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First Term Exam (2021-22)

Class 10 - Science
Sample Paper 07

Maximum Marks: 40
Time Allowed: 90 minutes

General Instructions:

1. The Question Paper contains three sections.

2. Section A has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
3. Section B has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
4. Section C has 12 questions. Attempt any 10 questions.
5. All questions carry equal marks.
6. There is no negative marking.

Section A
1. Three beakers labeled as A, B, and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken. A small amount of
NaOH, anhydrous CuSO4, and NaCl was added to the beakers A, B, and C respectively. It was observed
that there was an increase in the temperature of the solutions contained in beakers A and B, whereas,
in the case of beaker C, the temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the following statement(s)
is(are) correct?
i. In beakers A and B, the exothermic process has occurred.
ii. In beakers A and B, the endothermic process has occurred.
iii. In beaker C, the exothermic process has occurred.
iv. In beaker C, the endothermic process has occurred.
a. (ii) and (iii)
b. (i) and (iv)
c. (ii) only
d. (i) only
2. In the slide of an epidermal peel, the parts which appear pink coloured after staining with safranin are
a. nuclei only
b. all parts in the peel
c. cell membrane and cytoplasm
d. stomata only
3. The compound formed by Hg+2 and Cl- is
a. Hg2Cl2
b. HgCl
c. HgCl2
d. Hg2Cl
4. Which among the following alloys contain mercury as one of its constituents?
a. Alnico
b. Stainless steel

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c. Zinc amalgam
d. Solder
5. Lack of oxygen in muscles often leads to cramps among cricketers. This results due to
a. Conversion of pyruvate to ethanol
b. Non conversion of glucose to pyruvate
c. Conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid
d. Conversion of pyruvate to glucose
6. Match the following with the correct response:
(1) Concave mirror (A) A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards

(2) Convex mirror (B) Objects actually to the left appear to be on the right in the image

(3) Focal length (C) The distance between the pole (P) and the focal point

(4) Lateral inversion (D) A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards
a. 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
b. 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
c. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
d. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
7. The colour that is scattered the least by the tiny particles and the atoms/ molecules of the atmosphere is
a. Red
b. Green
c. Violet
d. Yellow
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8. Which liquid did a student use for putting a drop on the slide before placing the coverslip while
preparing a temporary mount of leaf epidermal peel?
a. Water
b. Iodine
c. Glycerine
d. Safranin
9. Which of the following sequence of materials is required to set up an experiment to determine the
percentage of water absorbed by raisins? Select the correct order of use while conducting the
experiment.
a. raisins, beaker of water, balance, weight box
b. raisins, beaker of water, blotting paper, weight box, balance
c. raisins, beaker, balance, weight box
d. raisins, water, blotting paper, balance
10. In which of the following chemical equations, the abbreviations represent the correct states of the
reactants and products involved at reaction temperature?
a. 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(l)
b. 2H2 (g) + O2 (l) 2H2O(l)
c. 2H2 (l) + O2 (l) 2H2O(g)
d. 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(g)
11. Match the following with correct response.

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Column A Column B

(i) The red colour of human blood (a) Chlorophyll

(ii) The pigment which absorbs solar energy (b) Heart

(iii) The largest gland of the human body (c) Liver

(iv) Pumping organ of the body (d) Haemoglobin

a. (i) - (c), (ii) - (b), (iii) - (d), (iv) - (a)
b. (i) - (a), (ii) - (c), (iii) - (b), (iv) - (d)
c. (i) - (d), (ii) - (a), (iii) - (c), (iv) - (b)
d. (i) - (b), (ii) - (d), (iii) - (a), (iv) - (c)
12. Which of the following non-metals is a liquid?
a. Carbon
b. Phosphorus
c. Sulphur
d. Bromine
13. Which of the following phenomenon contributes significantly to the reddish appearance of the sun at
sunrise or sunset?
a. Total internal Reflection
b. Dispersion of light
c. Reflection of light from the earth
d. Scattering of light
14. Which of the following statement (s) is (are) true about the heart?
i. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from different parts of the body while the right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from lungs
ii. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to different body parts while right ventricle pumps
deoxygenated blood to lungs
iii. Left atrium transfers oxygenated blood to the right ventricle which sends it to different body parts
iv. Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body while left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the body
a. (ii) and (iv)
b. (i) and (iii)
c. (i) only
d. (ii) only
15. Match the following with the correct response:
(i) Bronze (a) Iron

