Session(1)

Inroduction To Matlab
Prepared by:
Eng. Ali Nasser
E-mail: eeng.ali@gmail.com

Eng.Ali Nasser
Prepared by :

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‫? ‪What is MATLAB‬‬
‫جاءت كلمة ماتالب ‪MATLAB‬من األحرف األولى للعبارة ‪Matrix‬‬
‫‪Laboratory‬أي مختبر المصفوفات‪ٌ ،‬حث تتعامل لغة ماتالب مع الثوابت‬
‫والمتحوالت كمصفوفات رٌاضٌة‪ ،‬وبنا ًء على ذلك العملٌات الرٌاضٌة‬
‫االفتراضٌة فً ماتالب هً عملٌات على مصفوفات‪ .‬مثالً‪a * b :‬هً عملٌة‬
‫‪Eng.Ali Nasser‬‬ ‫ضرب مصفوفتٌن األولى ‪a‬والثانٌة ‪b‬‬

‫قام بتأسٌس البرنامج شخصان‪ ,‬األول هو كلٌف مولر والثانً جاك لٌتل‬
‫كلٌف مولرهو إستاذ الرٌاضٌات وعلوم الحاسب ‪Computer Science In‬‬
‫‪the 1970’s‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫? ‪What is MATLAB‬‬
‫برنامج الماتالب هو برنامج هندسً ٌقوم بعملٌات تحلٌل وتمثٌل‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫البٌانات من خالل معالجة تلك البٌانات‬
‫ٌستطٌع البرنامج العمل فً جمٌع المجاالت الهندسٌة مثل أنظمة‬ ‫‪‬‬

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‫التحكم ‪Control System,‬وفً مجال المٌكانٌكا‬
‫‪Mechanical Field,‬وكذلك محاكة اإللكترونٌات‬
‫‪Electronics‬وصناعة السٌارات ‪Automotive‬‬
‫‪Industry,‬وكذلك مجال الطٌران والدفاع الجوي‬
‫‪Aerospace and Defense,‬والكثٌر من التطبٌقات‬
‫الهندسٌة‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫? ‪What is MATLAB‬‬
‫وحتى أؤكد للجمٌع ذلك‪ ,‬قامت شركة السٌارات المرموقة نٌسان‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪Nissan‬بتخفٌض وقت التطوٌر إلى ‪ %50‬عندما قامت‬
‫بإستبدال التصمٌم على األوراق ‪Paper Model Based‬‬

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‫‪Design‬إلى األداة المتطورة فً برنامج الماتالب وهو ‪Model‬‬
‫‪Based Design,‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
Why MATLAB?
Data Acquisition 4

 A framework for bringing live, measured data

into MATLAB using PC-compatible, plug-in data

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acquisition hardware

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 Why Matlab?
Graphing
 A Comprehensive array of plotting options

available from 2 to 4 dimensions

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 Full control of formatting, axes, and other
visual representational elements

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Why MATLAB?
Programming

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‫?‪Why MATLAB‬‬
‫‪SIMULINK‬‬ ‫برنامج المحاكة للماكٌنة وتشغٌله فى الصوره الواقعٌة‬

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‫‪8‬‬
Why MATLAB?

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Applications Using Matlab
‫ مقدمة فً الماتالب‬-1

Simulink ‫ مقدمة فً المحاكاة‬-2

Control System Using the Matlab ‫أنظمة التحكم بإستخدام الماتالب‬3-

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Signal Application Using Matlab ‫تطبٌقات األشارة بإستخدام الماتالب‬4-

Digital Signal Processing Using Matlab ‫عملٌات اإلشارة الرقمٌة بإستخدام الماتالب‬5-

Numerical Application Using Matlab ‫ النظرٌات الرٌاضٌة التقرٌبٌة بإستخدام الماتالب‬6-

Image Processing Applications Using Matlab ‫تطبٌقات معالجة الصور بإستخدام الماتالب‬7-

Radio Frequency Applications Using Matlab ‫تطبٌقات موجات الرادٌو بإستخدام الماتالب‬8-

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 ‫‪Applications Using Matlab‬‬
‫‪9-‬التطبٌقات المٌكانٌكٌة بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Mechanical Applications Using Matlab‬‬

‫‪10-‬تطبٌقات الرادار بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Radar Applications Using Matlab‬‬

‫‪11-‬تطبٌقات الروبوت بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Robots Applications Using Matlab‬‬

