SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA

Name: JOHN PAOLO BAYRO LACANILAO (04210003511)

Section: MEDTECH 2-Y1-IRREG
Subject: CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY - LECTURE

CONTROL OF MICROBES:

Differentiate the following and give examples.

A. Dry heat sterilization

It is used on items that cannot get wet and for glassware, oils, powders, metal
instruments, and items wrapped in paper. Dry heat sterilization uses high temperatures to kill
microorganisms and bacterial spores. Another type of sterilization by heat uses moist heat. Both
are acceptable and used to sterilize different types of equipment. Dry heat sterilization requires
higher temperatures and longer exposure times than moist heat sterilization

There are several different types of dry heat sterilization such as:

 A hot air oven in which there is static air (heating coils on the bottom) or forced air hot air
oven (motorized blower) that are used differently
 Incineration, which burns medical waste that's disposable
 Flaming which involves exposing objects to direct fire or flame

B. Moist heat sterilization

Moist heat sterilization using autoclave is commonly used for the sterilization of
biohazardous trash, heat, and moisture resistant materials such as aqueous preparation (culture
media). This method is also used for the sterilization of surgical dressings and medical devices.
Moist heat destroys microorganisms by the irreversible denaturation of enzymes and structural
proteins. The temperature at which denaturation occurs varies inversely with the amount of
water present. Sterilization in saturated steam thus requires precise control of time, temperature,
and pressure.

Moist heat sterilization is the sterilization technique using high-pressure steam. Based on the
temperature of sterilization, moist heat sterilization is classified as :

 Temperature below 100 C Example: Pasteurisation ; Pasteurised milk.

 Temperature at 100C Example:Tyndallisation
 Steam Under Pressure. Example: Autoclave

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

Give examples of disinfectants and indicate their contact time

 Alcohol. - 2-10 minutes of contact time for 70% concentration and 5- 15 minutes if using
greater concentrations of alcohol are used (not to exceed 80%
 Chlorine and chlorine compounds. - 2-10 mins
 Formaldehyde - 2 hours
 Glutaraldehyde - 5mins at 35C
 Hydrogen peroxide - 45-72 mins
 Peracetic acid - 10-15mins

Which is more important to ensure efficiency of disinfectants?

A. Contact time
B. pH
C. Temperature

ANSWER:
All the factors influencing the disinfection efficiency of chlorine discussed above, the
most important are free residual concentration, contact time, pH and water temperature. The
term 'free residual' refers to the amount of free chlorine remaining after the disinfection process
has taken place.

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE