Practical Research 2

(Quantitative Research)
Yusay, Rojielynne T. 12 Aquinas
Lesson 1
Activity No. 1
On October 9, 2019, during a hearing on the Department of Agriculture's
proposed budget, Hon. Sen. Cynthia Villar was vehement in her criticism of the
department. Inquirer.net reports that “The chair of the Senate committee on agriculture,
food, and agrarian reform was particularly concerned by what she perceived to be the
DA's disproportionate focus on research, notably the P150 million — or 12.5 percent —
of its P1.2 billion projected budget for the National Corn Program.”
As Hon. Sen. Cynthia Villar remarked throughout the hearing, “Bakit lahat ng
budget puro research? Baliw na baliw kayo sa research. Aanhin n’yo ba ’yung
research? “Ako matalino akong tao pero hindi ko maintindihan yung research n’yo, lalo
na ’yung farmer. Gusto ba nung farmer ’yung research? Hindi ba gusto nila tulungan
n’yo sila?”
What’s the purpose of research? That was a confusing question to ask.
Agriculture is, first and foremost, a science, and its practice, in order to be
successful and sustainable, must be based on facts, data, and scientific observation,
which can only be achieved through further research.
If she were a farmer, Hon. Sen. Cynthia Villar said she would like to be given
machinery and seeds rather than research.
It is unfortunate that we have to break it to her that research is an integral part of
the agriculture industry if it wants to continue moving forward.
Before, President Corazon Aquino established the Philippine Rice Research
Institute in 1985, a long time after similar rice research institutes in Asia. The Philippine
Carabao Institute, which opened in 1992, is another notable research center. The
Philippine Rubber Research Institute was established by law in 2010, but it has a long
way to go before it becomes operational.
Meanwhile, there is no specific research institute for coconut, the world's greatest
crop in terms of land area and agricultural export. The average production per tree is
35-45 nuts, which is around a third or fourth of its potential, indicating long-term neglect.
It has also given rise to a large poverty population.
Agriculture research offers significant benefits to society. The social return was
estimated at 48 percent per year for research, according to the International Food Policy
Research Institute.
 Agricultural research has shown to be beneficial in raising farm production,
improving product quality, lowering costs, and generating spillovers in manufacturing
and services. The generation of jobs that results is one of the outcomes of inclusive
growth. A long-term research agenda is unquestionably required for the country.
There are various studies available for Hon. Sen. Cynthia Villar that will help her
understand the value of research.
On the other hand, one of the Hon. Sen. Cynthia Villar assertions does make
some logic. Perhaps what she meant by "Aanhin niyo ba yung research?" was that
while research is available, it does not reach the farmers.
When it comes to improving and enhancing the agriculture industry, research is
essential. However, the government must ensure that the research's findings help
farmers and the agricultural economy as a whole. It must also guarantee that the
findings of any research are adequately disseminated to and understood by farmers.
 Practical Research 2
(Quantitative Research)
Yusay, Rojielynne T. 12 Aquinas

Activity No. 2

1. How important is research in Agriculture? Health? Education? Social Services?

In each and every field, research is important since it leads to new discoveries,
inventions, innovations, and developments that helps to improve that specific field.

2. How does the Philippines compare with other countries in terms of investment in
research and development? Compare the economy of the Top 10 countries with the highest
Research and Development spending to our country?

When comparing the Philippines to other countries in terms of research and

development investments, it is clear that the Philippines does not spend nearly as much
as the United States, China, and Japan, the top three countries on the list that take the
largest percentage of global share from the United States (26.4 percent), China (20.6
percent), and Japan (9.5 percent).
The top ten countries that devote the most of their Economy to research and
development are:
#1 South Korea4.3%
#2 Israel4.2%
#3 Japan3.4%
#4 Switzerland3.2%
#5 Finland3.2%
#6 Austria3.1%
#7 Sweden3.1%
#8 Denmark2.9%
#9 Germany2.9%
#10 United States2.7%
 The countries on that list have a very affluent and advanced economy, and they
spend or invest a lot of money on research and development. In comparison to the
Philippines, the Philippines does not invest as much in research and development, and
others dispute the value of research...

