VIII.

BUILDING EXTERNAL RELATIONSHIP

INTERGOVERNMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
 DISCUSSION OUTLINE
What is Intergovernmental
Management
The elements of IGM
Scope of IGM
TODAY'S Federalism
What are Intergovernmental Relations
PRESENTATION (IGR)
Key features of Intergovernmental
Relations
Intergovernmental Mangement and
Intergovernmental Relations
What makes their duties/
scope/responsibilities interrelated?
 The process of solving
intergovernmental problems under
INTERGOVERNMENTAL

conditions of high uncertainty and

complexity through the creation and use
of governmental and non-governmental
networks.
MANAGEM

JAY M, SHAFRITZ
FRINGES OF IGM WERE (AGRANOFF, fundamental change in social
structure(s), basic power significant policy revisions
THE ELEMENTS PLACED AT THE

relationships, or fiscal or redirection in the

responsibilities. scope of service level(s)
of existing programs.
1986:1-2):

Realignment(s) in national-

regional-local relationships.

Structural change in
metropolitan governance.

Major intergovernmental shifts

in program or functional
activities.
PRIME PARTICIPANTS
LEADING ACTORSOR
They are the program/policy professionals
WHO ARE THE

first, followed closely by administrative

generalists, such as city managers and
IN IGM?
Provincial administrators. Some generalist
managers may be former program managers
who received their original training in a
specialized profession, such as engineering,
mental health, or social work.
WHAT JURISDICTIONAL

PARTICIPANTS IGM?
ENTITIES ARE THE
All governmental entities--national, state, and
local--are the structures within which IGM
FEATURED

functions. IGM encompasses more than units

of government (Agranoff, 1989). It includes:
(a) a significant degree of policy-making in

administration/management. and (b) the

prominent presence of private and/or non-
profit sectors in service delivery process(es).
VALUES TEND TO
WHAT GOALS OR
Lipsky (1980:40-48) identified thesources of
DOMINATE IGM? four conflicting goals within human service
programs:
(1) agency managers,
(2) program specialists,
(3) clients, and
(4) elected officials and general public
 Conflicts are resolved in the IGM arena
WHAT ARE THE MAIN

RESOLUTION IN IGM?
MEANS OF CONFLICT through bargaining, negotiation, dispute
resolution, informal personal linkages, and
"trust- building" (Jennings and Krane,
1994).When or where conflicts cannot be
resolved, the differences are endured,
tolerated, accommodated, or "coped with"
(Agranoff, 1986, 1989; Mandell, 1990). The
coping strategies may include referral of
issues or problems to the political arena for
change or conflict resolution.
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER

RELATIONSHIPS IN IGM?
Non-hierarchical networks or loosely-
coupled patterns of influence characterize
OF AUTHORITY IGM (Mandell, 1990). The interactions among
WHAT IS THE

IGM actors tend to occur on relatively level

playing fields. It is important to note,
however, that the interactions can assume
many different forms--sequential, reciprocal,
or collective (Alter and Hage,1993), and
mediated or unmediated (Mandell, 1990).
 FEDERALISM

• Federalism: A constitutional division of governmental power between a central or national government and
regional government units (e.g. States), with each having some independent authority over its citizens
• Original purpose was to prevent the concentration and misuse of power by a strong national government.
• States was viewed as a counterweight to the national government.
The United States
national government
inaugurated many new
activities and
programs that altered
the relatively
separated spheres of
national state
government functions,
commonly referred to
as “dual federalism”.
WHAT ARE INTERGOVERMENTAL RELATIONS
(IGR)?

The various combinations of

interdependencies and influences among
INTERGOVERMENTAL public officials—elected and administrative—in
RELATIONS all types and levels of governmental units, with

particular emphasis on financial, policy, and
political issues.
HORIZONTAL

Two types:
Relations among the provinces or
the states themselves,

VERTICAL
Relations between the central
government and the provinces or
states .
KEY FEATURES OF IGR

The ·The involvement

The individual ·IGR does not refer
consequences of of public and
actions and attitudes
only to occasional private,
IGR are often of elected and
interactions, single government and
unpredictable and appointed officials
contacts, or formal non-government,
decision-making determine what
agreements. officials at all
is hidden from kinds of relations

levels.
public view. exist between units
of government..

 ACTION IN THE
FEDERAL SYSTEM IS
ACTIONS OF IGR
OFTEN TAKEN ON
SELECTED PARTS OF
A GENERAL
PROBLEM RATHER
THAN ON THE TOTAL
PROBLEM AREA.
DECISIONS ARE
FRAGMENTED
RATHER THAN
COMPREHENSIVE.
 -Putting the provisions of the
Constitution into action
-Resolving conflicts between the
federal partners
-Adapting governing and policy
arrangements to changing
circumstances
-Fiscal/financial issues: sorting out
revenue and expenditure arrangements
-Negotiating fiscal transfers, typically
THE TASKS OF from the federal to provincial and
INTERGOVERNMEN regional governments
-Regulating intergovernmental
TAL RELATIONS: competition, policy overlap, policy
PRIMARY coordination

FUNCTIONS:
 An example of an IGR in the context of the
Philippines can be illustrated in the
implementation of the Bangsamoror Organic
Law (BOL) in the Bangsamoro Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).
 INTERGOVERNMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
The heart and soulof management is the
establishment of control over processes and
resources in orderto gain a predictable
productor outcome.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL
RELATIONS
All the activities and interactions occurring
between or among governmental units of all
types and levels within a government.

 4ps or Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is product of intergovernmental relations

because 2 or more govt agencies merge their resources to be able to implement it--
DSWD, LGU, Landbank for release of subsidy to family-recipients. in the course of
continuing the program throughout its timeframe, naturally problems occur, this is where
strategies and plans are conceived to provide solutions and that is management. the
agencies involved merge their resources (people, money, time, materials) to solve any
problems. e. g., How are recipients chosen? That's the work of DSWD because they are
the ones who know how to assess indigents... Where are they going to get recipients?
LGU steps in to identify the recipients and how to encourage citizens to cooperate in the
program. How is the subsidy distributed? That is under the Landbank of the Philippines to
create and give accounts to the recipients.
Catrina Ysabelle Emmanuelle Kate Mary Joy Loretcha
Lumampao Magpayo Reñevo

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