SRI

SRIMATHI SUNDARAVALLI MEMORIAL SCHOOL

CHENNAI

CHAPTER 6 – SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS

CLASS : VIII

DATE : 13.10.2021

Natural Numbers Square Numbers

1 12 = 1
2 22 =4
3 32 =9
4 42 = 16
5 52 = 25
6 62 = 36
7 72 = 49
8 82 = 64
9 92 = 81
10 102 = 100
11 112 = 121
12 122 = 144
13 132 = 169
14 142 = 196
15 152 = 225
16 162 = 256
17 172 = 289
18 182 = 324
19 192 = 361
20 202 = 400
21 212 = 441
22 222 = 484
23 232 = 529
24 242 = 576
25 252 = 625

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Square number or Perfect square:

If a natural number m can be expressed as n2 where n is also a natural

number, then m is called a square number.

Properties of square numbers:

• Square numbers always end with 0,1,4,5,6 or 9

Square numbers never end with 2, 3, 7 or 8
• If a number has 1 or 9 in its one’s place, then its square number
ends in 1.
• If a number has 2 or 8 in its one’s place, then its square number
ends in 4.
• If a number has 3 or 7 in its one’s place, then its square number
ends in 9.
• If a number has 4 or 6 in its one’s place, then its square number
ends in 6.
• If a number has 5 in its one’s place, then its square number ends in
5.
• If a number has 0 in its one’s place, then its square number ends
with even number of zeros.
• Square of an odd number is an odd number and the square of an
even number is an even number.

Some patterns on square numbers:

• The square numbers 1, 4, 9, 16 etc which can be expressed as 1, 1 +

3,
4 + 5, 9 + 7 etc respectively and we can have the patterns for the
square numbers as follows.

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 and so on.

• Triangular numbers are 1+2, 3+3, 6+4, 10+5, 15+6, 21+7, 28+8 and so on.
Sum of two consecutive triangular numbers is a square number. We
can have the pattern for triangular number as follows.

and so on.

• The sum of first n odd natural number is n2.

• There are 2n non-perfect square numbers between the square of
numbers n and n + 1.
• If a natural number cannot be expressed as the sum of successive
odd numbers starting with 1, then it is not a perfect square.
• For any odd natural number ‘m’, its square (i.e.) m2 can be written
as the sum of two consecutive positive integers
𝒎𝟐 −𝟏 𝒎𝟐 + 𝟏
and
𝟐 𝟐

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 • For any consecutive odd or even natural numbers we have,
(a – 1) (a + 1) = a2 - 1

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Exercise 6.1

2. The following numbers are not perfect squares. Give reason.

(i) 1057

Solution:

1057 ends with 7 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.

(iii) 7928

Solution:

7928 ends with 8 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.

(vi) 89722

Solution:

89722 ends with 2 at unit place. So it is not a perfect square number.

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7. Without adding, find the sum.

(i) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9

Solution:
We know that the sum of n odd numbers = n2
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = (5)2 = 25 [∵ n = 5]

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(ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19

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Solution:

1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = (10)2 = 100 [∵ n = 10]

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(iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23

Solution:

1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 = (12)2 = 144

[∵ n = 12]

8. (i) Express 49 as the sum of 7 odd numbers.

Solution:
49 can be expressed as 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 (n = 7)

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(ii) Express 121 as the sum of 11 odd numbers.

Solution:

121 can be expressed as 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21

(n = 11)

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9. How many numbers lie between squares of the following numbers?

(i) 12 and 13

Solution:

There are ‘2n’ non-perfect numbers between the squares of the numbers n
and n + 1.

Let n = 12 and n + 1 = 13

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∴ There are 2 × 12 = 24 non perfect square numbers between 122 and 132.
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(iii) 99 and 100.

Solution:

There are ‘2n’ non-perfect numbers between the squares of the numbers n
and n + 1.

Let n = 99 and n + 1 = 100

∴ There are 2 × 99 = 198 non perfect square numbers between 992 and
1002.

