CHAPTER 4 - STARTING AND TAXYING

CONTENTS

Page

ENGINE STARTING .. . .. S . .. .. .. .. .. 1

B e f o r e starting .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Start .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. ..
F a i l u r e to start .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
..
I U s e of H . P . cock lever d u r i n g s t a r t i n g .. .. ..
..
GROUND RUNNING .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
..
I TAXYING .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. 5

JK
Hsn
FDa
6Av

J u l y 76 Contents
Chapter 4
 CHAFTER 4 - STARTING AND TAXYING

ENGINE STARTING

To prevent hot starts where conditions of strong surface winds persist,

starting with the aircraft tail into wind should be avoided if possible.

The Operator's starting drill need not necessarily follow the sequence given.
For the complete sequence of operations, see the relevant Aircraft Manual.

Before starting

Electrical supply On
H.P. fuel cock Shut (fuel off)
Wat er/met hanol Off
F.F.P.S. lever Check withdrawn
Flying control lock lever Check on
Propeller Ground fine pitch: the marks on
spinner and blades aligned. If
necessary, operate feather pump
switch to obtain alignment
Propeller parking brake Off
F.F.P. stop removed warning light On
Below F.F.P. stop warning light On
Fire warning system Test
Propeller synchro system Off
Fuel heater switches Off (warning lights out)
L.P. cocks Check open
Throttles Fully closed
Fuel datum ( 5 aat plus 10 deg.C. O.A.T. and above
(100% below plus 10 deg.C. O.A.T.
Fuel pumps Switch on
Fuel pressure warning lights Out
Relight switches Off (warning lights out)

NOTE: The trim settings given above are recommended for normal starting.
If hotter than normal starts are experienced it is permissible to
attempt starts at a lower trim setting. This is preferable to
controlling J.P.T. with the H.P. cock during the starting cycle.

1
June 17/68 Chapter 4
 Start

ENGINE STARTING s w i t c h - START

ENGINE STARTING s e l e c t o r s w i t c h - PORT o r STBD a s r e q u i r e d
ENGINE STARTING push b u t t o n - P r e s s u n t i l r.p.m. begin t o r i s e
When t h e e n g i n e speed r e a c h e s 1 , 2 0 0 t o 1 , 5 0 0 r.p.m.
H.P. COCK l e v e r - S e l e c t ON f o r t h e a p p r o p r i a t e e n g i n e

CAUTION: 1. THE ENGINE STARTING PUSH BUTTON MUST NOT BE PRESSED WHILE THE
PROPELLER IS ROTATING. I F , THEREFORE, THE BUTTON DOES NOT HOLD
IN DURING THE START, IT MUST NOT BE PRESSED AGAIN UNTIL THE
PROPELLER HAS CEASED TO ROTATE.

THE ENGINE STARTING PUSH BUTTON MUST NOT BE PULLED OUT BEFORE THE
ENGINE HAS STARTED, AS INDICATED BY AT LEAST 3 , 5 0 0 R.P.M. WITHOUT
EXCESSIVE J . P. T.

TO PREVENT HOT STARTS, THROTTLES MUST NOT BE MOVED FROM THE FULLY
CLOSED POSITION AT ANY TIME DURING THE START.

With a normal s t a r t , t h e r.p.m. w i l l rise soon a f t e r p r e s s i n g t h e s t a r t e r

b u t t o n , and a f t e r l i g h t up t h e j . p . t . w i l l r i s e and t h e e n g i n e w i l l a c c e l e r a t e
t o s t e a d y i d l i n g , whereupon t h e j . p . t . w i l l f a l l within the idling limitations.

The maximum i n d i c a t e d j . p . t . p e r m i t t e d f o r s t a r t i n g i s 640 deg.C.

Temperatures approaching t h i s l i m i t may be reached a t e x t r e m e l y c o l d ambient
c o n d i t i o n s , b u t t h e normal s t a r t i n g j . p . t . w i l l be o f t h e o r d e r of 450 t o
NS14
550 deg.C.
;Q+
AV
I t i s a d v i s a b l e t o c a n c e l t h e s t a r t b e f o r e 640 deg.C. i s reached i f i t
becomes obvious from t h e r a t e of r i s e of j . p . t . t h a t t h i s l i m i t w i l l be exceeded.

The c a u s e of h i g h j . p . t . may be due t o i n s u f f i c i e n t s t a r t e r t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e

a t the current required. The s o u r c e of power s h o u l d , t h e r e f o r e , be checked.