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‫‪12-‬التطبٌقات اإللكترونٌة بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Electronics Applications Using Matlab‬‬

‫‪13-‬تطبٌقات أشباه الموصالت بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Semiconductors Applications Using Matlab‬‬

‫‪ 14-‬التطبٌقات المستخدمة فً صناعة السٌارات بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Automotive Applications Using Matlab‬‬

‫‪ 15-‬التطبٌقات المستخدمة فً علوم الفضاء والدفاع الجوي بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Aerospace and Defense‬‬
‫‪Applications Using Matlab‬‬

‫‪16-‬تطبٌقات اإلتصاالت بإستخدام الماتالب ‪Communication‬‬

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‫‪Our mission‬‬
‫بأذن هللا الكورس هٌغطى المواضٌع االتٌة‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬مقدمة فً الماتالب‬

‫‪-2‬مقدمة فً البرمجة‪Eng.Ali Nasser‬‬

‫‪ -3‬مقدمة فً المحاكاة‬

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The Basic Matlab System

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MATLAB Development
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Environment & Basic Math
Functions

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Development Environment
• Run the matlab

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Development Environment

Variables
stores here

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Work Space
All commands,
programs runs from
here
All of ur previous
commands Command Window
stores here
History

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 ‫‪ .‬بعض الرموز شائعة االستخدام فى البرنامج‬

‫‪The Semicolon‬‬ ‫;‬

‫وهى توضع بعد كتابة اى شىء ال اريد ان البرنامج يرد عليه‬

‫بنتجية‬

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‫‪Typing %‬‬

‫هذه العالمة توضع بعد نهاية جمله ما لتعطى ‪ comment‬عن االتى من معادالت ما او شىء‬
‫اخر‬

‫‪clc‬‬
‫وعنذ كتابت ‪ clc‬يتم مسح كل ما هى فى البرنامح‬

‫العادة شىء تم كتابت فى البرنامج نضغظ على السهم اعلى او‬

‫اسفل من الكيبىرد‬
‫‪Help‬‬
‫من االدوات المهمة ودائما االستخدام فى ‪matlab‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
Variables
MATLAB variable names must begin with a letter,
which may be followed by any combination of
letters, digits, and underscores. MATLAB
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distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase
characters, so A and a are not the same variable(case
sensitive).
When naming a variable, make sure you are not
using a name that is already used as a function
name,begin with character .
Special Values
Function description
Ans Most recent answer (variable). If you do not assign an output
variable to an expression, MATLAB automatically stores the result in
ans.

pi
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3.1415926535897...

inf Infinity. Calculations like n/0, where n is any nonzero real value,
result in inf.

I,J The imaginary unit √-1

NaN,nan Not-a-Number, an invalid numeric value. Expressions like 0/0 and

inf/inf result in a NaN, as do arithmetic operations involving a NaN.
n/0, where n is complex, also returns NaN.
1.1Arithmetic operators )‫(العملٌات الحسابٌة‬

Operation symbol example

Addition + 3+22

subtractionEng.Ali Nasser
_ 54.6-16.5

Multiplication * 3.14*6

Division / or \ 10/100
100\10

power ^ 2^8

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Example:

Find value of (a)

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>> 3+[2*(3+4)^2*(1+3)^3]/[3*(1-3)^2*8]

ans =

68.3333

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1.2 Complex functions
Item Description

Complex(2,-3) Define a complex number

Abs(x) Absolute value ;|x|

Angle(x) Eng.Ali Nasser

Angle of complex number x

Conj(x) Complex conjugate of x

Imag(x) Imaginary part of a complex number x

Real(x) Real part of complex number x

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Example

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Example

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1.3 Exponential functions
item Description

exp ً‫التابع االس‬

log ً‫اللوغارٌتم الطبٌع‬

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log10 10 ‫اللوغارٌتم لالساس‬

log2 2 ‫اللوغارٌتم لالساس‬

Sqrt(x) ً‫الجذر التربٌع‬

nthroot n ‫الجذر من المرتبة‬

pow2 2^(x)

expm1 Exp(x)-1

log1p Log(x+1)

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Example

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Example

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1.4 Trigonometric functions(Radian)
Item Description
Acos(x) Inverse cosine
Acot(x) Inverse cotangent