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Other patterns in squares:

Consider a number with unit digit 5 i.e. a5

∴ (a5)2 = a (a + 1) hundred + 25

Let a = 2

∴ (25)2 = 2 (2 + 1) hundred + 25

= 2(3) hundred + 25

= 600 + 25

= 625

∴ (25)2 = 625

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Pythagorean triplets:

For any natural number m, we have

(2m)2 + (m2 – 1)2 = (m2 + 1)2

So, 2m, m2 -1, m2 +1 forms a Pythagorean triplets.

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 Exercise 6.2

1. Find the square of the following numbers.

(iv) 93

Solution:

932 = (90 + 3)2

= (90 + 3) (90 + 3)
= 90 (90 + 3) + 3(90 + 3)
= (90)2 + 90 × 3 + 3 × 90 + (3)2
= 8100 + 270 + 270 + 9
= 8649
Thus (93)2 = 8649

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(v) 71

Solution:

712 = (70 + 1)2

= (70 + 1) (70 + 1)
= 70 (70 + 1) + 1(70 + 1)
= (70)2 + 70 × 1 + 1 × 70 + (1)2
= 4900 + 70 + 70 + 1
= 5041
Thus (71)2 = 5041

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(vi) 46

Solution:

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462 = (40 + 6)2

= (40 + 6) (40 + 6)
= 40 (40 + 6) + 6(40 + 6)
= (40)2 + 40 × 6 + 6 × 40 + (6)2
= 1600 + 240 + 240 + 36
= 2116
Thus (46)2 = 2116

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2. Write a Pythagorean triplet whose one member is

(i) 6

Solution:

Let 2m = 6

𝟔
m= =3
𝟐

m2 – 1 = 32 – 1

=9–1=8

m2 + 1 = 32 + 1

= 9 + 1 = 10

∴ The Pythagorean triplet (i.e.) 2m, m2 – 1, m2 + 1 is 6, 8 and 10.

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(ii) 14

Solution

Let 2m = 14

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 𝟏𝟒
m= =7
𝟐

m2 – 1 = 72 – 1

= 49 – 1 = 48

m2 + 1 = 72 + 1

= 49 + 1 = 50

∴ The Pythagorean triplet (i.e.) 2m, m2 – 1, m2 + 1 is 14, 48 and 50.

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(iii) 16

Solution:

Let 2m = 16

𝟏𝟔
m= =8
𝟐

m2 – 1 = 82 – 1

= 64 – 1 = 63

m2 + 1 = 82 + 1

= 64 + 1 = 65

∴ The Pythagorean triplet (i.e.) 2m, m2 – 1, m2 + 1 is 16, 63 and 65.

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HOMEWORK:

EXERCISE 6.1

1, 2 – (ii), (iv), (v), (vii), (viii), 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 – (ii)

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EXERCISE 6.2

1 – (i), (ii), (iii), 2 – (iv)

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SQUARE ROOTS:

Square root is an inverse operation of square. There are two integral

square roots of a perfect square number. Positive square root of a given
number is denoted by the symbol √ .

E.g.: 36 = 6 × 6

√36 = 6

SQUARE ROOT BY PRIME FACTORISATION:

Square root of a given number can be found by prime factorisation

method by writing prime factors in pairs.

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EXERCISE – 6.3

3. Find the square roots of 100 and 169 by the method of repeated
subtraction.

100

Solution:

Using the method of repeated subtraction of consecutive odd numbers, we

have

100 – 1 = 99,

99 – 3 = 96,

96 – 5 = 91,

91 – 7 = 84,

84 – 9 = 75,

75 – 11 = 64,

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64 – 13 = 51,

51 – 15 = 36,

36 – 17 = 19,

19 – 19 = 0

(Ten times repetition)

Thus √100 = 10

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169

Solution:

169 – 1 = 168,

168 – 3 = 165,

165 – 5 = 160,

160 – 7 = 153,

153 – 9 = 144,

144 – 11 = 133,

133 – 13 = 120,

120 – 15 = 105,

105 – 17 = 88,

88 – 19 = 69,

69 – 21 = 48,

48 – 23 = 25,

25 – 25 = 0

(Thirteen times repetition)

Thus √169 = 13

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4. Find the square roots of the following numbers by the prime
factorisation method.