3. What is your knowledge about writing a research paper? Can you share your
experiences with research and the outputs you produced? If you don’t have any experience,
what is research?
The importance of research ethics was one of the knowledges I acquired while
writing a research paper. It fosters research goals such as knowledge expansion. It
believes in values like mutual respect and fairness, which are essential for collaborative
work. Because scientific research relies on collaboration between researchers and
groups, this is vital. It implies that researchers can be held responsible for their acts.
Many researchers are funded by the government, and regulations governing conflicts of
interest, misconduct, and human or animal research are important to guarantee that
funds are spent wisely. It ensures that research can be trusted by the general
population. People must believe in research in order to support and fund it. It upholds
essential social and moral values like the ethic of non-harming others.
When I do quantitative research, I go through the process of collecting and
analyzing numerical data. I utilized it to seek for patterns and averages, make
predictions, examine causal relationships, and extrapolate results to bigger groups. That
is why writing a research paper, especially a quantitative one, is challenging. Since,
quantitative data is all about cold, hard facts. This type of study is totally data-driven and
significantly more focused than qualitative studies. Because this method of data
collection is so rigid and regimented, testing and experiments must be conducted in a
tightly controlled environment. Measurements are exact and presented as graphs and
tables rather than narratives, with a very little margin for error. Quantitative research is
heavily reliant on numbers and statistics, and even surveys and interviews are
frequently assigned numerical values depending on responses.
 Practical Research 2
(Quantitative Research)
Yusay, Rojielynne T. 12 Aquinas
Activity No. 3
A. Characteristics of Quantitative Research
1. Objective
2. Large Sample Size
3. Structured Research Methods/Instruments
4. Highly Reliable Outcome
5. Reusable Outcome
6. Close-ended questions
7. Numerical Outcome/Data
8. Generalization of Outcome
9. Presents data in tables, graphs, or figures
10. Faster Data Analysis
11. Replicable
12. Uses tools
B. Strength and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

Strengths Weaknesses

- Quantitative research can be - It lacks the necessary data to

replicated or repeated.
- Findings are generalizable to the
population.
- Numerical and quantifiable data
can be used to predicts outcomes.
- Fast data analysis using statical
software.
- Fast and easy data gathering.
- It is objective.
- Validity and reliability can be
established.
explore a problem or concept in
depth.
- It does not provide comprehensive
explanation of human experiences.
- Some information cannot be
described by numerical data such
as feelings and beliefs.
- The participants are limited to
choose only from given responses.
- The respondents may tend to
provide inaccurate responses.
- A large sample size makes data
collection more costly.
 Practical Research 2
(Quantitative Research)
Yusay, Rojielynne T. 12 Aquinas
Activity No. 4

KINDS DESCRIPTION

1. Descriptive Research It is research that concerned with

2. Correlational Research
3. Evaluation Research
4. Survey Research
describing the nature, characteristic and
components of the population or
phenomena. No manipulation of variables
or search for cause and effect related to
the phenomenon.
Example: A research that aims to know
how many hours SHS students spend in
social media, the number of students who
failed the achievement test, and how
healthy is the food served during recess in
public schools.
Is the systematic investigation of nature of
relationships, or associations between and
among variables without necessarily
investigating into casual reasons
underlying them. Concerned with the
extent of relationship that exist between
and among the variables.
Example: If pre-board examination results
can be used to predict performance in the
Licensure Examination for Teachers
(LET), then the higher the pre-board
examination grade, the higher most likely
be the score in the LET.
It is research that aims to assess the
effects, impacts, or outcomes of practices,
policies or programs. Provides a means to
judge actions and activities in terms of
values, criteria, and standards.
Example: Assessing the implementation
of nursing care in a hospital and
determining the impact of a new treatment
procedure for patients.
It is used to gather information from

5. Casual Comparative Research
6. Experimental Research
groups of people. It is cross-sectional if the
information is collected from a sample in
just single point in time. Longitudinal if the
information is collected from a sample over
a period of time.
Example: In cross-sectional, population
control practices of unmarried couple. In
longitudinal, growth of rice yield in the
country.
It is research that derives conclusion from
observations and manifestations that
already occurred in the past and now
compared to some dependent variables.
Discusses why and how phenomenon
occurs.
Example: A research on how weight
influence stress-coping level of adults.
A collection of research designs which use
manipulation and controlled testing to
understand casual processes. Has a
control group, the subjects have been
randomly assigned between the groups,
and the researcher only test one effect at a
time.
Example: A teacher want to know if a new
teaching strategy is effective or not so he
teaches one section using the strategy,
then an achievement test was given to two
sections.
 Practical Research 2
(Quantitative Research)
Yusay, Rojielynne T. 12 Aquinas
Lesson 2
Activity No. 1
FIELD IMPORTANCE
Quantitative research is important in the
ANTHROPOLOGY field of anthropology because as the world
evolves, more research is needed to
comprehend the changes and develop
human biological and physiological
features. Many discoveries in this field like
human behavior in the society, racial
conflicts, and human evolution have given
enormous contributions to the
improvement of human life.
In the field of medicine, quantitative
MEDICINE research is important since it gives ways
for analyzing systems and complex work
processes. It also includes techniques for
developing and implementing new altered
work processes or subsystems in medical
field.
In the field of education quantitative
EDUCATION research is important since it gives
numerical data that can be used to confirm
or reject a hypothesis, and it engages in
the science and practice of educational
measurement and evaluation, particularly
the development and use of
methodologies guided by teaching and
learning statistics.
Quantitative research is involved with the
ENGINEERING finding and methodical conceptual
structuring of knowledge, that’s why
quantitative research is important in the
field of engineering. Since engineers
develop, design, produce or construct, and
operate devices, structures, machines,
and systems of economic and societal
value.
In the field of sociology, quantitative
SOCIOLOGY research is important since the goal of
quantitative research is to gain a better
understanding of the social world.
Quantitative methods are used by
researchers to observe conditions or
events that have an impact on people.
This yields objective data that can be
expressed effectively using statistics and
numbers.
 Practical Research 2
(Quantitative Research)
Yusay, Rojielynne T. 12 Aquinas
Lesson 2
Activity No. 2