(ii) Stainless steel (b) Aluminium

(iii) Solder (c) Tin and lead

(iv) Duralumin (d) Copper

a. (i) - (d), (ii) - (a), (iii) - (c), (iv) - (b)
b. (i) - (a), (ii) - (c), (iii) - (b), (iv) - (d)
c. (i) - (b), (ii) - (d), (iii) - (a), (d) - (c)
d. (i) - (c), (ii) - (b), (iii) - (d), (iv) - (a)
16. Colour of the solution after half an hour when iron nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution is
a. Pale green

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b. Blue
c. Reddish-brown
d. Colourless
17. The magnification of the plane mirror is:
a. Infinite
b. 0.0
c. 2.0
d. 1.0
18. Name the passage that leads bile from the liver into the gall bladder.
a. Colon
b. Cystic duct
c. Caecum
d. Rectum
19. A ray of light travelling in air fall obliquely on the surface of a calm pond. It will:
a. Turn back on its original path.
b. Go into the water without deviating from its path
c. Deviate towards the normal
d. Deviate away from the normal
20. Trachea do not collapse when there is not much air because they are:
a. have valves
b. thick and muscular
c. having cartilaginous rings
d. supported by larynx
21. A change is said to be a physical change when
a. No energy change occurs
b. All statements are correct
c. The change can be easily reversed
d. No new substances are formed
22. The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in
a. Oxygen
b. Heamoglobin
c. Water
d. Carbon dioxide
23. Which of the following statement is correct:
Statement A: The electrical conductivity and melting point of an alloy is less than that of pure metals.
Statement B: Different metals have the same reactivity with water and dilute acids.
a. Both the statements - A and B - are true.
b. Statement B is true; Statement A is false.
c. Neither statement A nor statement B is true.
d. Statement A is true; Statement B is false.
24. The source of oxygen for the aquatic animals is:
a. Soil
b. Atmosphere
c. Water
d. Algae
Section B
25. Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than

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a. 4.5
b. 3.5
c. 6.5
d. 5.5
26. 10 mL of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralized by 8 mL of a given solution of HCl. If
we take 20 mL of the same solution of NaOH, the amount of HCl solution required to neutralize it will
be
a. 8ml
b. 12ml
c. 4ml
d. 16ml
27. The SI unit of linear magnification is:
a. m-1
b. m2
c. No unit
d. m
28. The most abundant element in the earth crust is
a. Oxygen
b. Iron
c. Aluminium
d. Silicon

29. 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

The above reaction is
a. Double displacement reaction
b. Combination reaction
c. Displacement reaction
d. Decomposition reaction
30. Copper displaces which of the following metals from its salt solution:
a. NiSO4
b. ZnSO4
c. FeSO4
d. AgNO3
31. Assertion (A): HCl gas does not change the color of dry blue litmus paper.
Reason (R): HCl gas dissolves in the water present in wet litmus paper to form H+ ions.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
32. Assertion (A): Iron is found in the free state in nature.
Reason (R): Iron is a highly reactive element.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

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33. Assertion (A): Valves are present in the arteries.

Reason (R): Arteries carry oxygenated blood from heart to different body parts except pulmonary
artery.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
34. Assertion (A): Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar
cookers.
Reason (R): Concave mirror converges the light rays falling on it to a point.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
35. Assertion (A): Thin prisms do not deviate light much.
Reason (R): Thin prism have small angle A and hence, Dm = [( - 1) A], where is the refractive index
of prism w.r.t. medium 1.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
36. Which gas is liberated when HCl is added to a sample of solid Na2CO3?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Nitride
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Carbide
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37. An element belonging to the 16th group of periodic table is used in the manufacturing of vulcanized
rubber. This element reacts with hot and conc. HNO3 to form sulphuric acid. The concerning element
is:

a. Oxygen
b. Sulphur
c. Germanium
d. Silicon
38. Osmoregulation is the process
A. To maintain the right amount of water
B. To maintain proper ionic balance
C. To maintain the temperature of the body
D. To maintain glucose level of blood
a. A and B
b. All of these
c. A, B and D
d. B and C
39. Conversion of milk to curds is due to ________.

