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Definition of Terms – GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

20. The capacity of soil to adhere to other objects. It is estimated at
1. It is the distribution in the particle size of the soil.
moisture content that displays maximum adherence between thumb and
a. Separation b. Erosion c. Gradation d. Compaction
forefinger.
2. It is used to determine the grain size distribution of coarse-grained a. cohesion b. adhesion c. stickiness d. plasticity
soil.
21. Degree a soil can be molded or reworked causing permanent
a. Hydrometer Analysis c. Sieve Analysis
deformation without rupturing.
b. Size Particle Analysis d. Soil Analysis
a. cohesion b. adhesion c. stickiness d. plasticity
3. Is the test used to determine the grain size distribution of the soils
22. Are the limits of water content used to define soil behavior.
passing the No. 200 sieve.
a. Atterberg’s Limits c. Liquid limits
a. Hydrometer Analysis c. Sieve Analysis
b. Plastic limits d. Shrinkage Limits
b. Size Particle Analysis d. Soil Analysis
23. Is defined as the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a
4. It is based on Stokes’ law, which relates the terminal velocity of a free-
liquid material and begins to flow.
falling sphere in a liquid to its diameter.
a. Atterberg’s Limits c. Liquid limit
a. Hydrometer Analysis c. Sieve Analysis
b. Plastic limit d. Shrinkage Limit
b. Size Particle Analysis d. Soil Analysis
24. Is defined as the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a
5. Is defined as the ratio between the grain diameter (in millimeters)
plastic material. It is also defined as the moisture content at which the soil
corresponding to 60 percent passing on the curve (D60) divided by the
crumbles when rolled into a thread of 3.18 mm in diameter.
diameter of the 10 percent (D10) passing.
a. Atterberg’s Limits b. Liquid limit
a. Coefficient of Uniformity c. Coefficient of Gradation
c. Plastic limit d. Shrinkage Limit
b. Coefficient of Curvature d. Effective Coefficient
25. Is defined as the moisture content at which no further volume change
6. Is the grain size corresponding to 10 percent passing on a grain-size
occurs with further reduction in moisture content.
distribution curve.
a. Atterberg’s Limits c. Liquid limit
a. Terzaghi’s Effective Size c. Hazen’s Effective Size
b. Plastic limit d. Shrinkage Limit
b. Atterberg’s Effective Size d. Casagande’s Effective Size
26. Is the difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit of a soil.
7. It is defined as the ratio between the square of the grain diameter (in
a. Liquidity Index c. Plasticity Index
millimeter) corresponding to 30 percent passing on the curve (D30)
b. Consistency Index d. Shrinkage Index
divided by the product of the grain diameter of the 60 percent (D60)
passing and the grain diameter of the 10 percent (D10) passing. 27. Was originally proposed by the a Highway Research Board’s
a. Coefficient of Uniformity c. Coefficient of Gradation Committee on Classification of Materials for Subgrades and Granular
b. Coefficient of Fineness d. Effective Coefficient Type Road. According to the present form of the system, soil can be
classified according to eight major groups, A-1 through A-8, based on the
8. The ratio of the volume of void space to the volume of solid
grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity indices.
substance.
a. AASHTO System c. USCS System
a. Porosity c. Void Ratio
b. USDA System d. MIT System
b. Air Space d. Degree of Saturation
28. Is a soil classification system used in engineering and geology to
9. The ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of the soil sample or
describe the texture and grain size of a soil. The classification system can
specimen. It is simply the open space between the soil grains.
be applied to most unconsolidated materials, and is represented by a
a. Porosity c. Void Ratio
two-letter symbol.
b. Air Space d. Degree of Saturation
a. AASHTO System c. USCS System
10. The ratio of the volume of water in the void spaces to the volume of b. USDA System d. MIT System
the voids. It is simply the measure of the void volume that is filled by
29. It is also called as Textural classification system
water, expressed as a percentage ranging from 0 to 100.
a. AASHTO System c. USCS System
a. Porosity c. Void Ratio
b. USDA System d. MIT System
b. Air Space d. Degree of Saturation
30. Is the densification of soil by removal of air, which requires
11. Is also known as total, wet or moist unit weight. It is the total weight
mechanical energy.
divided by the total volume
a. Cohesion b. Compression c. Consolidation d. Compaction
a. Saturated unit weight c. Bulk unit weight
b. Submerged unit weight d. Effective unit weight 31. The moisture content at which the maximum dry unit weight of soil is
attained.