On 31 December, 2019, the World Health Organization’s district level office in

Wuhan, China received reports of a cluster of individuals with a pneumonic fever of
unknown etiology that spread like a wild fire. Within ten days, WHO identified the
infectious agent as an RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family (named after the
virus’s crown-like outer structure: “corona” means “crown” in Latin) and close relative of
the viruses that caused the SARS outbreak in 200-04 and the Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in 2012.
This one, on the other hand, was brand new. This virus had never seen human
from animal host in this case, bats through the acquisition of additional mutations. This
virus official known as SARS-CoV2 and colloquially known as the novel coronavirus
produces COVID-19, a completely new respiratory disease.
That is the crux of the issue. We now have an “enemy” that we cannot see and
whom we know little. How do we combat such a foe? The only way to do so is to study
and understand more about it – what it wants, how it survives, and where it flaws are.
And it is here that science and researchers come into play.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how crucial it is to develop a scientific
temperament and spread scientific culture in order to combat a pandemic of this
magnitude. The knowledge gained in this way can assist us in grasping the
fundamentals of the disease process, allowing to make progress in treating and
avoiding it.
In the year since we first discovered this contagious virus, scientists and
researchers from all across the world have formed an almost unofficial alliance. They’ve
been working at breakneck pace to identify and target different components of the virus
in the hopes of restricting the infection, slowing its spread, and finally developing a
COVID-19 cure.
When confronted with a worldwide crisis, human race can do incredible things at
incredible speeds. This poster focuses on how basic research has led to significant
discoveries that have led to a better understanding of how the virus spreads from one
person to another, how it attaches to cell, how it replicates, how it differs from the other
viruses, and how these findings could lead to the development of novel therapeutics or
preventive strategies against this disease.
 Practical Research 2
(Quantitative Research)
Yusay, Rojielynne T. 12 Aquinas
Activity No. 2
1. Two groups of students were tested to compare their speed working math problems.
Each group was given the same problems. One group used calculators. What is the
controlled variable in the scenario? Define Control Variables.

In a research study, a control variable is any variable that is held constant.

The controlled variable in the given problem was a constant variable, and that
was the same math problems. It’s not a variable interest in the study, but it’s
controlled because it could influence the results. Since both groups were given
the same set of math problems to solve, they were able to compare their results.

2. Mary Grace is experimenting to determine whether the amount of time a person

spends reading affects their NAT score. After a few of the subjects come to the lab
and read for a certain amount of time, one of Mary Grace’s lamps burns out and
therefore makes the lab much darker for the rest of the subjects. What type of
variable is the amount of light? What will happen to the study if Mary Grace did
not address the light?

The amount of light is an extraneous variable. Since it is a variable that

Mary Grace did not investigate, it has the potential to influence the study's
results. If Mary Grace did not address the light and it went uncontrolled, the
study's conclusions about the relationship between the independent and
dependent variables could be incorrect.

3. A café owner decided to calculate how much revenue he gained from lattes each
month. What type of variable would the amount of revenue gained from lattes be?
Why did you say so?

Continuous variable. Since, the amount of revenue gained from lattes is a

variable that changes throughout time. As continuous variable is one for which
any value is possible within the variable ranges.

4. In economics, quality of life, business confidence, morale, happiness, and

conservatism are all variables that cannot be measured directly. What type of
variable are they? Why did you say so?
 They're called latent variables since they're variables that can't be
measured directly. A variable that isn't visible. However, the presence of latent
variables can be detected by their effects that are observable.