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a. Fermentation
b. Boiling
c. Spoilage
d. Heating
40. The colour of zinc metal is
a. Red dish brown
b. silvery
c. white
d. Grey
41. A student has to do the experiment on finding the focal length of a given convex lens by using a distant
object. She can do her experiment if she is also made available with
a. a lamp and a screen
b. a scale and a screen
c. a lamp and a scale
d. None of these
42. The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass slab traced by four
students are shown as A, B, C, and D in Figure. Which one of them is correct?

a. B
b. C
c. D
d. A
43. What is the mode of nutrition in fungi?
a. Parasitic
b. Saprophytic
c. Heterotrophic
d. Autotrophic
44. Which of the following pictures depict the correct image formation

a.

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b.

c.

d.

45. Which of these is not a part of the small intestine?

a. Jejunum
b. Rectum
c. Duodenum
d. Ileum
46. The value of n for the incident ray through air medium is:

a. > 3
b. < 1
c. = 1
d. > 1
47. Light waves are
a. Electromagnetic waves
b. Electrical waves
c. Mechanical waves
d. None of these
48. Which of the following oxides is amphoteric in nature?
a. MgO
b. Na2O
c. Al2O3
d. CaO

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Section C

Question No. 49 to 52 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the
questions:

Copper sulphate crystal contains water of crystallisation when the crystal is heated the water is
removed and salt turns white. The crystal can be moistened again with water. The water of
crystallisation is the fixed number of water molecule present in 1 formula unit of copper sulphate. On
heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water molecule and became calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

49. If the crystal is moistened with water ________ colour of crystal reappear.
a. pink
b. blue
c. black
d. green
50. What is the commercial name of calcium sulphate hemihydrate?
a. Bleaching powder
b. Baking soda
c. Washing soda
d. Plaster of Paris
51. ________ water molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate.
a. Seven
b. Two
c. Five
d. Six
52. On heating gypsum at 373 K, it loses water molecules and becomes
a. CaCl2 H 2O

b. CaSO3. H 2O

c. CaCO3 H 2O

d. CaSO4. H 2O

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Question No. 53 to 56 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the
questions:

In an experiment to study the scattering of light by passing a beam of white light through a colloidal
solution of sulphur in a transparent glass tank.

53. Which colour is observed from the side facing toward the circular hole?
a. First bright crimson red colour and then blue clour
b. First blue colour and then green colour.
c. First orange-red colour and then bright crimson red colour
d. First green colour and then orange-red colour
54. Which colour is observed from 3 sides of the glass?
a. Green
b. Black
c. Blue
d. Red
55. Which of the following statement is correct given diagram

i. Sun near the horizon passes through a thick layer

ii. Sun appear white as only a little blue and violet colour scattered
iii. The light that reaches our eye is a shorter wavelength
iv. The sky appears yellow during sunrise
a. (iii) and (i)
b. (i) and (ii)
c. (iii) and (iv)
d. (iv) and (iii)
56. Which of the following phenomena contributes significantly to the reddish appearance of the sun at
sunrise or sunset?
i. Dispersion of light
ii. Scattering of light
iii. Total internal reflection of light
iv. Reflection of light from the earth
a. Option (i)
b. Option (ii)

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c. Option (iii)
d. Option (iv)

Question No. 57 to 60 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the
questions:

In the refraction of light through a rectangular glass slab, the light ray changes its direction at the point
O and O' and at O' the light ray has entered from glass to air bend away from the normal. The emergent
ray is parallel to the incident ray. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to interface of two
transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same line.