12. Is the bulk unit weight of a soil when it is 100 percent saturated.
a. maximum moisture content c. optimum moisture content
a. Saturated unit weight c. Bulk unit weight
c. minimum moisture content d. average moisture content
b. Submerged unit weight d. Effective unit weight
32. It is a technique for in situ densification of thick layers of loose
13. It tells us how many times the soil grain is heavier than water.
granular soil deposits.
a. Density of soil c. Specific gravity of soil
a. sand cone method c. nuclear method
b. Unit weight of soil d. Unit mass of soil
c. rubber balloon method d. vibroflotation
14. Is the ratio of the difference between the void ratios of a cohesionless
33. It is also called coefficient of permeability.
soil in its loosest state and existing natural state to the difference
a. hydraulic seepage c. hydraulic conductivity
between its void ratio in the loosest and densest states.
c. coefficient of flow d. coefficient of percolation
a. Relative density c. Density index
b. a and b d. none of these 34. The coefficient of permeability of soil depends on
a. fluid viscosity and pore size distribution
15. Provides a means of describing the degree and kind of cohesion and
b. grain size distribution and degree of saturation
adhesion between the soil particles as related to the resistance of the soil
c. roughness of soil particles and degree of saturation
to deform or rupture.
d. all of these
a.Soil Consistence b. Soil Firmness c.Soil Stability d.Soil index
35. Is a line along which water particle will travel from upstream to the
16. Is a field measure of the ability of the soil to withstand an applied
downstream side in the permeable soil medium.
stress or pressure as applied using the thumb and forefinger.
a. Flow line c. Equipotential Line
a. Rupture Resistance c. Soil Resistance
b. Energy Line d. Seepage Line
b. Soil Stability d. Soil Consistency
36. A line along which the potential head at all points are equal.
17. Is defined as the relative ease with which a soil can be deformed. use
a. Equiflow line c. Equipotential Line
the terms of soft, firm, or hard.
b. Energy Line d. Datum Line
a. Rupture Resistance c. Soil Resistance
b. Soil Stability d. Soil Consistency 37. Are constructed to calculate the groundwater flow in the media that
combine flow line and equipotential lines.
18. Is the attraction of one water molecule to another resulting from
a. Flow Nets b. Flow Media c. Flow Indices d. Flow Curves
hydrogen bonding (water-water bond).
a. cohesion b. adhesion c. stickiness d. plasticity 38. The sum of the vertical components of the forces developed at the
points of contact of the solid particles per unit cross sectional area of the
19. It involves the attraction of a water molecule to a non-water molecule
soil mass.
(water-solid bond).
a. Total Stress c. Partial Stress
a. cohesion b. adhesion c. stickiness d. plasticity
b. Effective Stress d. Maximum Stress

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39. Caused by the elastic deformation of dry soil and of moist and a. Toe Circle b. Slope Circle
saturated soils without any change in the moisture content. c. Mid-point Circle d. Concentric Circle
a. Immediate settlement
56. It is the failure circle in the case of base failure
b. Primary consolidation settlement
a. Toe Circle b. Slope Circle
c. Secondary consolidation settlement
c. Mid-point Circle d. Concentric Circle
d. Tertiary Consolidation settlement
57. It is a method for analyzing the stability of a slope in two dimensions.
40. The result of volume change in saturated cohesive soils because of
The sliding mass above the failure surface is divided into a number of
the expulsion of water that occupies the void spaces.
slices. The forces acting on each slice are obtained by considering the
a. Immediate settlement
mechanical equilibrium for the slices.
b. Primary consolidation settlement
a. Method of Slices b. Bishop’s Simplified Method of Slices
c. Secondary consolidation settlement
c. Sarma Method d. Lorimer’s Method
d. Tertiary Consolidation settlement
41. The result of the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics. 58. It is a method for calculating the stability of slopes. It is an extension
a. Immediate settlement of the Method of Slices. By making some simplifying assumptions, the
b. Primary consolidation settlement problem becomes statically determinate and suitable for hand
c. Secondary consolidation settlement calculations where the forces on the sides of each slice are horizontal.
