Data and Computer Communication

- Networking Principles -

By
P.H.S.S. Wijayarathna
M.Sc, M.Sc, B.Sc, MBCS, MCSSL
(AIT - Thai) (Pera - SL) (Kel - SL) (BCS - UK) (CS - SL)
Department of Information and Communication Technology
University of Vocational Technology
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

What is mean by communication

Communication is an exchange of information in between
two or more parties for satisfying the required conditions,
conformation of thing or rule
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Main requirements for the communication

There are few basic requirements have to satisfied for a
successful communication such as
• There should be two or more parties
• There should be a communication medium which connects the
parties involved (air, wire, light)
• The use of common grands (language, action, symbol)
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Methods of communication
There are several ways of doing communication such as
• signal
• colour light
• talking
• sign boards
• report writing
• lecturing
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data communication
In data communication,
• data means the information in the machine readable
form
• used stored information in one computer must be
transferred to another one and stored there
• for transferring data we use singles
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

There are two basic types of signals

• Digital signals
in digital signals we used 0 and 1 or charged or discharged
(why we use 0 and 1 for digital transmission)
• Analog signals
in analog signals we used frequency, rotations, pulls per
second etc.
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data communication
Requirements of data communication,
• at least two devices are ready to communicate
• a transmission medium
• a set of rules and procedure for proper communication (Protocol)
• standard data representation
• transmission of bits either Serial or Parallel
• bit Synchronization using Start/Stop bits in case of Asynchronous
transmission
• in Synchronous transmission the agreed pattern of flag
• signal encoding rules viz. NRZ or RZ
• and other higher layer protocol
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Methods of communication data

 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Methods of communication data

There are three communication types
1. Simplex
2. Half – Duplex (Duplex)
3. Full Duplex
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Simplex

Sender Receiver

Data is travelling only one direction - Sender to

receiver
Ex. Television, Radio
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Half – Duplex (Duplex)

Sender Receiver

Data is travelling only one direction at a given time

Ex. walky-talky
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Full – Duplex

Sender Receiver

Data can be travelling in both direction at the given

time
Ex. Telephone system
Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Transmission Medias
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Transmission Medias
We need data transmission medias for connect the two parties or two
computers who are involving the communication
Commonly used transmission medias are,
• Two – wire open line
• Twisted pair cables
• Coaxial cables
• Fiber Optic cables
• Microwave
• Radio signals
• Infrared
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Transmission Medias
Two – wire open line
• This is the simplest type of transmission media, in such line
there is a pair of wires
• this type of media is not used for typical data transmission,
because it can be carry signals by very short distance
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Transmission Medias
Two – wire open line
•this can be charged by electrically or magnetically
• they are normally used inside the computer for
interconnect various internal sub systems
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Transmission Medias
Twisted pair cables
The least expensive and widely used transmission medium
Pair of wires are twisted each other
• There are two types of twisted pair cables
• UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair
• STP – Shielded Twisted Pair
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -
• UTP
Unshielded twisted pair
• easy work and easy to install
• east expensive among all transmission
medias
• subject to external electromagnetic
interference
• subject to interfere near by twisted pair
and noise generated in the environment
• STP
Shielded twisted pair
• difficult work and install than the UTP
• more expensive than UTP
• provide better performance and higher
data rates than UTP
• less interference than UTP