57. A ray of light passes from glass to air then an emergent ray is
a. inclined to incidence ray
b. oblique to incidence ray
c. perpendicular to incidence ray
d. parallel to incidence ray
58. A ray of light is travelling from denser medium to rarer medium along the normal
a. refracted toward the normal
b. goes along the boundaries
c. refracted away from the normal
d. is not refracted
59. The ray of light bends toward the normal while passing
a. from rarer to denser medium
b. from denser to rarer medium
c. from rarer to rarer medium
d. from denser to rarer medium
60. In which material light ray travel faster
a. both air and glass
b. none of these
c. air
d. glass

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Class 10 - Science
Sample Paper 07

Solution

Section A
1. (b) (i) and (iv)
Explanation: In beaker A:
NaOH +H2​O→Na++OH−+H2​O + heat
In beaker B:
CuSO4​(s) +5H2​O(l) → CuSO4​.5H2​O(s)
Therefore in both A and B exothermic reactions are taking place resulting in the rise in temperature.
On the other hand in beaker C, an endothermic reaction is taking place as heat is being absorbed,
resulting in a decrease in temperature.
NaCl+H2​O+heat→Na++Cl−+H2​O
2. (b) all parts in the peel
Explanation: Safranin stains epidermal cells of the onion peel.
3. (a) Hg2Cl2

Explanation: = Hg2Cl2
4. (c) Zinc amalgam
Explanation: Generally, alloys containing mercury as one of its constituents are known as amalgam.
Zinc amalgam is an alloy of zinc and liquid mercury.
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5. (c) Conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid
Explanation: Breakdown of Pyruvate in the presence of oxygen takes place in mitochondria leading to
the formation of Lactic acid. The workout oxygen is used for the production of energy leading to the
lack of oxygen and production of lactic acid.
6. (c) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
Explanation: A concave mirror is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards. A
convex mirror is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards. Lateral inversion is
the property of plane mirrors where objects actually to the left appear to be on the right in the
image. Focal length is the distance between the pole (P) and the focal point (F) of a mirror/lens.
7. (a) Red
Explanation: Scattering of light decreases with an increase in wavelength. Red colour scattered the
least when strikes the small particle of fog and smoke because it has the maximum wavelength (visible
spectrum).
8. (c) Glycerine
Explanation: Glycerine is used to temporarily mount the specimen as it prevents the specimen from
drying.
9. (b) raisins, beaker of water, blotting paper, weight box, balance
Explanation: Raisins have to be weighed first then to be put into a beaker of water. Swollen raisins are
to be dried with blotting paper, so these materials are required.
10. (a) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(l)
Explanation: At room temperature, hydrogen and oxygen are gases while water is liquid in nature

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hence this represents correct states of reactants and products.

11. (c) (i) - (d), (ii) - (a), (iii) - (c), (iv) - (b)
Explanation:
Blood is red because of the hemoglobin inside our red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein that
forms a complex with iron molecules and together they transport oxygen molecules
throughout the body
Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesize
carbohydrates from CO2 and water. This process is known as photosynthesis.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is also the largest (internal) organ in our
body and can weigh up to 1.5 kg for a human adult.
The purpose of the heart is to pump blood to the organs and tissues of your body that need the
oxygen and nutrients it carries.
12. (d) Bromine
Explanation: Bromine is a fairly abundant element but has a rare property. It is the only nonmetal to
exist in liquid form at room temperature, and one of only two elements (the other being mercury) that
is liquid at room temperature and pressure.
13. (d) Scattering of light
Explanation: While sunset and sunrise, the colour of the sun and its surrounding appear red. During
sunset and sunrise, the sun is near the horizon, and therefore the sunlight has to travel larger distance
in the atmosphere. Due to this most of the blue light (shorter wavelength) are scattered away by the
particles. The light of longer wavelength (red colour) will reach our eye. This is why the sun appears
red in colour.
14. (a) (ii) and (iv)
Explanation: Oxygenated blood circulates through the left part of the heart whereas deoxygenated
blood circulates through the right part of the heart. Atrium receives blood and the ventricle pumps the
blood out of the heart.
15. (a) (i) - (d), (ii) - (a), (iii) - (c), (iv) - (b)
Explanation:
Bronze is an alloy of copper.
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron.
Solder - an alloy of tin and lead - is used to join metals for electrical work.
Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium.
16. (a) Pale green
Explanation: Copper Sulphate Solution (CuSO4) is blue in colour. When an iron nail is placed in it, we
can observe the following:
i. reddish-brown deposits on iron (these are of Copper)
ii. colour of the solution turns from blue to pale green.

