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Efficient Use of Tables

Determine Strength of Composite Beam (shown)
• Given:
– AISC Specification 360-10 & AISC 14th Edition, LRFD
– W16x26 ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi, L = 30 ft
– 3” NLWT concrete (f’c = 4 ksi) on 3” metal deck
– ¾” dia. stud

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine Effective Width of Concrete Slab (Specification I3.1a)

Each side of beam centerline, minimum of: beff

Lb 30 ft 12 in/ft
1) 1/8 of span =   45 in., controls
8 8
b 1 30 ft 12 in/ft
2) 1/2 c.c. beam spacing = o   60 in.
2 2 3 spaces
3) distance to edge of slab = N/A

For this example, beff =(2 sides of beam centerline)(45 in) = 90 in.

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Load Transfer Between Steel Beam and Concrete Slab (Specification I3.2d(1),
Positive Flexural Strength where concrete slab is in compression)
(a) Concrete crushing (concrete fully in compression)
V 'c  0.85 f 'c Ac  0.85(4 ksi)(3 in)(90 in.) = 918 kips
( Note : only concrete above deck considered.)
(b) Tensile yielding of steel section (steel fully in tension)
V 's  As Fy  (50 ksi)(7.68 in 2 ) 384 kips < V 'c PNA in concrete
(c) Shear strength of steel studs
V 'q  Qn  min(V 'c , V 's ) for 100% composite

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Stud Strength (Specification Eq. I8-1)
Qn 0.5 Asa f 'c Ec Rg R p Asa Fu
Asa  area of stud, in 2
Ec  concrete modulus of elasticity = wc1.5 f 'c , ksi
Fu  specified minimum tensile strength of stud = 65 ksi
1.5
Qn  0.5 0.4418 in 2 (4 ksi) 145 pcf 4 ksi

 26.1 kips/stud

Rg Rp Asa Fu  1.0(0.6)(0.4418 in 2 )(65 ksi)

= 17.2 kips/stud, controls

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Use Table 3-21 for Stud Strength

Deck
Perpendicular
Weak Studs
per rib
(Rp = 0.60)

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine Number of Studs
For 100% composite, studs required between points of maximum and zero
bending moment (half span of beam):
V 'q  min(V 'c , V 's ) 384 kips
# of studs 22.3 46 studs for beam total length
Qn 17.2 kips/stud
However, for 46 studs, there will be (2) studs per rib. For (2) studs per rib,
Rg 0.85 Qn 14.6 kips/stud
bending moment (half span of beam):
V 'q  min(V 'c , V 's ) 384 kips
# of studs 26.3 54 studs for beam total length
Qn 14.6 kips/stud
*See Design Example I.1 on page I-15 for more information
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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine 100% Composite Strength
Qn 384 kips
a   1.25 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 4 ksi 90 in.
Y2 = Distance top of
1.25 in. steel to beam to center
Y 2  3 in. conc.  3 in. deck   5.38 in. line of the concrete
2 flange force

- Sum moments about a/2:

dbm 384 kips 15.7 in.
b Mn As Fy Y 2 0.9 5.38 in. 381 kip-ft
2 12 in./ft 2

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a/2
Efficient Use of Tables a
Ycon Y2
1
• For Use with Table 3-19 (see also Figure 3-3 in Manual) Y1
Y1 = distance from top of steel flange to any of the PNA locations listed 5
PNA locations:
TFL = Top of Flange (beam top flange), also 1
BFL = Bottom of Flange (beam top flange), also 5
2,3,4 = 4 equal spaces within flange
Qn at BFL  Qn at 7
6
2
7  0.25 Fy As
a Qn
Y 2  Ycon  a
2 0.85 f 'c beff
and Ycon = top of steel to top of concrete

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Table 3-19
From above,
V 'c  918 kips
V 's  384 kips

Enter Table with PNA at TFL and

Qn 384 kips
Qn  384 kips (100% composite) a   1.25 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 4 ksi 90 in.

1.25 in.
Y 2  3 in. conc.  3 in. deck   5.38 in.
2

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Moment Capacity based on Table 3-19 (100% composite)

5.5 in.  5.38 in.

b Mn 384 kft 384 kft 370 kft 381 kip-ft
5.5 in.  5 in.

• Compare to
dbm 384 kips 15.7 in.
b Mn As Fy Y 2 0.9 5.38 in. 381 kip-ft
2 12 in./ft 2

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Using Table 3-19 for 63% composite
For 63% composite, enter Table with
Qn _ 63%  0.63 384 kips  242 kips

Qn _ 63% 242 kips 0.791 in.

a   0.791 in. Y 2  6 in.   5.60 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 4 ksi 90 in. 2

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Using Table 3-19 for 63% composite
For 63% composite, enter Table with
Qn _ 63%  0.63 384 kips  242 kips
Note : PNA at 4.

6 in.  5.6 in.

b M n _ 63% 333 kft 333 kft 324 kft  326 kip-ft
6 in.  5.5 in.

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite
From AISC Commentary Section C-I3.2a and Equation C-I3-10,

For partial composite

Sum Fx = 0 action, there is a neutral
C+ Asc Fy = Py - Asc Fy axis in the concrete and
a neutral axis in the
Asc Fy = (Py –C)/(2) steel.

Sum moments about

Cs/2

M n  C (d1  d 2 )  Py (d 3  d 2 ) AISC Commentary Eq. C-I3-10

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite (cont’d)
where:
C Qn
Py  As Fy
d1  distance from centroid of compression force, C , in concrete
to top of steel, in.
d 2  distance from centroid of the compression force in steel section
to top of steel section, in. (d 2  0 for no compression in steel)
d3  distance from Py to top of steel section, in.

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite (cont’d)

Py  384 kips C63%  Qn _ 63%  0.63(384 kips)  242 kips

C63% 242 kips

a   0.791 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85(4 ksi)(90 in.)

a 0.791 in. dbm 15.7 in.

d1  tslab   6 in.   5.60 in. d3    7.85 in.
2 2 2 2

x 1 As Fy  C63% 1 384 kips  242 kips

d2     0.129 in.
2 2 2 b f Fy 2 2 (5.50 in.)(50 ksi)

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite (cont’d)

M n _ 63%  C63% (d1  d 2 )  Py (d3  d 2 )

 242 kips 5.60 in.  0.129 in.  384 kips 7.85 in.  0.129 in.
 4351 k-in.

0.9 4351 kip-in

M n _ 63% 326 kip-ft
12

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Efficient Use of Tables

• Determine Number of Studs
For 63% composite,
0.63 384 kips
# of studs 14.1 30 studs for beam total length
17.2 kips/stud
Note : Portion of steel beam will be compression.

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Summary
• Be familiar with the information contained in the Manual

• Use the Database when possible

• Read descriptions of the tables

• Include all design information on details to facilitate review and checking

• Manual can facilitate efficient design.

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