Solutions - Chapter 1

Kevin S. Huang

Problem 1.1 - Skipped

Problem 1.2 - Skipped
Problem 1.3
a)
θ θ
|+ni = cos |+zi + eiφ sin |−zi
2 2
π π π 1 1
θ= , φ = 0 → |+ni = cos |+zi + e0i sin |−zi = √ |+zi + √ |−zi = |+xi
2 4 4 2 2
π π π iπ π 1 i
θ= , φ = → |+ni = cos |+zi + e 2 sin |−zi = √ |+zi + √ |−zi = |+yi
2 2 4 4 2 2
b)
θ θ θ
h+z| + ni = cos h+z| + zi + eiφ sin h+z| − zi = cos
2 2 2
!
h̄ θ
P Sz = = | h+z| + ni |2 = cos2
2 2
θ θ θ
h−z| + ni = cos h−z| + zi + eiφ sin h−z| − zi = eiφ sin
2 2 2
!
h̄ θ
P Sz = − = | h−z| + ni |2 = sin2
2 2
c) ! ! !
θ2 h̄ θ h̄ h̄
hSz i = cos + sin2 − = cos θ
2 2 2 2 2
!2
2 h̄ 2
hSz i = cos θ
2
!2 !2 !2
2 θ 2 h̄ θ h̄
2 h̄
hSz i = cos + sin − =
2 2 2 2 2
v
u !2 !2 !
q u h̄ h̄ h̄
∆Sz = hSz 2 i − hSz i2 = t
− cos2 θ = sin θ
2 2 2

1
Problem 1.4
b)
1 1
|+xi = √ |+zi + √ |−zi
2 2
1
h+x| + zi = h+z| + xi∗ = √
2
1
h+x| − zi = h−z| + xi∗ = √
2
!
θ θ 1 θ θ
h+x| + ni = cos h+x| + zi + eiφ sin h+x| − zi = √ cos + eiφ sin
2 2 2 2 2
" #
1  θ θ 
| h+x| + ni | = √  cos + (cos φ + i sin φ) sin


2 2 2 
v
u !2 !2
1 u θ θ θ
= √ t cos + cos φ sin + sin φ sin
2 2 2 2
s
1 θ θ θ θ θ
= √ cos2 + 2 cos φ cos sin + cos2 φ sin2 + sin2 φ sin2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 q
= √ 1 + cos φ sin θ
2
!
h̄ 1 + cos φ sin θ
P Sx = = | h+x| + ni |2 =
2 2
! !
h̄ h̄ 1 + cos φ sin θ 1 − cos φ sin θ
P Sx = − = 1 − P Sx = =1− =
2 2 2 2
c) ! ! !
1 + cos φ sin θ h̄ 1 − cos φ sin θ h̄ h̄
hSx i = + − = cos φ sin θ
2 2 2 2 2
!2
2 h̄
2 2
hSx i = cos φ sin θ
2
!2 !2 !2
2 1 + cos φ sin θ h̄ 1 − cos φ sin θ h̄ h̄
hSx i = + − =
2 2 2 2 2
!
q
2
q
h̄ 2
∆Sx = hSx i − hSx i2 = 1 − cos2 φ sin θ
2
Problem 1.5

2
a)
1 i
|+yi = √ |+zi + √ |−zi
2 2
1
h+y| + zi = h+z| + yi∗ = √
2
i
h+y| − zi = h−z| + yi∗ = − √
2
!
θ θ 1 θ θ
h+y|+ni = cos h+y| + zi + eiφ sin h+y| − zi = √ cos − ieiφ sin
2 2 2 2 2
 
1  θ θ
| h+y|+ni | = √ cos − i(cos φ + i sin φ) sin 
2 2 2
v
u !2 !2
1 u θ θ θ
=√ t
cos + sin φ sin + cos φ sin
2 2 2 2
s
1 θ θ θ θ θ
= √ cos2 + 2 sin φ cos sin + sin2 φ sin2 + cos2 φ sin2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 q
= √ 1 + sin φ sin θ
2
!
h̄ 1 + sin φ sin θ
P Sy = = | h+y| + ni |2 =
2 2
b) !
1 θ ∗ θ
h+n| + yi = h+y| + ni = √ cos + ie−iφ sin
2 2 2
1 + sin φ sin θ
| h+n| + yi |2 = | h+y| + ni |2 =
2
Problem 1.6
θ θ
|−ni = sin |+zi − eiφ cos |−zi
2 2
θ θ
h−n| = sin h+z| − e−iφ cos h−z|
2 2
θ θ
h+n| = cos h+z| + e−iφ sin h−z|
2 2
! !
θ θ θ θ
h+n| − ni = cos h+z| + e−iφ sin h−z| sin |+zi − eiφ cos |−zi
2 2 2 2
θ θ θ θ
= cos sin − sin cos = 0
2 2 2 2
3
 ! !
θ θ θ θ
h−n| − ni = sin h+z| − e−iφ cos h−z| sin |+zi − eiφ cos |−zi
2 2 2 2
θ θ
= sin2 + cos2 = 1
2 2
Problem 1.7
a)
|+zi = |+ni h+n| + zi + |−ni h−n| + zi

θ θ
|+zi = cos |+ni + sin |−ni
2 2
θ
h+n| + zi = h+z| + ni∗ = cos
2
θ
h−n| + zi = h+z| − ni∗ = sin
2
θ
P (1 → 2) = cos2
2

|+ni = |+zi h+z| + ni + |−zi h−z| + ni

θ θ
φ = 0 → |+ni = cos |+zi + sin |−zi
2 2
θ
P (2 → 3) = sin2
2
θ 2θ 1
P (1 → 3) = P (1 → 2)P (2 → 3) = cos2 sin = sin2 θ
2 2 4
b)
π 1 π 1
θ= → P (1 → 3) = sin2 =
2 4 2 4
c)
h−z| + zi = 0

P (1 → 3) = 0
Problem 1.8
s
i 2
|ψi = √ |+zi + |−zi
3 3

4
 s 2
 i 2
  ! ! !
h̄ 2 h̄ 1 h̄
hSz i = √  + − =−
 
 3 2 3 2 3 2
!2
1 2 h̄
hSz i =
9 2
s 2
 i 2
  !2 !2 !2
2 h̄ 2 h̄ h̄
hSz i = √  + − =
 
 3 2 3 2 2
v
u !2 !2 √ !
u h̄ 1 h̄ 2 2 h̄
∆Sz = t
− =
2 9 2 3 2
Problem 1.9

P (ai ) = |eiδ hai |ψi |2 = | hai |ψi |2

|eiδ hai |ψi |2 Si = | hai |ψi |2 Si

X X
hSz i =
i i