d. Tertiary Consolidation Settlement a. Darcy ‘s Method b. Bishop’s Simplified Method of Slices
c. Sarma Method d. Lorimer’s Method
42. Ratio of preconsolidation pressure to present effective overburden
pressure. 59. It is a Limit equilibrium technique used to assess the stability of
a. Overconsoldation ratio c. Overburden ratio slopes under seismic conditions. It may also be used for static conditions
b. Oversettlement ratio d. Overstress ratio if the value of the horizontal load is taken as zero. The method can
analyse a wide range of slope failures as it may accommodate a multi-
43. The internal resistance per unit area of the soil mass to resist failure wedge failure mechanism and therefore it is not restricted to planar or
and sliding along any plane. circular failure surfaces. It may provide information about the factor of
a. Shear strength c. Effective strength safety or about the critical acceleration required to cause collapse.
c. Bearing strength d. Normal strength a. Method of Slices b. Bishop’s Simplified Method of Slices
44. It is approximately a straight line on a semi logarithmic plot as shown c. Sarma Method d. Lorimer’s Method
in a consolidation characteristics of normally consolidated clay of low to 60. It is a technique for evaluating slope stability in cohesive soils. It
medium sensitivity, it occurred when slope is equal to Cc. differs from Bishop's Method in that it uses a clothoid slip surface in place
a. Virgin Consolidation Curve of a circle. This mode of failure was determined experimentally to account
b.Consolidation Curve for Remolded Spqecimen for effects of particle cementation.
c. Laboratory Consolidation Curve a. Method of Slices b. Michalowki’s Solution
d. NOTA c. Sarma Method d. Lorimer’s Method
45. Generally decreases as the liquid limit of soil increases and its range 61. It uses the kinematic approach of limit analysis similar to ordinary
of variation is rather wide. methods of slices.
a. Coefficient of Consolidation b. Coefficient of pre-consolidation a. Method of Slices b. Michalowki’s Solution
c. Secondary compression index d. Swell Index c. Sarma Method d. Lorimer’s Method
46. It is another way to accelerate the consolidation settlement of soft, 62. The process of identifying the layers of deposits that underlie a
normally consolidated clay layers and achieve precompression before proposed structure and their physical characteristics.
foundation construction. It is constructed by drilling holes through the clay a. Geological exploration b. Subsurface Exploration
layers in the field at irregular intervals. c. Surface Exploration d. Geotechnical Exploration
a. French Drain b. Sand Drain c. American Drain d. NOTA
63. It is the simplest method of making exploratory boreholes which can
47. It is also known as a sub-drain, a perforated pipe designed to pull use two hand tools.
excessive water from soil and away from areas such as house a. Auger Boring b. Wash Boring
foundations. c. Rotary Drilling d. Percussion Drilling
a. French Drain b. Sand Drain c. American Drain d. NOTA
64. It is another method of advancing boreholes which uses a casing
48. It is one of the most reliable methods available for determining the about 2-3m long driven into the ground. The soil inside the casing is then
shear strength parameters. It is used widely for both research and removed using a chopping bit attached to a drilling rod.
conventional testing. a. Auger Boring b. Wash Boring
a. Direct Shear Test b. Triaxial Shear Test c. Rotary Drilling d. Percussion Drilling
c. Consolidated-drained Test d. Consolidated-undrained Test
65. It is a procedure by which rapidly rotating drilling bits attached to the
49. It is the oldest and simplest form of shear test arrangement. The test bottom of drilling rods cut and grind the soil and advance the borehole. It
equipment consist of a metal shear box in which the soil specimen is can be used in clay, sand, and rocks.
placed. a. Auger Boring b. Wash Boring
a. Direct Shear Test b. Triaxial Shear Test c. Rotary Drilling d. Percussion Drilling
c. Consolidated-drained Test d. Consolidated-undrained Test
50. An exposed ground surface that stands at an angle with the 66. it is an alternative method of advancing a borehole, particularly
horizontal. It is slope that can either be natural or constructed. through hard soil and rock. It also required casing.
a. restrained slope b. slope failure a. Auger Boring b. Wash Boring
c. unrestrained slope d. infinite slope c. Rotary Drilling d. Percussion Drilling

51. It is an analysis which involves determining and comparing the shear 67. It can be used in the field to obtain soil samples that are generally
stress developed along the most likely rupture surface with shera disturbed but still representative. It consists of a steel driving shoe, a
strength of the soil. steel tube that is split longitudinally in half, and a coupling at the top..