Chapter 4
 When s t e a d y c o n d i t i o n s a r e obtained:

O i l pressure - Check needle off s t o p ; i f p r e s s u r e

i s not i n d i c a t e d , move H.P. COCK l e v e r
t o SHUT immediately

ENGINE STARTING switch - SAFE

Failure t o s t a r t

I f t h e engine f a i l s t o l i g h t w i t h i n 20 seconds of a c t i v a t i o n of t h e s t a r t e r
c
.rl
m motor, a s i n d i c a t e d by t h e j . p . t . f a i l i n g t o rise, o r i f , having l i t , t h e engine
C,
.,-l
k
r.p.m. f a i l t o r i s e above motoring speed ( 2 , 4 0 0 r.p.m. max.) when t h e time l i m i t
m
of 30 seconds on t h e s t a r t e r motor has elapsed:
-
C)

H.P. COCK l e v e r OFF

" ENGINE STARTING switch - SAFE

Q,
C, ENGINE STARTING push button - Check out
. C
.rl
L, A f u r t h e r attempt t o s t a r t must not be made u n t i l t h e p r o p e l l e r has stopped
a
rotating. I f t h e r e has been any delay i n moving t h e H.P. COCK t o OFF, c a r r y
out a motoring c y c l e . T h i s should be done i n any c a s e a f t e r a second f a i l u r e
t o light.
I
l To motor t h e engine o v e r , t h e normal s t a r t i n g d r i l l must be followed except
for:

H.P. COCK l e v e r - OFF

, ENGINE STARTING switch - BLCW OUT
,!

When c a r r y i n g out a motoring c y c l e , a 30 seconds l i m i t a t i o n of t h e s t a r t e r

motor must be observed by s e t t i n g t h e ENGINE STARTING switch t o SAFE and
checking t h a t t h e push b u t t o n is out.

I NmE: A f t e r s i x consecutive s t a r t i n g o r motoring c y c l e s a t l e a s t l 5 minutes

I must e l a p s e t o allow t h e s t a r t e r motor t o cool.

I Only f o u r consecutive s t a r t i n g o r motoring c y c l e s a r e permitted on

i I internal batteries.

3
J u l y 76
chapter 4
 U s e of t h e H,.P. COCK l e v e r d u r i n g s t a r t i n g
When i t a p p e a r s from t h e r a t e of rise of t h e j . p . t . t h a t t h e l i m i t of
640 deg.C. w i l l be exceeded, and t i m e and s e r v i c e c o n d i t i o n s demand, t h e n H.P.
COCK m e t e r i n g i s p e r m i t t e d a s f o l l o w s :

A s the j.p.t. p a s s e s r a p i d l y through 600 deg.C., e a s e t h e H.P. COCK l e v e r back

g r a d u a l l y towards t h e OFF p o s i t i o n t o r e d u c e t h e f u e l f l o w s l i g h t l y and t o
maintain the j.p.t. within t h e l i m i t without reducing t h e engine's a c c e l e r a t i o n
t o i d l i n g r.p.m.

CAUTION: GREAT CARE MUST BE EXERCISED IN USING THIS METHOD OF FUEL METERING.

T h i s p r o c e d u r e must be r e g a r d e d a s a n emergency measure a n d , whenever u s e d ,

must be r e c o r d e d and r e p o r t e d a s a s t a r t i n g f a u l t .

GROUND RUNNING

CAUTION: RUNNING, OTHER THAN TRANSISTORY, BETWEEN 1 3 , 3 0 0 AND 1 3 , 7 0 0 ENGINE

R.P.M. IS ONLY PERMISSIBLE I F OPERATIOWALLY NECESSARY.

I t i s recammended t h a t prolonged ground r u n n i n g s h o u l d b e a v o i d e d , and t h a t t h e

u s e of s u s t a i n e d e n g i n e r.p.m. between 7 , 5 0 0 and 9 , 5 0 0 s h o u l d a l s o be a v o i d e d
where p r a c t i c a b l e .
JK
Hsn CAUTION: THE CONTROL LOCK LEVER MUST BE 'ON' DURING GROUND RUNNING OF EITHER
FDa
OF THE ENGINES, TO ENSURE THAT THE FLIGHT FINE PITCH STOPS REMAIN
6A v
WITHDRAWN. THUS, GROUND FINE PITCH IS AVAILABLE TO BOTH PROPELLERS
AND THE ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC STOP IS ISOLATED FOR BOTH PROPELLERS.

Rapid acceleration/deceleration t h r o u g h o u t t h e r a n g e , Min. C o n s t a n t Speed -

Take-off - Min. C o n s t a n t S p e e d , c a n produce h i g h p r o p e l l e r b l a d e stresses when
t h e a i r c r a f t is s t a t i o n a r y . T h r o t t l e movement t h r o u g h o u t t h i s r a n g e must be
smooth and p r o g r e s s i v e , t a k i n g n o t less t h a n 5 s e c o n d s t o a c c - m p l i s h e i t h e r way.
Extreme c a r e s h o u l d be t a k e n i n t h e 1 3 , 5 0 0 t o 1 4 , 5 0 0 r.p.m. range.

1 J u l y 76 4
Chapter 4
 TAXYING

CAUTION: RUNNING, OTHER THAN TRANSISTORY, BETWEEN 1 3 , 3 0 0 AND 1 3 , 7 0 0 ENGINE

R . P. M. IS ONLY PERMISSIBLE I F OPERATIONALLY NECESSARY.

The CONTROL LOCK l e v e r must be ON.

The FINE PITCH STOP l e v e r must be i n t h e WITHDRAWN p o s i t i o n .

S u s t a i n e d r.p.m. between 7,500 and 9 , 5 0 0 s h o u l d be a v o i d e d where p r a c t i c a b l e .

Below F.F.P. s t o p warning l i g h t s may go o u t i n t e r m i t t e n t l y d u r i n g t a x y i n g .

JK
Hsn
FDa
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Chapter 4