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Acsc(x) Inverse cosecant
Asec(x) Inverse secant
Asin(x) Inverse sine
Atan(x) Inverse tangent
Cos(x) Cosine
Cot(x) cotangent
Csc(x) cosecant
Sin(x) Sine
Tan(x) tangent
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Trigonometric functions(degree)
Item Description
Acosd(x) Inverse cosine
Acotd(x) Inverse cotangent

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Acscd(x) Inverse cosecant
Asecd(x) Inverse secant
Asind(x) Inverse sine
Atand(x) Inverse tangent
Cosd(x) Cosine
Cotd(x) cotangent
Cscd(x) cosecant
Sind(x) Sine
Tand(x) tangent
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Hyperbolic function
Item Description
Acosh(x) Inverse cosine
Acoth(x) Inverse cotangent

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Acsch(x) Inverse cosecant
Asech(x) Inverse secant
Asinh(x) Inverse sine
Atanh(x) Inverse tangent
Cosh(x) Cosine
Coth(x) cotangent
Csch(x) cosecant
Sinh(x) Sine
Tanh(x) tangent
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Example
>> y=sin(pi/2)
y= 1

>> y=2*cos(pi)
y = -2

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>> y=asin(1)
y = 1.5708

>> y*180/pi
ans = 90

>> y=atan(1)
y = 0.7854

>> y*180/pi
ans = 45 31
1.5 Mathematical functions

item Description

factor

Primes
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‫التحليل الي العوامل االولية‬

x ‫يولد قائمة باالعداد االولية االقل من‬

Factorial(x) ‫اليجاد المضروب‬

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Examples

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1.6 Array addressing

>> x=[1 3 5 6 7 0];

>> x(4) % display element number 4
ans =

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>>x(1:3) % display elements from 1 to 3

ans =

1 3 5
Array Addressing

>> x=[1 3 5 6 7 0];

>> x(4:end) %display elements from 1 to end
ans =
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6 7 0
>>x(5:-1:2) %display elements from 5 to 2 step =
-1
ans =
7 6 5 3
Array Addressing
x=
1 3 5 6 7 0

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>> x(2:2:6) %display elements from 2
to 6 step = 2
ans =
3 6 0
 Array Construction

>> x=(0:0.15:1) % 0 to 1 step 0.15

x=
0 0.1500 0.3000 0.4500 0.6000
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0.7500 0.9000
l >> linspace(0,5,5) %first (0) to last(5),
number of values=5
ans =

0 1.2500 2.5000 3.7500 5.0000

Array Construction
a=1:5,b=1:2:9

a=

1 2 Eng.Ali
3 4 5 Nasser
b=

1 3 5 7 9
Array Construction
>> c=[b a]

c=

1
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3 5 7 9 1 2 3 4 5
>> sort(c)

ans =

1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 7 9
Standard deviation and variance
>> a=[1:9]
a=
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>> std(a)
ans =
2.7386Eng.Ali Nasser
>> var(a)
ans =
7.5000
median(a)
ans =
5
Max ,min ,prod,length and sum
>> a=[1:9]
a=
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>> max(a)

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ans = 9
>> min(a)
ans = 1
>> prod(a)
ans =
362880
>> a=[1 2 4 6];
>> length(a)
ans = 4
>> sum(a)
ans = 45
1.7 ‫المصفوفات‬
X+3Y-4Z=0 4
-2Y+8Z=0

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Solve Equations by Matrix

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1.8

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 4

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Multiplication

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1.9 Differentiations

 The diff function is used to obtain the symbolic derivative.

 the diff function, let’s take y=3x2 +2x+1 as an example.

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>> syms x
>> y =3*x^2+2*x+1;
>> diff(y,x)
= 6*x + 2

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 ‫تفاضل بتثبت متغٌر‬

diff (U,v): Returns the derivative of the expression U
with respect to the variable v

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 Evaluate the derivative at x = a

To evaluate the derivative dy/dx at x = a enter:

Suppose you want to derive y=x2 then to evaluate it at x=3.You

may type the following

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 1.10The integration function
4 The int function is used to integrate a symbolic expression.
As with the diff function, there are many ways to use the
int function.

