IB

PHYSICS
THIRD EDITION

Gregg Kerr
and
Paul Ruth

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 CONTENTS

Chapter 1 PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT

1.1 The realm of physics 1
1.2 Measurement & uncertainties 4
1.3 Vectors and scalars 22

Chapter 2 MECHANICS
2.1 Kinematics 33
2.2 Forces and dynamics 43
2.3 Work, energy and power 56
2.4 Uniform circular motion 66

Chapter 3 THERMAL PHYSICS

3.1 Thermal concepts 76
3.2 Thermal properties of matter 83

Chapter 4 OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES

4.1 Kinematics of simple harmonic motion (SHM) 100
4.2 Energy changes during simple harmonic motion (SHM) 107
4.3 Forced oscillations and resonance 109
4.4 Wave characteristics 112
4.5 Wave properties 118

Chapter 5 ELECTRIC CURRENTS

5.1 Electric potential difference, current and resistance 126
5.2 Electric circuits 137

Chapter 6 FIELDS AND FORCES

6.1 Gravitational force and field 151
6.2 Electric force and field 154
6.3 Magnetic force and field 164

Chapter 7 ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

7.1 The atom 173
7.2 Radioactive decay 177
7.3 Nuclear reactions, fission and fusion 182

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 Chapter 8 ENERGY, POWER AND CLIMATE CHANGE
8.1 Energy degradation and power generation 190
8.2 World energy sources 195
8.3 Fossil fuel power production 201
8.4 Non-fossil fuel power production 209
8.5 Greenhouse effect 228
8.6 Global warming 242

Chapter 9 MOTION IN FIELDS

9.1 Projectile motion 249
9.2 Gravitational field, potential and energy 255
9.3 Electric field, potential and energy 259
9.4 Orbital motion 267

Chapter 10 THERMAL PHYSICS

10.1 Thermodynamics 273
10.2 Processes 276
10.3 Second law of thermo-dynamics and entropy 288

Chapter 11 WAVE PHENOMENA

11.1 (SL Option A2) Standing (Stationary) Waves 293
11.2 (SL Option A3) Doppler Effect 297
11.3 (SL Option A4) Diffraction 301
11.4 (SL Option A5) Resolution 304
11.5 (SL Option A6) Polarization 308

Chapter 12 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

12.1 Induced electromotive force (emf) 314
12.2 Alternating current 321
12.3 Transmission of electric power 327

Chapter 13 QUANTUM PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

13.1 (SL Option B1) Quantum physics 333
13.2 (SL Option B2) Nuclear physics 341

Chapter 14 DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

14.1 (SL Option C1) Analogue and digital signals 345
14.2 (SL Option C2) Data capture; digital imaging using CCDs 349

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 Chapter 15 Option A: SIGHT AND WAVE PHENOMENA
A1 (SL) The eye and sight 353

Chapter 16 Option E: ASTROPHYSICS

E1 (SL and HL) Introduction to the universe 359
E2 (SL and HL) Stellar radiation and stellar types 361
E3 (SL and HL) Stellar distances 367
E4 (SL and HL) Cosmology 374
E5 (HL only) Stellar processes and stellar evolution 378
E6 (HL only) Galaxies and the expanding universe 385

Chapter 17 Option F: COMMUNICATIONS

F1 (SL and HL) Radio communication 392
F2 (SL and HL) Digital signals 397
F3 (SL and HL) Optic fibre transmission 401
F4 (SL and HL) Channels of communication 405
F5 (HL), C3 (SL) Electronics 408
F6 (HL), C4 (SL) The mobile phone system 412

Chapter 18 Option G: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

G1 (SL and HL) The nature of EM waves and light sources 418
G2 (SL and HL) Optical instruments 428
G3 (SL and HL) Two-source interference of waves 439
G4 (SL and HL) Diffraction grating 442
G5 (HL only) X-rays 444
G6 (HL only) Thin-film interference 448

Chapter 19 Option H: RELATIVITY

H1 (HL), D1 (SL) Introduction to relativity 453
H2 (HL), D2 (SL) Concepts and postulates of special relativity 455
H3 (HL), D3 (SL) Relativistic kinematics 457
H4 (HL) Some consequences of special relativity 462
H5 (HL) Evidence to support special relativity 466
H6 (HL) Relativistic momentum and energy 467
H7 (HL) General relativity 469
H8 (HL) Evidence to support general relativity 475

Chapter 20 Option I: MEDICAL PHYSICS

I1 (HL) The ear and hearing 479
I2 (HL) Medical imaging 490
I3 (HL) Radiation in medicine 504

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 Chapter 21 Option J: PARTICLE PHYSICS
J1 (HL), D4 (SL) Particles and interactions 517
J2 (HL) Particle accelerators & detectors 530
J3 (HL), D5 (SL) Quarks 538
J4 (HL) Leptons and the standard model 543
J5 (HL) Experimental evidence for the quark and standard models 547
J6 (HL) Cosmology and strings 548

Glossary 551

Index 572

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