Name:

ID:

Department of Pharmacy
Assignment, Summer 2021
Course Code: PHR 211
Course Title: Biostatistics

Randomly ask 20 people the following and record their values: (Please refer to
the excel sheet to see which question you have been assigned)
1. What percentage of males in Bangladesh they think have taken both
doses of the Covid-19?
2. What percentage of females in Bangladesh they think have taken both
doses of the Covid-19?
3. What percentage of males in Bangladesh they think have been affected
by Covid-19?
4. What percentage of females in Bangladesh they think have been affected
by Covid-19?
5. What percentage of males in Bangladesh they think have Diabetes?
6. What percentage of females in Bangladesh they think have Diabetes?
7. What percentage of males in Bangladesh they think have CVS
(cardiovascular) diseases?
8. What percentage of females in Bangladesh they think have CVS
(cardiovascular) diseases?
9. What percentage of males in Bangladesh they think have Arthritis?
10.What percentage of females in Bangladesh they think have Arthritis?
You can survey university students, college students, Professionals working in
organizations* or Brac University faculty members. Please note that all 20
people you survey should have the same occupation.

*If you have difficulties finding survey participants for this occupation, you can request help
from your course instructors.
Please remember the following as you conduct your assignment:

 Each student must have individual data sets. Any students with copied data sets will be
penalized.
 Also note that the people you survey CANNOT be your classmates.
 You must submit a file with the survey and results along with your assignment.

Assignment Questions
Collect the Data
1. Calculate the following values.
a. 𝑥̅ = _____
b. s2 = _____
c. s = _____
2. Construct a histogram. Make four to five intervals. Sketch the graph using a ruler and
pencil and scale the axes.
3. Using the histogram, calculate the grouped mean, grouped variance and grouped standard
deviation.
4. Are the data discrete or continuous? How do you know?
5. In complete sentences, describe the shape of the histogram.
Analyze the Data
1. Determine the following values.
a. Min = _____
b. Median = _____
c. Mode= _____
d. Max = _____
e. Q1 = _____
f. Q3 = _____
g. IQR = _____
2. Construct a box plot of data
3. What does the shape of the box plot imply about the concentration of data? Use complete
sentences.
 4. How does the standard deviation help you to determine concentration of the data and
whether or not there are potential outliers?
5. What does the IQR represent in this problem?
6. Show your work to find the value that is 1.5 standard deviations:
a. above the mean
b. below the mean
7. Are there any potential outliers? List the value(s) that could be outliers. Use a formula to
check the end values to determine if they are potential outliers.
Answer Questions Regarding the Data
1. Using your mean and standard deviation determine the z score values of all your data
values.
2. If nothing is known about the shape of your data, between which 2 data values will 75%
of your data lie?
3. If the data is normally distributed,
a. between which 2 values will 68.26% of your data lie?
b. beyond which 2 values will results be considered as outliers?

Go back and ask the same participants to rate on a scale of 1-10 how controlled
they think the disease is in Bangladesh:
Correlation and Covariance
We want to check if there is a relationship between the percentages recorded earlier and how the
participants rate the disease situation in Bangladesh currently. Using the two sets of data calculate
the covariance, correlation coefficient and determine if a relationship exists between the two.
T-test
The percentages recorded from another group 20 participants are given below:
Participant number Response
(percentage)
1 55
2 48
3 79
4 90
5 34
6 22
7 80
8 65
9 60
 10 46
11 50
12 62
13 69
14 57
15 34
16 43
17 47
18 56
19 52
20 37

Using these results, and assuming an alpha value of 0.05, conduct an appropriate T-test and
determine if there are any significant differences between your results and the second set of results.

Other Questions:
Probability and Bayes Theorem
1. If a woman takes an early pregnancy test, she will either test positive, meaning that the test
says she is pregnant, or test negative, meaning that the test says she is not pregnant.
Suppose that if a woman really is pregnant, there is a 96% chance that she will test positive.
Also, suppose that if a woman really is not pregnant, there is a 98% chance that she will
test negative.
a) Suppose that 1,000 women take early pregnancy tests and that 100 of them really
are pregnant. What is the probability that a randomly chosen woman from this
group will test positive?
b) Suppose that a woman tests positive. What is the probability that she really is
pregnant?
2. Suppose that a medical test has a 94% chance of detecting a disease if the person has it
(i.e., 94% sensitivity) and a 96% chance of correctly indicating that the disease is absent if
the person really does not have the disease (i.e., 96% specificity). Suppose 10% of the
population has the disease.
a) What is the probability that a randomly chosen person will test positive?
b) Suppose that a randomly chosen person does test positive. What is the probability
that this person really has the disease?
Binomial Distribution
The probability that a patient recovers from a rare and dangerous side effect of the Covid-19
vaccine is 0.4. If 15 people are known to have shown this side effect, what is the probability that:
a. at least 10 survive
b. from 3 to 8 survive
c. exactly 5 survive

Poisson Distribution
Ten is the average number of Covid-19 vaccine shipments arriving each day at a certain port. The
facilities at the port can handle at most 15 shipments per day. What is the probability that on a
given day shipments have to be turned away?

Normal Distribution
1. Given a normal distribution with μ = 40 and σ = 6, find the value of x that has a
a. 45% of the area to the left and
b. 14% of the area to the right.

2. In The average grade for an exam is 74, and the standard deviation is 7. If 12% of the class
is given As, and the grades are curved to follow a normal distribution, what is the lowest
possible A and the highest possible B?
3. Suppose that the height of Brac University female students has normal distribution with
mean of 64 inches and standard deviation of 8 inches.
a. Calculate the probability that the height of a student will be less than 70 inches.
b. Calculate the probability that the height of a student will be greater than 85 inches.
c. Suppose you learn that 5% of the females are shorter than 60 inches. What would
be the standard deviation?
d. If a student’s is in the highest 8%, then what would the minimum height of this
student be?