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4 Using (y = 3x) as an example

>> syms x
>> y=int(3*x);
ans =(3*x^2)/2

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4 2-int (W,a,b): returns the integral of the expression W with
respect to the default
independent variable evaluated over the interval [a b].For

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example

>> syms x
>> int(x^3,3,5)

ans =136 62
4 3-int (W,u,a,b): returns the integral of the expression W
with respect to the variable u evaluated over the interval
[a,b].For example

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>> syms x y
>> int (x^2*y^2,y,-1,2)
ans =
3*x^2 63
 1.11 Limit


The function limit (y,a) returns the

limit
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Example

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>> syms x
>> limit(sin(3*x)/x)
ans =3
1-by default, MATLAB finds the limit as x goes to zero. If you want
to find the
previous limit when x goes to (e.g. 1) you may enter the following
code:

>> limit (sin(3*x)/x,1)

ans =
sin(3) 65
Assignment(1)

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 Session(2)
2.1 Basic Graphics
1- If x is a vector, the command plot(x) will produce a linear
plot of the elements in the vector x as a function of the
index of the elements in x.

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If x = [0 0.9 1.1 1.9 2 3.5 4]
4 Then plot(x) produces the graph shown in Figure

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2-If x and y are vectors of the same length, then the command plot(x,y)
plots the elements of x versus the elements of y.

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After Editing

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Example:
X= 0:10

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2.2 The hold command
It creates a plot that needs two or more plot commands. You can use the hold
command to plot two curves on a single graph

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‫‪2.3 Subplot‬‬
‫هو امر يستخدم لتقسيم شاشة ال ‪ figure‬ورسم اكتر من رسمه بجانب بعض او تحت او فوق بعض‬

‫)‪Subplot(m,n,p‬‬
‫عدد الصفوف =‪m‬‬
‫عدد االعمده =‪n‬‬
‫رقم الرسمة داخل ‪P=m&n‬‬

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Subplots
t=0:0.1:6;
w1=sin(t).*exp(t-1);
w2=tan(2*t);
subplot(2,2,1)

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plot(t,w1)
title('w1')
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(t,w2)
title('w2')
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(t,w1+w2)
title('w1+w2')
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(t,w1-w2)
title('w1-w2')

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 Example
 x=-10:.01:10;  y4=y2-y1;
 y1=sin(x);  subplot(3,2,4)
 subplot(3,2,1)  plot(x,y1,x,y4)
 plot(x,y1)  xlabel('x')
 xlabel('x')  ylabel('y')
ylabel('y')  title('cos(x)-sin(x)')

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

 title('sin(x)')  y5=sin(x);
 subplot(3,2,2)  y6=cos(x);
 y2=cos(x);  subplot(3,2,5)
 plot(x,y2,'r')  plot(x,y5,'r',x,y6,'k')
 xlabel('x')  xlabel('x')
 ylabel('y')  ylabel('y')
 title('cos(x)')  title('sin(x) and cos(x)')
 subplot(3,2,3)  subplot(3,2,6)
 plot(x,y1+y2,'k')  dc=5;
 xlabel('x')  plot(x,dc,'r')
 ylabel('y')  xlabel('x')
 title('sin(x)+cos(x)')  ylabel('y')
 title('DC component')
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 4

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2.4 The fill command
4
>> t= 0:pi/40: 4*pi;
>> y=sin(t);
>> fill(t,y,'b')
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2.5 Discontinuous graphs

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2.6 Example

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2.7 Plots With Special Graphics

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Pie Chart
Grades A B C D E
Students 11 18 26 9 5
Class Grades

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grd=[11 18 26 9 5]; 7%
pie(grd) 16%
title('Class Grades') 13%
E
A
D
data relative‫ٌجعل ال‬
‫وٌتم كتابة على الرسم من‬ B
26%
editig ploter<view C

38%90
2.8 Import Data
 EXAMPLE
the experimental data obtained in an electric machines laboratory
which represents the relation between the speed and the generated
voltage for a DC Shunt Wound Generator, where N is the generator
speed, in rpm and U is the generated voltage, in Volt.