The formula for this reaction is: Fe + CuSO4 ​ ​ FeSO4 + Cu

Here, Fe is more reactive than Cu. So Fe displaces Cu to form Iron Sulfate and Copper.
17. (d) 1.0
Explanation: The magnification of the plane mirror is 1 since the size of the image is the same as the
size of the object. The distance of the image from the mirror is the same as the distance of the object
from the mirror.

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Magnification (m) = = .

18. (b) Cystic duct

Explanation: Cystic duct leads bile from the liver into the gall bladder.
19. (c) Deviate towards the normal
Explanation: When the ray of light enters from a rarer medium (air) into a denser medium (water), it
bends towards normal at the point of incidence.
20. (c) having cartilaginous rings
Explanation: The trachea is supported by the series of the cartilaginous rings which are c-shaped, that
prevents it from collapsing, these rings can be felt in front of the neck.
21. (b) All statements are correct
Explanation: Some of the characteristics of a physical change are:
i. Temporary in nature.
ii. No energy change occur.
iii. Does not affect the internal structure of a substance, only the molecules are rearranged.
iv. No new substance is formed.
So all statements are correct.
22. (d) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Because of respiration, Carbon dioxide gets accumulated in tissues. Hence, blood leaving
the tissues becomes richer in Carbon dioxide.
23. (d) Statement A is true; Statement B is false.
Explanation: Alloys have lower electrical conductivity than that of pure metals. Alloys have lower
melting points than that of the constituent metals. Different metals have different reactivity with water
and dilute acids. Sodium and potassium react vigorously with cold water. Some metals like magnesium
and calcium react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen while some like aluminium and
iron react with steam to form the metal oxide and hydrogen. Metals usually displace hydrogen from
dilute acids; some react only on heating. Metals like gold, silver, and copper do not react with dilute
acids at all.
24. (c) Water
Explanation: An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water
for most or all of its life. Many insects such as mosquitoes, mayflies, dragonflies, and caddisflies have
aquatic larvae, with winged adults. Aquatic animals may breathe air or extract oxygen from that
dissolved in water through specialized organs called gills, or directly through the skin.
Section B
25. (d) 5.5
Explanation: When the pH in the mouth falls below 5.5, tooth decay starts. Bacteria present in the
mouth produce acid by the degradation of sugar and food particles which remain in the mouth after
eating. The acid produced in the mouth attack the enamel thereby, creating tooth decay.
26. (d) 16ml
Explanation: 10 mL of NaOH solution is neutralized by 8 mL of HCl.
1 mL of NaOH soultion is neutralized by mL of HCl.
20 mL of NaOH solution will neutralize 20 of HCl = 16 mL
27. (c) No unit
Explanation: Linear magnification (m) has no unit since it is the ratio of the height of the image to the
height of the object. Magnification produced by a spherical mirror gives the relative extent to which
the image of an object is magnified with respect to the object.

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m = =

.
28. (a) Oxygen
Explanation: Oxygen - 46.6% Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust
29. (d) Decomposition reaction
Explanation: Ferrous sulphate crystals contain water molecules (FeSO4. 7H2O). On heating, ferrous
sulphate crystals lose water and anhydrous ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) is formed. So their colour changes
from light green to white.
On further heating, anhydrous ferrous sulphate decomposes to form ferric oxide (Fe2O3), sulphur
dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3). So, the gas emitted smells like burning sulphur.
In this reaction, the single reactant FeSO4 decomposes to form three different products. So, the reaction
is a decomposition reaction.
30. (d) AgNO3
Explanation: Copper replaces Silver from silver nitrate as it is more reactive than Silver.
2AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
31. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
HCl gas does not change the color of dry blue litmus paper. Blue litmus paper will change to red only
when, HCl gas dissolves in the water to form H+ ions.
32. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
33. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Valves are absent in arteries, whereas it is present in veins, which prevent back flow of
blood.
34. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Concave mirror converges the light rays falling on it to a point. So large concave mirrors
are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar cookers.
35. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: For thin prism, the angle of prisms A is small. For small A, Dmin (minimum deviation) is
also small.

