SRI

SRIMATHI SUNDARAVALLI MEMORIAL SCHOOL

CHENNAI

CHAPTER 13 – DIRECT AND INVERSE PROPORTIONS

CLASS : VIII

DATE : 24.11.2021

Proportions:

When two ratios are compared and if they are equal, we say that they
are in proportion.

Direct Proportion:

Two quantities x and y are said to be direct proportion if they increase

(decrease) together in such a manner that the ratio of the
𝒙
corresponding values remains constant (i.e.) = k (k is a positive
𝒚

number), then x and y are said to vary directly. In such a case, if y1, y2
are the values of y corresponding to the values x 1, x2 respectively, then

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EXERCISE 13.1

1. Following are the car parking charges near a railway station upto:
4 hours – Rs. 60
8 hours – Rs. 100
12 hours – Rs. 140
24 hours – Rs. 180

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Check if the parking charges are in direct proportions to the parking
time.

We have the ratio of time period and the parking charge.

Hence parking charges are not in direct proportion to the parking time.
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2. A mixture of paint is prepared by mixing 1 part of red pigments with

8 parts of base. In the following table, find the parts of base that need
to be added.

Solution:
Let the number to be filled in the blanks be a, b, c and d respectively.

Hence the required value of bases are

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3. In Question 2 above, if 1 part of a red pigment requires 75 mL of
base, how much red pigment should we mix with 1800 mL of base?

Solution:

Part of red pigment (x) 1 (x1) x2

Part of base (y) (mL) 75 (y1) 1800 (y2)

Since both increase together, they vary directly.

𝟏
=
𝟕𝟓 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
x2 = = 24
𝟕𝟓

∴ Amount of red pigment which is to be mixed with 1800 mL of base is

24.

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5. A photograph of a bacteria enlarged 50,000 times attains a length of

5 cm as shown in the diagram. What is the actual length of the
bacteria? If the photograph is enlarged 20,000 times only, what would
be its enlarged length?
Solution:

No of times (x) 50000 (x1) 1 (x2) 20000 (x3)

Length in cm (y) 5 (y1) y2 y3

Since they decrease together, they vary directly.

∴ = =

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𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏
=
𝟓

𝟓
y2 = = 0.0001 cm
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

Similarly,

𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝟓

𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟓
y3 =
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

y3 = 2 cm

∴ The actual length of the bacteria is 0.0001 cm. If the photograph is

enlarged 20000 times then the size of the bacteria is 2 cm.

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9. A 5 m 60 cm high vertical pole casts a shadow 3 m 20 cm long. Find

at the same time
(i) the length of the shadow cast by another pole 10 m 50 cm high,
(ii) the height of a pole which casts a shadow 5 m long.

Solution:

(i) 1 m = 100 cm
5 m 60 cm = 5 ×100 + 60 = 560 cm

3 m 20 cm = 3 ×100 + 20 = 320 cm

10 m 50 cm = 10 ×100 + 50 = 1050 cm

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5 m = 5 ×100 = 500 cm

Let the length of the shadow of another pole be x.

Here height of the pole and length of the shadow are in direct
proportion.

560 × x = 1050 × 320

𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟐𝟎
x=
𝟓𝟔𝟎

x = 600

∴ The length of the shadow is 600 cm or 6 m.

(ii) Let the height of the pole be x.

Since both increases, they vary directly.

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x × 320 = 560 × 500

𝟓𝟔𝟎 × 𝟓𝟎𝟎
x=
𝟑𝟐𝟎

x = 875

∴ The height of the pole is 875 cm or 8 m 75 cm.

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HOMEWORK

EXERCISE 13.1

4, 6, 7, 8, 10

Inverse Proportion:

Two quantities x and y are said to be in inverse proportion if an

increase in x causes a proportional decrease in y (and vice-versa) in
such a manner that the product of their corresponding value remains
constant. i.e. if xy = k, then x and y are said to be vary inversely.

In this case, if y1, y2 are the values of y corresponding to the values x 1,

x2 of x respectively. Then

x 1 y 1 = x 2 y2

or

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 EXERCISE 13.2

3. Rehman is making a wheel using spokes. He wants to fix equal

spokes in such a way that the angles between any pair of consecutive
spokes are equal. Help him by completing the following table.

Number of spokes (x) 4 6 8 10 12

The angle between a
pair of consecutive 900 600 - - -
spokes (y)

(i) Are the number of spokes and the angle formed between the pairs of
consecutive spokes in inverse proportion?

Solution:

More the number of spokes, less the measure of angle between a pair of
consecutive spokes. So it is in inverse proportion.

Let the blank spaces be denoted by a, b, and c.

Using the formula x1 y1 = x2 y2

4 × 90° = 8 × a

Hence, the required table is

Number of spokes (x) 4 6 8 10 12

The angle between a

pair of consecutive 900 600 450 360 300
spokes (y)

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Given, 4 × 900 = 6 × 600 = 8 × 450 = 10 × 360 = 12 × 300 = 3600

i.e. xy = k

So, it is clear that it is in inverse proportion.

(ii) Calculate the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes on a wheel

with 15 spokes.

Solution:

If the number of spokes is 15, then

Using the formula x1 y1 = x2 y2

4 × 90° = 15 × x
𝟒 × 𝟗𝟎
x= = 24°
𝟏𝟓

∴ The angle between a pair of consecutive spokes on a wheel with 15

spokes is 240.

(iii) How many spokes would be needed, if the angle between a pair of
consecutive spokes is 40°?

