Complex Numbers

Form: 6L November 3, 2021: 90 minutes

November 4, 2021: 50 Minutes

Objectives

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Prerequisites

• The ability to use the quadratic formula to solve quadratic

equations.
• Strong factorization ability.
• Ability to solve quadratic equations with the quadratic
formula.
• Basic knowledge of the Cartesian Plane.
• Basics of surds.
Number Systems

• Let us engage our mathematical minds by revisiting a few

concepts from our set of real numbers.
Number Systems

• How many subsets are there with the overall set of real
numbers?

• Can we find all of these numbers on a number line?

• If a number is not real then what would it be?

Subsets Within The Real Number System
Subsets Within The Real Number System

• As we can see we are used to working with the real

numbers. We have all at some time or another calculated
or used a real number to calculate a natural number,
whole number, integer, rational number or irrational
number.

• Numbers are classified this way because mathematics

developed throughout history. Certain concepts are more
recent than others. Numbers like zero, took a long time to
develop as a concept and then to slowly penetrate
through the varying forms of human civilization.
Subsets Within The Real Number System

• Natural numbers or counting numbers, are the

numbers that are the least abstract. We almost always
start counting from 1. So when the number zero was
introduced to the overall number system the concept of an
empty space allowed us to think of numbers in a new
way, rather than just implements for counting things. The
concept of nothing being represented symbolically had a
profound change on not only mathematics but also
culture. The addition of this abstact concept to the number
system gave us the Whole numbers, which start at zero.
Subsets Within The Real Number System

• Negative numbers, were soon to follow as these

numbers were probably a result of growing complexity
within matters of trade amongst humans. As our societies
became more complex, the concept of a number
representing an amount owed, or an amount to be paid to
settle a balance would become more and more popular.

• Negative numbers and Whole numbers were combined

to form the even more abstract concept of the numberline
consisting of Integers.
Subsets Within The Real Number System

• Rational Numbers were next as they represented the

next step in a more abstract approac to mathematics. The
space between a 0 and 1 on the number line can be
divided. As we found different ways to represent these
terms, we discovered a set of numbers called rational
numbers. Rational numbers can be written as fractions,
that when written in decimal form, contain a finite number
of figures after the decimal point, or settle into a repeating
set of integers after the decimal point.
Subsets Within The Real Number System

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Subsets Within The Real Number System

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Complex Numbers

• What is a complex number?

• When we think of algebra, and we are asked to solve an

equation to identify a specific solution we normally think of
those solutions as numbers existing somewhere on the
real number line which consists of all our subsets within
the number system. However, we have all tried solving a
quadratic equation and getting a result which includes the
square-root of a negative number. However, we were all
told that such a thing is not possible.
Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

• What is a complex number?

• But how can that be? We have all been taught that the
square roots of negative numbers don’t exist.
Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

• What is a complex number?

• The square root of a negative number is the basis for a

completely different classification of number.

• The real numbers exist on a number line and are

considered one dimensional as a result.

• Complex numbers are two dimensional and exist on a

plane.
Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

• Assignment

• State three industries in-which the application complex

numbers in mathematics play a significant role.

• Give two examples of comlex functions and state how they are
normally applied.

• State what is an Argand diagram.

Lesson 2 - Complex Calculations

• Questions From Last Class

• State three industries in-which the application complex
numbers in mathematics play a significant role.

• Give two examples of comlex functions and state how they are
normally applied.

• State what is an Argand diagram.

Lesson 2 - Complex Calculations

• Do you think complex calculations will be very different from

real numbers?

• Do you think PEMDAS will still apply to these numbers?

• Can you imagine how to multiply a two dimensional number?

Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations

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Complex Calculations Recap

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Complex Calculations Recap

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Complex Calculations Recap

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Complex Numbers: Assignment

• State clearly what are complex conjugates.

• State a property of complex conjugates.