bounded by 23rd Street NW to the
west, Massachusetts Avenue to the north, Second Street NE to the east, and D
Street to the south—unless operated by a person with a disability.

Disney

In February 2004, Disney banned Segway PTs from its theme parks, stating they
had not been approved by the FDA as medical devices. In the same month, Disney
began offering Segway tours of its Epcot theme park. In early August 2007, Disney
began offering a similar guided tour in its Disney California Adventure Park park
in California.

Mexico

In Mexico there is no regulation that limits Segway use in public spaces.

Dominican Republic

The devices are used on group ecotours in the area south of Punta Cana.

Oceania

In Australia laws are determined at the state & territory level, each differing in
their adoption of the Australian Road Rules. It is generally illegal to use the two-
wheeled electric transporters in public places and on roads throughout Australia.

In the Australian Capital Territory, use of Segways is illegal on roads and other

public places, but, as of June 2012, was permitted around Canberra’s Lake Burley

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Griffin and other tourist attractions, subject to training, safety equipment and speed
limit requirements.

In New South Wales, the Segway has been confirmed by the Roads and Traffic
Authority as being illegal on both roads and footpaths. "In simple terms, riders are
way too exposed to mix with general traffic on a road and too fast, heavy and
consequently dangerous to other users on footpaths or cycle paths."Although this
does not render them totally illegal (they may still, for example, be used on private
property), their uses are limited enough that they are not sold to the general public.

In Queensland, the use of the Segway became legal on the 1st of August 2013.
Queensland transport Minister Scott Emerson noted that it makes sense for
Segways to be allowed on public paths across Queensland, given users wear
helmets.

In Western Australia, the law enables Electric Personal Transporters (EPT)

(Segways) to be used as part of a supervised commercial tour, being run by an
operator that holds the appropriate approvals. You may use an EPT on private
property. Tour operators should approach the Local Authority where they wish to
operate the tour. Local authorities have ultimate responsibility for approving tour
operators within their respective areas.

In New Zealand the Segway PT is classed as a mobility device, in the same

category as a mobility segway scooter or electric wheelchair. Mobility Devices
must be ridden on footpaths where possible, at a speed that does not endanger
others, and give way to pedestrians. This ruling might not be consistently applied:
in 2011, police in Taupo in New Zealand's North Island had to stop using Segways
because there is no separate vehicle classification that applies to them, requiring
their registration as roadworthy in the same manner as cars.

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CHAPTER 11

COST ESTIMATION

11.1 COST OF MATERIAL:

Sr.No Part Name Weight Rate/kg Total Cost

1 Shaft 3 kg 60
2 Bush 0.5 kg 60
3 Bearing Mounter plate 0.5 kg 60
4 Motor Mounter plate 1 kg 60
5 Slider Bush 0.2 kg 60
5 Frame 5kg 60
7 Movable plate 0.5 kg 50
Rs.

11.2 COST OF MACHINING:

Sr.No Part Time Rate/hr Total Cost

1 Power Hacksaw 100 min 360 -------- /-

2 Lathe m/c 85 min 360 ------------- /-

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3 Drilling m/c 10 min 120 ----------/-

4 Welding m/c 180 min 200 --------/-

Rs. ------------- /-

11.3 COST OF STANDARD PARTS:

Sr.No Part Quantity Rate/unit Total Cost

1 D.C. Gear Motor
3 Trust bearing
7 battery
8 Wheel
9 Nut and bolt
2 4550
4 175
1 840
4 400
20 1
Rs.

11.4 OTHER COST:

Sr. No Details Total Cost

1 Painting 150
2 Transport 300
3 Other/overhead 700

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Rs. 1150
11.5 TOTAL PROJECT COST:

Cost of material + Cost of machining + Cost of std. part + other Cost

= ----------- + ---------- + --------- + -----------

= ------------/-

Total project cost = Rs. -------------------/-

CHAPTER 13.

CONCLUSION

While concluding this part, we fill quite contended in having

completed the project assignment well on time. We had enormous practical

experience on the manufacturing schedules of the working project model. We are

therefore, happy to state that the inculcation of mechanical aptitude proved to be a

very useful purpose. We are as such overwhelmingly elated in the arriving at the

targeted mission.

Undoubtedly the joint venture has had all the merits of interest and

zeal shown by all of us the credit goes to the healthy co-ordination of our batch

colleague in bringing out a resourceful fulfillment of our assignment described by

the university.

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Although the design criterion imposed challenging problems which

however were welcome by us due to availability of good reference books. The

selection of choice of raw materials helped us in machining of the various

components to very close tolerances and thereby minimizing the level of wear and

tear.

In this report, we developed a branch and bound approach which is

coupled with quick, effective bounds to optimize the movement of a vehiclewhich

serves the material handling requirement within a manufacturing cell.

The design of control architecture was an important aspect of study

because a strong interaction between the many different parts was needed. We

know that the vehicledeveloped by us cannot be directly used on the factory floor

because of some limitations. But we have provided the option for working of the

vehicleas the compressed air from compressor which is readily available in the

factory with low running cost.. So we are satisfied with our project.

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CHAPTER 14.

REFERENCES

1. Design of Machine Elements by Prof. V.B.Bhandari.

2. P.S.B. Design Data Book.

3. Theory of Machines by Thomas Beven.

4. Theory of Machines by J.E.Shigley.

5. Theory Of Machines by P.L.Ballaney.

6. Machine design - Khurmi Gupta

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CHAPTER 15.

ASSEMBLY DRAWING

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CHAPTER 16.

PHOTO GALLERY

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