a. Slope Stability Analysis b. Director Shear Analysis a. Safety Hammer b. Donut Hammer
c. Mohr Coulumb Theorem d. NOTA c. spring Core Catcher d. Split-Spoon Sampler

52. It is a type of failure occurs in a such a way that the surface of sliding 68. It is device placed inside the split spoon to ease the sample recovery
passes at a distance below the toe of the slope. when the material encountered in the field is fine sand below the water
a. Slope failure b. Base Failure surface.
c. Circular Failure d. critical Failure a. Safety Hammer b. Donut Hammer
c. Spring Core Catcher d. Extensometer
53. It is a type of failure occurs in a such a way that the surface of sliding
intersects the slope or above its toe. 69. They are sometimes called as Shelby tubes. Which are made of
a. Slope failure b. Base Failure seamless steel tube and are commonly used to obtain undisturbed clayey
c. Circular Failure d. critical Failure soil
a. Aluminium Tube b. Steel Tube c. Thin Wall Tubes d. Piezometer
54. It is the failure circle in the case of slope and occurred when it passes
through the toe of the slope. 70. It is a versatile sounding method that can be used to determine the
a. Toe Circle b. Slope Circle material in a soil profile and estimate their engineering properties.
c. Mid-point Circle d. Concentric Circle a. Cone Penetration Test b. Dutch Cone Penetration Test
c. Static Penetration Test d. All of the Above
55. It is the failure circle in the case of slope circle and occurred when it
passes above the toe of the slope.

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71. It is an in situ test conducted in a borehole. It was originally a. Steel Pile b. Concrete Pile
developed by Menard to measure the strength and deformability of soil. c. Timber Pile d. Composite Pile
a. Pressuremeter Test (PMT) b. Dilatometer Test (DMT)
89. It is type of retaining wall which are constructed with plain concrete
c. Cone Penetration Test (CPT) d. NOTA
or stone masonry. They depend on their own weight and ay soil resting
72. It is the ratio of effective horizontal stress to the vertical stress. on the masonry for stability and it is not economicsl for high walls.
a. Coefficient of Earth Pressure at rest a. Gravity Retaining Wall b. Semi-Gravity retaining Wall
b. Coefficient of Dynamic Earth Pressure. c. Cantilever Retaining Wall d. Counterfort Retaining Wall
c. Coefficient of Dynamic Viscosity
90. They are made up of reinforced concrete that consist of a thin stem
d. Coefficient of Rankine’s Active Pressure
and a base slab. This type of wall is economical to a height about 8m.
73. It refers to the condition in which every point in a soil mass is on the a. Gravity Retaining Wall b. Semi-Gravity retaining Wall
verge of failure. c. Cantilever Retaining Wall d. Counterfort Retaining Wall
a. Plastic Equilibrium b. Elastic Equilibrium
91. It is similar to Cantilever Retaining Wall, its purpose is to reduce the
c. Dynamic Equilibrium d. Static Equilibrium
shear and the bending moments.
74. It is the pressure that soil exerts against a structure in a sideways, a. Gravity Retaining Wall b. Semi-Gravity retaining Wall
mainly horizontal direction. The common applications of its theory are for c. Cantilever Retaining Wall d. Counterfort Retaining Wall
the design of ground engineering structures such as retaining
92. They are called as geotextiles
walls, basements, tunnels, and to determine the friction on the sides
a. Metal Strip b. Biodegardable Fabrics
of deep foundations.
c. Non-Biodegradable Fabrics d. Geogrids
a. Allowable pressure b. Lateral Earth Presssure
c. Effective Pressure d. Ultimate Pressure 93. They are high-modulus polymer material such as polypropylene and
polyethylene and are prepared by tensile drawing.
75. The state occurs when a soil mass is allowed to relax or move
a. Metal Strip b. Biodegardable Fabrics
outward to the point of reaching the limiting strength of the soil; that is,
c. Non-Biodegradable Fabrics d. Geogrids
the soil is at the failure condition in extension. Thus it is the minimum
lateral soil pressure that may be exerted. 94. It is defined as the ratio of the unconfined compression strength in
a. Active State b. Passive State c. Equilibrium State d. NOTA undisturbed state to that in a remolded state.
a. degree of saturation b. degree of freedom
76. The state occurs when a soil mass is externally forced to the limiting
c. degree of sensitivity d. degree of compressibility
strength (that is, failure) of the soil in compression. It is the maximum
lateral soil pressure that may be exerted. 95. Which of the following are the solutions developed in the past for
a. Active State b. Passive State c. Equilibrium State d. NOTA stability analysis of simple slope with steady state seepage.
