SRIMATHI SUNDARAVALLI MEMORIAL SCHOOL

CHENNAI

CHAPTER 12 – EXPONENTS AND POWERS

CLASS : VIII

DATE : 21.07.2021
______________________________________________________________________________

LAWS OF EXPONENTS:

1) am × a n = a m + n
2) am ÷ an = a m – n
3) (am)n = amn
4) am × bm = (ab)m
𝒂
5) a m ÷ bm = ( )m
𝒃
6) a0 = 1
𝟏
7) a−m =
𝒂𝒎
𝒂 𝒃
8) ( )−m = ( )m
𝒃 𝒂
9) a =a
1

Where a, b are non-zero rational numbers and m, n are integers.

Exercise 12.1

1. Evaluate:

Solution:

1
 𝟏
[ ∵a−m = ]
𝒂𝒎

Solution:

𝒂 𝒃
[∵ ( )−m = ( )m]
𝒃 𝒂

2. Simplify and express the result in power notation with positive

exponent.

Solution:

[ ∵ am ÷ an = am−n ]

n
𝟏
[∵ a−m = ]
𝒂𝒎

__________________________________________________________________________

Solution:

2
 𝒂 𝒂𝒎
[ ∵ ( )𝒎 = ]
𝒃 𝒃𝒎

[ ∵ (am)n = amn ]

Solution:

𝒂 𝒂𝒎
[ ∵ ( )𝒎 = ]
𝒃 𝒃𝒎

Solution:

[ ∵ am ÷ an = am−n ]

[ ∵ a m × a n = a m + n]

] +n
𝟏
[∵ a−m = ]
𝒂𝒎

3
3. Find the value of.

Solution:

𝟏
[∵ a−m = ]
𝒂𝒎

Solution:

𝒂 𝒃
( )−m = ( )m
𝒃 𝒂

= 4 + 9 + 16 = 29

Solution:

[ ∵ (am)n = amn ]

4
 𝒂 𝒃
[ ∵ ( )−m = ( )m ]
𝒃 𝒂

𝒂 𝒂𝒎
[ ∵ ( )𝒎 = ]
𝒃 𝒃𝒎

4. Evaluate:

Solution:

𝟏 ×𝟓𝟑 ×𝟐𝟒 𝟏
= [ ∵ a−m =
𝒂𝒎
]
𝟖

𝟓 𝟑 × 𝟐𝟒
=
𝟐𝟑

= 125 × 2(4 – 3) [ ∵ am ÷ an = am−n ]

= 125 × 2 n

= 250

5. Find the value of m for which 5m ÷ 5-3 = 55.

Solution:
5m ÷ 5-3 = 55
⇒ 5m − (−3) = 55 [ ∵ am ÷ an = am−n ]
⇒ 5m+3 = 55
Since the bases are same, equate the powers.

5
m+3=5
m=5–3=2

m=2

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Evaluate:

Solution:

3 4 𝒂 𝒃
= [( )1 − ( )1]−1 [ ∵ ( )−m = ( )m ]
1 1 𝒃 𝒂

= (3 – 4)−1

𝟏
= (-1)−1 [ ∵ a−m = ]
𝒂𝒎
1
= = −1
−1

_____________________________________________________________________________

Solution:

6
 𝒂 𝒃
[ ∵ ( )−m = ( )m ]
𝒃 𝒂

[ ∵ a m × a n = a m + n]

𝒂 𝒂𝒎
𝟖𝟑 [ ∵ ( )𝒎 = ]
= 𝒃 𝒃𝒎
𝟓𝟑

7. Simplify:

Solution:

= 3(-5 + 5) × 2(−5 + 5) × 5(−5 + 3 + 7) [ ∵ am × a n = a m + n ] [ ∵ am ÷ an = am−n ]

n
7
= 30 × 20 × 55

= 1 × 1 × 55

= 55

= 3125

HOMEWORK:

EXERCISE: 12.1

1. – (i)

2. – (v)

3. – (i), (iv)

4. – (ii)

7. – (i)

Exercise: 12.2

1. Express the following numbers in standard form:

(i) 0.0000000000085

Solution:

0.0000000000085 = 8.5 × 10−12

(iii) 6020000000000000

Solution:

6020000000000000 = 6.02 × 1015

(iv) 0.00000000837

8
Solution:

0.00000000837 = 8.37 × 10−9

2. Express the following numbers in usual form.

(i) 3.02 × 10-6

Solution:

3.02 × 10-6 = 0.00000302

(iv) 1.0001 × 109

Solution:

1.0001 × 109 = 1000100000

(vi) 3.61492 × 106

Solution:

3.61492 × 106 = 3614920

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Express the number appearing in the following statements in standard

form.

𝟏
(i) 1 micron is equal to m.
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

Solution:

1 micron = 0.000001 m = 1 × 10−6 m = 10−6 m

(ii) Charge of an electron is 0.000,000,000,000,000,000,16 coulomb

Solution:

0.000,000,000,000,000,000,16 = 1.6 × 10−19 coulomb

9
(iv) Size of a plant cell is 0.00001275 m

Solution:

0.00001275 = 1.275 × 10−5 m

4. In a stack there are 5 books each of thickness 20 mm and 5 paper

sheets each of thickness 0.016 mm. What is the total thickness of the
stack?

Solution:

Thickness of one book = 20 mm

Thickness of 5 books = 5 × 20 = 100 mm

Thickness of 1 paper sheet = 0.016 mm

Thickness of 5 paper sheets = 5 × 0.016 mm = 0.08 mm

Total thickness of the stack = 100 mm + 0.08 mm

= 100.08 mm

= 1.0008 × 102 mm

HOMEWORK:

EXERCISE: 12.2

1. – (ii), (v)

2. – (ii), (iii), (v)

3. – (iii), (v)

10