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Speed&volt

4 YOU must save data in text file using any text editor (notepad) and then save
data in “.txt or .dat” command,in this example save “Data.txt”

4 Note: data must be organized in column

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Import Data
180
4
load data.txt 160

x=data(:,1); 140

y=data(:,2);

volt (v)
120

plot(x,y)

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100

80

60

40
500 1000 1500 2000
speed (rpm)

Should be saved In
C:\Users\Eng.Ali\Documents\MATLAB\data.txt

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2.9 Statistical Analysis
For 2 days the diameter of a turned shaft at center lathe is recorded
below, it is required to
Days Reading
x(:,1)=[19,12]; 1 19 15 16 10 10 12

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x(:,2)=[15,19]; 2 12 19 10 16 15 11
x(:,3)=[16,10];
x(:,4)=[10,16]; ‫ رقم العمود لنفس المتغير‬:, 14
x(:,5)=[10,15];
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x(:,6)=[12,11];
a=mean(x,2) mean & madian ‫اليحاد‬ 10

median(x,2) ‫ هيوجد للعمود‬2 ‫للصف لو شيلت رقم‬ 8

max(x,[ ],2) ‫ هيوجد للعمود‬1 ‫لو دخلت رقم‬

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min(x,[ ],2)
std(x,0,2) 4

var(x,0,2) 2

y=1:2; 0
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bar(y,a)
Random Number

Random number
between 0 and 1

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Mean=0
Stand.Devision=1

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Example
Generate values from the uniform distribution on
the interval [a, b].
r = a + (b-a).*rand(100,1);

-5:10 ‫ قراإت عشوئية بين‬10 ‫اوجد‬

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r=-5+(15*rand(1,10))

‫صف واحد‬
‫بداية الفترة‬
‫ومجموع الفترة‬

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Example
Generate a bell-curve histogram from Gaussian data

x = -4:0.1:4; 450

y = randn(1,10000); 400

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hist(y,x) 350

300

250
Assume:
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Mean=0& st,dev=1
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X‫لو عايز تضيفم احسبهم ل‬ 100

Y=mean+st*randn(1,no.) 50

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

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Gaussian or Normal distribution
The Gaussian distribution is specified by two parameters:
(1) the population mean μ,
(2) the population standard deviation σ, with the distribution function
given by

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0.5
‫ فعليا‬x ‫هنا قومت بقياس قيم ل‬
mean=0 ‫وبفرض ان‬
0.4

St=1 0.3

x=linspace(-3,3,100); 0.2

z=exp(-(x.^2))/(sqrt(2*pi)); 0.1

plot(x,z)
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

97
‫التقرٌب‬
>> floor(1.9)
down
ans = 1

up
>> ceil (1.9)

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ans = 2

>> round(3.9)

ans= 4 Normal

>> round(3.4)

ans = 3
98
 ‫ مرة طٌب عاٌز‬50 ‫فلنفرض ان معاٌا عملة وهقوم بقلبه‬
‫اعرف كم مرة كتابة وكم مرة ملك‬
‫ هو عدد االحتماالت‬2
‫وعرفنا‬head=1
Tail=0 n = 50; % number of flips
coin = floor(2*rand(1,n)) % vector of n flips: 0: tails, 1:heads

Eng.Ali Nasser % Histogram computation and display:

xc = [0 1]; % histogram centers
y = hist(coin,xc); % absolute frequency
bar(xc,y)

‫ملحىظ مش شرط النتائج اللى حصلت عليه‬

‫تطلع عنذك الن انا مختار االمر الخاص‬
‫بنتائج العشىائيت‬
99
 2.10 Curve Fitting and Interpolation
4 Linear regression is a form of polynomial regression in
which the polynomial is of first degree.
4 The two parameters of a linear equation, representing a

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straight line curve, are chosen to minimize
4 the average of the squared distances between the line and
the measured data values.

Example:

100
 4

120
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100

80 Y=mx+c=20.8x+3.8
Temp (F)

60

40

20

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 101
Time (s)
Curve Fitting
x = 0:0.1:1;
y = [-0.447 1.978 3.28 6.16 7.08 7.34 7.66 9.56 9.48 9.30 11.2];
a2 = polyfit(x,y,2)
a10 = polyfit(x,y,10) 16
2nd and 10th Degree Polynomial Curve Fit

xi = linspace(0,1,101);

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14
yi2 = polyval(a2,xi);
yi10 = polyval(a10,xi); 12

plot(x,y,'o',xi,yi2,'--',xi,yi10) 10
xlabel('x'), ylabel('y')
8
title('2nd and 10th Degree Polynomial Curve Fit')
y

legend('Measured','2nd Degree','10th Degree',4) 6

2
Measured
0 2nd Degree
10th Degree
-2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
x
1021
Spline

x=[0 5 20 8 25 35];
y=[0 15 20 25 30 40];
curve ‫توصٌل النقط بافضل‬
45
xx=linspace(0,35,100);
40
yy=spline(x,y,xx);

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plot(x,y,'o',xx,yy) 35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