Solution:

If the angle between two consecutive spokes is 40°, then

Using the formula x1 y1 = x2 y2

4 × 90° = y × 40°
𝟒 × 𝟗𝟎
y= = 9 spokes.
𝟒𝟎
Thus the required number of spokes is 9.

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4. If a box of sweets is divided among 24 children, they will get 5
sweets each. How many would each get, if the number of the children is
decreased by 4?

Solution:

No of children (x) 24 (x1) 24 – 4 = 20 (x2)

No of sweets (y) 5 (y1) y2

When the number of children decrease the amount of sweet each child
get increase.

∴ They vary inversely.

Using the formula x1 y1 = x2 y2

24 × 5 = 20 × y2

𝟐𝟒 ×𝟓
y2 =
𝟐𝟎

y2 = 6

∴ Each child will get 6 sweets.

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5. A farmer has enough food to feed 20 animals in his cattle for 6 days.
How long the food last if would there were 10 more animals in his
cattle?

Solution:

No. of animals feed (x) 20 (x1) 20 + 10 = 30 (x2)

No. of days (y) 6 (y1) y2

When the no. of animals increases, the numbers of days get decreased.

∴ They vary inversely.

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Using the formula x1 y1 = x2 y2

20 × 6 = 30 × y2

𝟐𝟎 ×𝟔
y2 = =4
𝟑𝟎

∴ It will last in 4 days.

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6. A contractor estimates that 3 persons could rewire Jasminder’s

house in 4 days. If, he uses 4 persons instead of three, how long should
they take to complete the job?

Solution:

No of person (x) 3 (x1) 4 (x2)

No of days (y) 4 (y1) y2

When the no of persons increase, the number of days will get

decreased. Hence they vary inversely.

Using the formula x1 y1 = x2 y2

3 × 4 = 4 × y2

𝟑 ×𝟒
y2 = =3
𝟒

∴ It will take 3 days to complete the job.

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7. A batch of bottles was packed in 25 boxes with 12 bottles in each

box. If the same batch is packed using 20 bottles in each box, how
many boxes would be filled?

Solution:

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 No of boxes (x) 25 (x1) x2
No of bottles (y) 12 (y1) (20) y2

When the number of bottles increases in a box, the number of box will
get decreased.

Hence they vary inversely.

Using the formula x1 y1 = x2 y2

25 × 12 = x2 × 20

𝟐𝟓 ×𝟏𝟐
x2 = = 15
𝟐𝟎

∴ 15 boxes will be filled.

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HOME WORK

EXERCISE 13.2:

1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11

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CHAPTER 15 – INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS

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(Note: Write this lesson in graph note as per teacher’s instruction.)

LINE GRAPH:

A line graph displays data that changes continuously over periods of time.

LINEAR GRAPH:

A Line graph consists of line segment joined consecutively, sometimes the

graph may be whole unbroken line. Such a graph is called a linear graph.

EXERCISE - 15.1

5. Use the tables below to draw linear graph:

(a) The number of days a hillside city recovered show in different

years.

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006

Days 8 10 5 12

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5. b) Population (in thousands) of men and women in a village is
different years.

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Number of 12 12.5 13 13.2 13.5
Men
Number of 11.3 11.9 13 13.6 12.8
Women

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 EXERCISE – 15.2

1. Plot the following points on a graph sheet. Verify if they lie on a line.
(a) A (4, 0), B(4, 2), C(4, 6), D(4, 2.5)

Ans:
Yes, ABCD lie on the same line.

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1. (b) P(1, 1), Q(2, 2), R(3, 3), S(4, 4)

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1. (c) K(2, 3), L(5, 3), M(5, 5), N (2, 5)

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2. Draw the line passing through (2, 3) and (3, 2). Find the coordinates
of the points at which this line meets the x-axis and y-axis.

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 EXCERCISE – 15.3

1. Draw the graphs for the following tables of values, with suitable
scales on the axes.
(a) Cost of apples

Number of 1 2 3 4 5
apples
Cost in 5 10 15 20 25
(Rs)

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1. b) Distance travelled by car.
Time 6 am 7 am 8 am 9 am
(in hours)
Distance 40 80 120 160
(in km)

(i) How much distance did the car cover during the period 7:30
am to 8 am?
120 km – 100 km = 20 km.

(ii) What was the time when the car had covered a distance of
100 km since its start?
7:30 am.

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1. (c) Interest on deposits for a year.
Deposits (in Rs.) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Simple Interest 80 160 240 320 400

(in Rs.)

(i) Does the graph pass through the origin?

Yes, the graph passes through the origin.

(ii) Use the graph to find the interest on ? 2500 for a year.
Rs. 200 is the interest on Rs. 2500 for a year.

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(iii) To get an interest of t 280 per year, how much money should be
deposited?
To get interest of Rs. 280 per year, we should deposit Rs. 3500.

2. (i) Draw the graph for the following:

Side of Square 2 3 3.5 5 6
(in cm)
Perimeter 8 12 14 20 24
(in cm)

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 Is it a Linear graph?

Yes, Since all five points lie on the straight line, they form a linear
graph.

2. (ii)
Side of Square 2 3 4 5 6
(in cm)
Area 4 9 16 25 36
(in cm2)

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 Is it a linear graph?
No, since all five points does not lie on the straight line, they
do not form a linear graph.
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HOME WORK:

EXERCISE: 15.1 - 6

EXERCISE: 15.2 - 3

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