(i) 729

Solution:

729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 32 × 32 × 32

√729 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27

Thus √729 = 27

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(ii) 400

Solution:

400 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 = 22 × 22 × 52

√400 = 2 × 2 × 5 = 20

Thus √400 = 20

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(iii) 1764

Solution:

1764 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 = 22 × 32 × 72

√1764 = 2 × 3 × 7 = 42

Thus √1764 = 42
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(iv) 4096

Solution:

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4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 ×
22
√4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64
Thus √4096 = 64
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(v) 7744
Solution:

7744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 = 22 × 22 × 22 × 112
√7744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 = 88

Thus √7744 = 88
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5. For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole number by
which it should be multiplied so as to get a perfect square number. Also,
find the square root of the square number so obtained.

(i) 252

Solution:

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252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7

In this prime factorisation, 7 is not in a pair of factors.

Thus, 252 should be multiplied by 7 to make it a perfect square.
The new square number is 252 × 7 = 1764
Square root of 1764 is
√1764 = 2 × 3 × 7 = 42

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(iii) 1008

Solution:

1008 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7

In this prime factorisation 7 is not in a pair of factors.

Thus, 1008 should be multiplied by 7 to make it a perfect square.
The new square number = 1008 × 7 = 7056
Square root of 7056 is
√7056 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 84

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(iv) 2028

Solution:

2028 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 13 × 13

In this prime factorisation 3 is not in a pair of factors.

Thus, 2028 should be multiplied by 3 to make it a perfect square.
New square number = 2028 × 3 = 6084
Square root of 6084 is
√6084 = 2 × 13 × 3 = 78

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6. For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole number by
which it should be divided so as to get a perfect square. Also, find the
square root of the square number so obtained.

(i) 252

Solution:

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252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
In this prime factorisation, 7 is not in a pair of factors.

∴ 252 should be divided by 7 to make it a perfect square.

New square number = 252 ÷ 7 = 36

36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Thus, √36 = 6

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(ii) 2925

Solution:

2925 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 13
In the prime factorisation 13 is not in a pair of factors.
∴ 2925 should be divided by 13 to make a perfect square.

New square number = 2925 ÷ 13 = 225

225 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
Thus √225 = 15

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(iv) 2645

Solution:

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2645 = 5 × 23 × 23
In the prime factorisation 5 is not in a pair of factors.

∴ 2645 should be divided by 5 to make it perfect square.

New square number = 2645 ÷ 5 = 529

Thus, √529 = 23

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7. The students of class VIII of a school donated Rs. 2401 in all, for Prime
Minister’s National Relief Fund. Each student donated as many rupees as
the number of students in the class. Find the number of students in the
class.

Solution:

Total amount of money donated = Rs. 2401

To find the total number of students in the class, we need to find √2401

= 7 × 7 = 49

∴ There are 49 students in the class. Each student paid Rs. 49.

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9. Find the smallest square number that is divisible by each of the

numbers 4, 9 and 10.
Solution:

Let us find the prime factorisation of 4, 9, and 10.

2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 180

In the prime factorisation, 5 is not in a pair of factors.

So 180 should be multiplied by 5 to make it a perfect square.

180 × 5 = 900

∴ 900 is the smallest square number which is divisible by 4, 9 and 10.

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Note:

No. of digits for No. of digits of a square

square root number
1 1 or 2
2 3 or 4
3 5 or 6
4 7 or 8
5 9 or 10
6 11 or 12

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 7 13 or 14
8 15 or 16
9 17 or 18
10 19 or 20

HOME WORK:

EXERCISE 6.3

1 – (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

2 - (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

4 – (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

5 – (ii), (v), (vi)

6 - (iii), (v), (vi)

8, 10

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