103
Free Drawing
4 axes('position',[0 0 1 1])
postion ‫ادخل على ال‬
4 [x,y] = ginput;

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4 n = length(x); mouse ‫ادخل النقط بال‬
4 s = (1:n);
4 t = (1:.05:n); ‫لتوصٌل خط بٌن النقط‬

4 u = spline(s,x,t);
4 v = spline(s,y,t);
4 clf reset
4 plot(x,y,'.',u,v,'-'); 104
2.11 Interpolation
4

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x = (0:5);
y(:,1) = [0,20,60,68,77,110];
y(:,2) = [0,25,62,67,82,103];
y(:,3) = [0,52,90,91,93,96];
interp1(x,y,2.6)
ans =
64.8000 65.0000 90.6000

105
Assignment(2)

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106
 Session(3)
Programing with GUI
Graphic User Interface ‫البرمجة بأستخدام الواجهات الرسومية‬
 To access this feature in MATLAB select file → New →GUI

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User Graphical Interface

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109
‫‪Example(1) step by step‬‬
‫سنقوم بعمل برنامج يقوم بجمع اوطرح رقمين‬

‫‪Eng.Ali Nasser‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
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‫ادخل اسم لٌعرف من سٌتخدم البرنامج ماذا ٌفعل‪static text‬‬

‫‪Eng.Ali Nasser‬‬

‫‪112‬‬
string‫وغٌر االسم من‬Double click

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‫ على االزرار‬panel ‫اعمل‬

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Eng.Ali Nasser

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m-file ‫اضغط وسٌفتح معاك‬

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f ‫اضغط على رمز‬

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 sum_button ‫اضغط على‬
Tag String ً‫واكتب تحت الكالم االخضر االت‬

• x1=str2double(get(handles.No1,'String'));
• x2=str2double(get(handles.No2,'String'));
• y=x1+x2;

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• set(handles.Result,'string',num2str(y));

X = str2double(C) converts the strings in the cell array of strings c

The matrix X returned will be the same size as C

118
• x1=str2double(get(handles.No1,'String'));
• x2=str2double(get(handles.No2,'String'));
• y=x1+x2;
• set(handles.Result,'string',num2str(y));

‫السطر التانى‬

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The num2str function converts numbers to their string representations.

This function is useful for labeling and titling plots with numeric values.
119
‫واالن اضغط ‪ Run‬وشغل البرنامج‬

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‫‪120‬‬
Example(2)

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 Control Statements
Relational Operators Description 4

< Less than

<=

>
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Greater than

>= Greater than or equal

== Equal to

~= Not equal to
123
Examples True or False as 01

Command Result

5>8 ans=0

A=5<10 A=1

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Y=(6<10)+(7>8)+(5*3==60/4) Y=2

B=[15 6 9]; C=[8 20 9]; D=[0 1 1]

D=C>=B

B= =C ans=[0 0 1]

B>6 ans=[1 0 1]
‫‪Eng.Ali Nasser‬‬

‫اطرح ‪ b‬من ‪ a‬لم تكون ‪ b‬اكبر من ‪2‬‬

‫‪125‬‬
3.2 Logical Operators

Logical Operator Description

& Are both true (nonzero) AND

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| Nasser
At least one is true (nonzero) OR

~ If true give zero & otherwise NOT

&& Scalar AND with short circuiting

|| Scalar OR with short circuiting

Examples
Command Output
3&7 ans=1

A=5 | 0 A=1
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~25 Nasserans=0
~0 ans =1

(12 & 0) +(~0)+(0 | 5) ans=2

X=[9 3 0]; Y=[2 0 13] X&Y ans=1 0 0

Z=X | Y Z=1 1 1
Control Statements
1-For loops
for x = array
(commands)
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The (commands) are executed once for every
column in array

128
Example
1-find the squares of all integers starting from 1 to 5

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for i = 1:5
x = i^2
end
The output of this code: x = 1,4,9,16,25.

