JOSE OSVALDO RODRIGUEZ A00103781

2.2 Plot numerical aperture vs acceptance angle using MATLAB over the range 0≤NA≤0.7.
Assume that the refractive index of surrounding material is 1.0 in the calculations.
2.9 A 6,000 km undersea glass fiber telephone line crosses the Atlantic Ocean connecting the United
States and France.
(a) How long does it take for a message to traverse this link?
(b) How long does it take for a message to travel from the United States to France by using a satellite
link? The satellite is stationed about 22,000 miles above the earth between the United States and
France.
(c) Will two people having conversation across these two different links notice the travel delays?

El índice de refracción de una fibra de vidrio es de ≃1.5, tal que la velocidad de la luz dentro de la
fibra sea ≃2e8 m/s. (2/3 de C0)
A) esa velocidad, el tiempo para recorrer 6000 km es
6𝑒6 𝑚
𝑡= = 30 𝑚𝑠
2𝑒8 𝑚/𝑠
Si el mensaje va vía satélite, ahora la velocidad es C0, por lo que el tiempo para recorrer
22,000 millas (1 milla = 1609.34 m; 22,000 millas = 35.405e6 m)

B)

𝑑𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑠/𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒 = √35.405𝑒62 + 3000𝑒32 = 35.532𝑒6 𝑚

35.532𝑒6 𝑚 ⋅ 2
𝑡= = 236.88 𝑚𝑠
3𝑒8 𝑚/𝑠
C) Con el enlace vía fibra óptica, no se va a notar un retraso de 30 ms. Sin embargo, con el enlace
satelital, un retraso de 236 ms (algo más de 1/5 de segundo) se puede notar bajo ciertas
circunstancias.
2.10 A beam of light is incident on a plane boundary between two dielectrics. The incident ray angle is
at 10° to the boundary normal and the transmitted beam is at 12°. Which of the two media has the
higher refractive index?

Según teoría, cuando θt > θi (12 > 10), entonces n1>n2.

La ley de Snell indica que
𝑛1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃𝑖) = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃𝑡)
Reordenando queda
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃𝑡) 𝑛1
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃𝑖) 𝑛2
Como sin(θt)>sin(θi), entonces n1>n2.
El índice de refracción de n1 es el mayor en este caso.
2.11 A beam of light is incident on a boundary between two dielectrics. The refractive indices are
n1=1.46 and n2=1.48. Plot the transmitted angle as a function of the incident angle for incident angles
from 0° to 90°.

Ley de Snell
𝑛1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃𝑖 ) = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃𝑡 )
Despejando θ𝑡
𝑛1
θ𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ⋅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(θ𝑖 ))
𝑛2
2.12 A beam of light is incident on a boundary between two dielectrics. The refractive indices are
n1=1.18 and n2=1.46. Plot the transmitted angle as a function of the incident angles from 0° to 90°.
(Something unusual seems to occur at an incident angle near 80.6°).

Ley de Snell (del ejercicio anterior)

𝑛1
θ𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ⋅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(θ𝑖 ))
𝑛2