So, ... (i)

(sin for small )

and
Using above approximation, in equation (i)

Dmin = ( - 1)A
Hence, it can be seen that if A is small, Dmin is also small.

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36. (a) Carbon dioxide

Explanation: Acids react with metal carbonates to form carbon dioxide gas.
Metal carbonate + Acid Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
37. (b) Sulphur
Explanation: The element is Sulphur. Sulphur is used to manufacture sulphuric acid and in the
vulcanization of rubber.
S + 2HNO3 H2SO4 + 2NO
38. (a) A and B
Explanation: Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body
fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid
balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to keep the fluids from becoming too
diluted or concentrated.
39. (a) Fermentation
Explanation: Milk is converted into curd or yogurt by the process of fermentation. Milk consists of
globular proteins called casein. The curd forms because of the chemical reaction between the lactic
acid bacteria and casein. During fermentation, the bacteria use enzymes to produce energy (ATP) from
lactose. The byproduct of ATP production is lactic acid. Lactic acid acts on the globular proteins present
in the milk and denatures them. This denaturation destroys the tertiary and quaternary structures of
proteins and the globular proteins are converted into fibrous proteins thus giving a thick texture to the
milk due to coagulation of the proteins.
40. (d) Grey
Explanation: It is whitish or bluish-grey in colour.
41. (b) a scale and a screen
Explanation: Screen for image formation and scale to measure length are required.
42. (a) B
Explanation: Snell's law gives the relationship between angles of incidence and refraction for a wave
impinging on an interface between two media with different indexes of refraction.
Thus, light bends towards normal when it passes from air to glass. Light bends away from normal
when it passes from glass to air.
43. (b) Saprophytic
Explanation: Unlike plants, which use carbon dioxide and light as sources of carbon and energy,
respectively, fungi meet these two requirements by assimilating preformed organic matter;
carbohydrates are generally the preferred carbon source. As fungi grow on land and obtain their
nutrients from dead organic matter, that's why the mode of nutrition in fungi is saprotrophic.

44. (b)

Explanation: Parallel beams getting reflected from the concave mirror will converge at focus to
produce a sharp image.
45. (b) Rectum
Explanation: The small intestine comprises of three divisions - the proximal duodenum, the middle
jejunum, and the distal ileum. The rectum, although a part of the gastrointestinal tract, begins after the

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large intestine ends. Hence, it is not a part of the small intestine.

46. (b) < 1
Explanation: As light enters a rarer medium from a denser medium, it will bend away from the
normal.
47. (a) Electromagnetic waves
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves (or electromagnetic radiation) are waves made of oscillating
magnetic and electric fields and include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-
rays and gamma rays. Thus, light is just one part of the electromagnetic spectrum, the part that our
eyes can see.
48. (c) Al2O3
Explanation: Al2O3 is amphoteric in nature. Na2O, MgO, and CaO are basic oxides. Most metals form
basic oxides.
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Section C
49. (b) blue
Explanation: blue
50. (d) Plaster of Paris
Explanation: Plaster of Paris
51. (c) Five
Explanation: Five
52. (d) CaSO4. H 2O

Explanation: CaSO4. H 2O
53. (c) First orange-red colour and then bright crimson red colour
Explanation: First orange-red colour and then bright crimson red colour
54. (c) Blue
Explanation: Blue
55. (b) (i) and (ii)
Explanation: (i) and (ii)
56. (b) Option (ii)
Explanation: Option (ii)
57. (d) parallel to incidence ray
Explanation: parallel to incidence ray
58. (c) refracted away from the normal
Explanation: refracted away from the normal
59. (a) from rarer to denser medium
Explanation: from rarer to denser medium
60. (c) air
Explanation: air

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