129
Flow Control
MATLAB has several flow control constructs:
if, else, and elseif
switch and case
for
While
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continue
Break
try – catch
return
For Loop
for x = array
(commands)

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end
4 The (commands) are executed once for
every column in array
4 At each iteration, x is assigned to the next
column of the array
Example
4 For i=1:10
4i
4 end
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4 ‫ٌنفذ طالما‬ i≤10

132
Example
4 for i=1:10
4 disp(i)
4 end
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‫ بجانب كل قٌمة‬I ‫ ال ٌعرض كلمة‬4

133
♣♣Example

4 disp(‘the numbers from 1 to 10 are:’)

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4 for i=1:10
4 disp(i)
4 end

134
Factorial
4 n=5;
4 f=1;

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4 for i=2: n
4 f=f*i;
4 end
4 disp(f)

135
 1:5 ‫◄إلٌجاد مجموع األعداد من‬
4 n=5
4 s=0

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4 for i=1: n
4 s=s+i;
4 end
4 disp(s)

136
1:5 ‫◄إلٌجاد مجموع مربعات األعداد من‬
4 n=5
4 s=0

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4 for i=1: n
4 s=s+i^2;
4 end
4 disp(s)

137
 1:5 ‫◄ إلٌجاد جذور األعداد من‬
4 n=5;
4 for i=1: n

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4 sqrt (i)
4 end
4 disp(sqrt(i))

138
Example
4 n=5
4 disp(‘number square root’)
4 disp(‘
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4 for i=1: n
4 AA=sqrt(I);
4 disp([ I AA ])
4 ‫لعرض مجموعة من المتغٌرات‬
4 End 139
Example
4 N=10
4 12/1! + 22/2!+………..+n2/n!

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4 12/1! -22/2!+…-……..+n2/n!
4 ‫اإلشارة متغٌرة‬

140
Example
n=5;
fact=1;

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Sum=0;
For I=1:n
fact=fact*I;
T=(I^2)/fact;
sum=sum+ T;
End
sum 4 14
1
‫‪Example‬‬
‫◄ملحوظة‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫لعمل إشارة أحد الحدود موجب واآلخر سالب‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Eng.Ali Nasser‬‬ ‫‪(-1) i+1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Fact=-1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Fact= - fact *i‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪142‬‬
Example
n=input (‘enter any integer’); 4
Sum =0; 4
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For i=1: n 4
Sum=sum+i 4
End 4
Disp(sum); 4

143
Example
4 What is your name?
4 How old are you?

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144
Example
4 Nam=input (‘what is your name?’ , ’s’);
4 character ‫ٌحتوي على‬string

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4 Age=input (‘how old are you?’);
4 Disp(nam)
4 Disp(age)

145
‫‪Note‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ملحوظة‪:‬‬
‫‪ 4‬لكً ٌترك سطر نستخدم عالمة \‬
‫‪ 4‬ولكً ٌطبع ‪ backslash‬نستخدم عالمة \\‬
‫‪Eng.Ali Nasser‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ولطبع ‪ name ,age‬بجانب بعضهم‬
‫‪Disp ([x, y]); 4‬‬
‫‪ ⤾ 4‬إما أن ٌكون ‪x, y‬‬
‫أي ٌجب أن ٌكونا من نفس النوع‪String or num‬‬
‫;)])‪Disp ([nam, num2str (age‬‬
‫‪146‬‬
Examples
for n=1:10
x(n)=sin(n*pi/10);
End
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Example
5 ‫اطبع مجموع األعداد التى تقبل القسمة على‬
4 sum=0;
4
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For i=0:5:100
4 sum=sum+I;
4 end
4 Disp(sum)

148
Nested Loops
for n=1:5
for m=5:-1:1

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A(n,m)=n^2+m^2;
A=
end
end 2 5 10 17 26
5 8 13 20 29
10 13 18 25 34
17 20 25 32 41
26 29 34 41 50
While Loops
while expression
(commands)
end
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4 Commands are executed as long as all
elements in expression are true.
4 Usually evaluation of expression gives
scalar
In case of array all elements must be true –
Example
x =3
while x<=15
x=2*x;

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end
x =24
Be careful and try to avoid infinite loops!
To stop the execution of an infinite loop use Ctrl+C
If-End Structure
if expression
(commands)

end Eng.Ali Nasser

4 The (commands) are evaluated if all
elements in expression are true (nonzero)
If-Else-End Structure
if (expression)
(commands evaluated if true)
else
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(commands evaluated if false)
end
Flow control - selection
The if-elseif-else construction 4
if <logical expression>
<commands>

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elseif <logical expression>
<commands>
if height>170
disp(’tall’)
else elseif height<150
<commands> disp(’small’)
end else
disp(’average’)
end
Example
X=input ('enter any value'); 4
If (x>0) disp ('positive'); 4
End 4
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IF (x<0) disp ('negative'); 4
End 4
end ‫ ب‬matlab ‫ ال ٌغلق برنامج ال‬4