I. Bishop and Mongensterns’s Solution
77. It was developed in 1857, and is a stress field solution that predicts
II. Spencer’s Solution
active and passive earth pressure. It assumes that the soil is
III. Cousin’s Solution
cohesionless, the wall is frictionless, the soil-wall interface is vertical, the
IV. Michalowki’s Solution
failure surface on which the soil moves is planar, and the resultant force
is angled parallel to the backfill surface. a. I only b. I and II only
a. Rankine’s Theory b. Coulumb’s Theory c. II and III only d. All of the Above
c. Terzaghi’s Theory d. Big Bang Theory
96. It is another method of determining liquid limit that is popular in
78. A theory for active and passive earth pressure against the nretaining Europe and in Asia. In this test the liquid limit is defined as the moisture
wall. The proponent assumed that the failure surface is plane. The wall content at which a standard cone of apex angle 300 and weigh 0.78 N
friction was taken into consideration. It was presented last 1776. will penetrate a distance d=20 mm in 5 seconds when allowed to drop
a. Rankine’s Theory b. Coulumb’s Theory from a position of point contact with the soil surface.
c. Terzaghi’s Theory d. Big Bang Theory a. Fall Cone Test b. Standard Cone Test
c. British Standard Test d. Europe Cone Test
79.It is the lowest part of the structure and its function is to transfer the
load of the structure to the soil on which it is resting. 97. Which of the following are the typical properties of sand.
a. Excavation b. Foundation c. Column d. basement I. The grain-size distribution of the sand at any particular
location is surprisingly uniform.
80. It is simply an enlargement of a load bearing wall or column that
II. The general grain size decreases with distance from the
makes it possible to spread the load of the structure over the large area
source, because the wind carries the small characteristics
of the soil
small particles farther than the large one.
a. Spread Footing b. Mat Foundation
III. The relative density of sand deposited on the windward
c. Pile and Drilled Shaft Foundation d. Deep Foundation
side of dunes amy be as high as 50 to 65 %, decreasing to
81. They are used for heavier structures when great depth is required for about 0 to 15 % on the leeward side.
supporting the loads.
a. I only c. I and II Only
a. Spread Footing b. Mat Foundation
b. II and III only d. All of the Above
c. Pile and Drilled Shaft Foundation d. NOTA
98. These are the common types of rollers that are used for Field
82. It is a structural member made of concrete, timber, or steel that
Compaction.
transmit the load of the superstructure to the lower layers of the soil.
I. Smooth-wheel roller
a. Footing b. anchorage c. pile d. column
II. Pneumatic rubber-tired roller
83. He was the first to present a comprehensive theory for evaluating III. Sheepfoot Roller
the ultimate bearing capacity of rough shallow foundation. According to IV. Vibartory Roller
his theory the depth of the foundation is shallow if the depth of the
a. I, II, and III only c. II, III, and IV only
foundation is less than or equal to the width of the foundation.
b. I, II, and IV only d. All of the Above
a. Rankine b. Coulomb c. Terzaghi d. Meyorhof
99. Which of the following are the standard procedures used for
84. He proposed a correlation for the net allowable bearing pressure for
determining the field unit weight of compaction.
foundationwith the standard penetration resistance.
I. Sand Cone Method
a. Rankine b. Coulomb c. Terzaghi d. Meyorhof
II. Rubber Balloon Method
85. It is a type of foundation which is referred to as a raft foundation. It is III. Nuclear Method
a combined footing that may cover entire area under structure supporting IV. Falling Head Test
several columns and walls.
a. I only c. I and II only
a. Spread Footing b. Mat Foundation
b. I, II, and III only d. All of the Above
c. Pile and Drilled Shaft Foundation d. Deep Foundation
100. These are the regions found on the analysis of the variation
86. A type of pile which are generally either pipe piles or Rolled steel H-
hydraulic gradient.
Section piles.
I. Laminar Flow Zone
a. Steel Pile b. Concrete Pile c. Timber Pile d. Composite Pile
II. Transition Zone
87. A type of pile which are either precast pile or cast-in-situ piles. III. Turbulent Flow Zone
a. Steel Pile b. Concrete Pile c. Timber Pile d. Composite Pile IV. undisturbed flow zone
88. A type of pile which are tree trunks that have their branches and bark
a. I only c. I and II only
carefully trimmed off. The maximum length of this type of pile is 10 to 20
b. I, II, and III only d. All of the Above
m.

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