155
Example
iF (x>0) disp ('positive'); 4
else if (x<0) disp ('negative'); 4
else 4
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disp ('zero'); 4
end 4

156
Example
x,y ‫ أدخل قٌمة‬4
x,y ‫ ام ال ونطبع‬y ‫ اكبر من‬x ‫ ونحدد هل‬4
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4 X is greater than y
4 X is lower than y
4 X is equal to y

157
Example

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158
Example

5 ‫ لطباعة األعداد التى ال تقبل القسمة على‬4

4
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For i=0:100
4 If (rem(I,5)~=0) disp (i);
4 End
4 End

159
‫برنامج الٌجاد جذور معادلة تربٌعٌة‬
4 Disp.→this program is used to solve the quadratic eqn
4 Disp→ Ax2+Bx+c=0

4 a=input→enter the value of A:___

4
4
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b=input→enter the value of B:___

c=input→ enter the value of C:___

4 D=B2- 4AC

0 Non zero
• X1=x2=-b/2a X1= (-B+sqrt (d))/ (2*a))
• X2= (-B-sqrt (d) )/ (2*a))
160
Program

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161
Example
4 X=floor (rand*6) +1;
4 If (x==1) disp ('that is 1');
4 Else if (x==2) disp ('that is 2');
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4 Else if (x==3) disp ('that is 3');
4 Else if (x==4) disp ('that is 4');
4 Else if (x==5) disp ('that is 5');
4 Else disp ('that is 6');
4 Or else if (x==6) disp ('that is 6'); end 162
Example
apples=10;
cost=apples*25;
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if apples > 5
cost=(1 -20/100)*cost % 20% discount
end
Switch-Case Construction
switch expression
case test_expression1
(commands1)
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case {test_expression2, test_expression3}
(commands2)
otherwise
(commands 3)
end
Example
method = 'Bilinear';

switch (method)

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case 'linear'
disp('Method is linear')
case 'cubic'
disp('Method is cubic')
otherwise
disp('Unknown method.')
end
Method is Unknown method
multiple cases ‫ فى حالة‬switch ‫باستخدام‬
4 X=floor (rand*6)+1;
4 Switch x → expression or variable ‫ٌمكن أن ٌكون‬
4 Case 1
4 Disp ('that is 1');
4 Case 2
4 Disp ('that is 2');
4
4
4
Case 3
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Disp ('that is 3');
Case 4
4 Disp ('that is 4');
4 Case 5
4 Disp ('that is 5');
4 Case 6
4 Disp ('that is 6');
4 Or
4 Otherwise
4 Disp ('that is 6'); End 166
Program

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167
Example
‫ لحساب أكثر من حالة مع بعض‬4
4 X=floor (rand*6)+1;
4 1-if (x==1 | x==2 | x==3)

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4 2-if (1<=x<=3)
4 3-case {1,2,3}
4 disp ('from 1 to 3')
4 case {4,5}
4 disp ('4 or 5')
4 case 6 / otherwise
4 disp (that is 6');
4 end 168
Program

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Program

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170
 password ‫برنامج لعمل‬

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Another solution

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Another solution

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while

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fprintf

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‫لحساب الوقت المستغرق لتنفٌذ برنامج‬

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‫‪176‬‬
program
4 Enter the no. of student=n
4 Vector (x)

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4 Average = mean (x)
4 The first = max (x) ‫الطالب األول‬
4 The last = min (x) ‫الطالب األخٌر‬

177
program

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178
Example
4 A=[2 3;0 4];
4 B=[-5 7;10 2];

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4 Display
4 1-add a to b
4 2-max value of a
4 3-Diag of b
4 4-exit
179
program

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program

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Another solution

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 ‫الدخال عناصر مصفوفة‬
4 Enter the number of raws
4 Enter the number of column

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4 Enter the values

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program

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 Matlab simulink
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simulink

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simulink

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Example

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simulink

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Example 2

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Simulink Power Window Controller Hybrid System Model

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Filtered QPSK vs. MSK

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AM DSB_SC modulation

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Scope

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Graphical User Interface
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Start Guide

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Example

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Property Inspector

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Figure

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Call backs

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Call Backs

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Example 2

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Example

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Open file

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Pop up menu

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Edit button

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Push button

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