R O L L S - R O Y CE AERO ENGINE

MAINTENANCE

TABLE OF CON~ENTS

Chapter 26 - Fire protection

Fire protection
Power plant ,and zone 4 fire protection
Firewire
Engine internal overheat detection
Power plant fire extinguishing

26
Page 1 . '
 Maintenance Manual

. ,. . . . . : c -
. ., .... , . . .>; ,;. .........: . . .. .: s : : . . . "
1,

.. ,(l,): ' ~ e t e ~ t i oofn; f i e ..in a,poyey ..pl.ant:or..Zone.&- or .i&rnal overheat in an

.. . . . ., . engine,?. . . . . ... , ..... . ... . :. . . . . .
I
..v,-..>* .1 ;' . L ' . : : ...
i "".. .- .
-:. . (2) . warningto the c+&'that.h or o + . & ~ e ~ i - ~ c. o . ~ d ~ i .o ~.
(3) Means of extinguishing a f i r e in the power plant, Zone 4, crew or
, passenger compartment.
(4) Prevention of f i r e in the event of a crash.

For the purpose of f i r e limitation, each nacGellei s divided into four separately
ventilated zones by fireproof bulkheads. Fig. 1. L

Zone 1 - Extends from the propeller to the engine fireproof bulkhead.

zone 2 - Extends f r o m the engine fireproofbulkhead to the nacelle
fireproof bulkhead. -
.
Zone 3 -i S.

Includes the area-around the jet pipe aft of the nacelle fireproof
bulkhead and the main landing gear bay.
Zone 4 - The accessory drive gearbox bay.
-..- . . I ' S:,
-
.- r -

I KEY I

FIRE ZONES IN NACELLE

FIGURE I

TP. 1 26-00
-October 2 4 / 6 0 'Page 1
 Maintenance Manual

FIRE PROTECTION; GENERAL DESCRIPTION

F i r e in Zones 1, 2 and 4 i s detected by a continuous loop of Firewire sensitive to heat

throughout i t s length. Excessive heat a t any point of the Firewire operates a control
unit which energises a f i r e warning lamp in the crew compartment. The Firewire
automatically r e s e t s when conditions return to normal. Should the Firewire be
severed, the parts remaining connected to the control unit a r e still sensitive and will
give warning in the event of fire. A test switch i s provided for testing the f i r e
warning circuit.

An overheat condition inside an engine i s detected by a unit resetting detector, one

mounted in an extension of each engine breather pipe. The detector sense S an
excessive r i s e in temperature within the engine and close S a circuit to operate an
engine overheat warning lamp in the crew compartment. When conditions return to
normal the detector automatically resets.

F i r e in a power plant or Zone 4 i s suppressed by methyl bromide fluid, which i s

stored under p r e s s u r e in two extinguisher bottles and released electrically. A com-
mon feed pipeline supplies methyl bromide to Zones 1, 2 and 4 simultaneously. A
spray ring in each of these zones is routed such that the methyl bromide vapour i s
mixed with the incoming ventilating a i r . The contents of one or both extinguishers
may be discharged to either power plant installation.

F i r e protection in the crew and passenger compartments i s provided by hand operated

extinguishers supported in brackets from which they can easily be removed.

In the event of a crash, f i r e protection i s provided by two frangible switches, one

located in each main landing gear bay. Operation of the port or starboard switch:-

(1) F i r e s the respective power plant fire extinguisher.

(2) Disconnects the respective battery from the centre bus bar system.
(3) Operates the respective emergency lights.

26-00 TP. 1.
Page 2 October 24m
 MAINTENANCE MANUAL

I POWER PLANT AND ZONE 4 FIRE PROTECTION; MAINTENANCE :PRACTICES

A. Engine f i r e warning circuLt t e s t

(1) Switch on 276 5 volte~d.c. external supply and No. 1 and No. 2 invertorsi
(2) Connect a variable 200 to 5,500 ohm resistance, 4 watts ( a r . 2 0 ~ ~
ambient) a c r o s s terminals A-B of the port engine ,firewPirerelay unit,
located on the forward relay panel,
(3) Set the r e s i s t a n ~ eto 1,250 ohms and d e p r e s s the f i r e warning t e s t push
switch* The engine f i r e warning lamp should not light.
,(4) Reduce the resistance to 500 ohms and d e p r e s s the t e s t button. The
warning lamp sliould light and the fire warning bell commence to ring.
Operate the bell cancel push b ~ ~ t t oand
n the bell should cease to ring and
.. the warning lamp should remain illuminated.
(5) With the test button still depressed increase the resistance until the
warning lamp i s extinguished. This should occur between 1300 and
5350 ohms.
(6) Disconnect the resistance.
(7) Repeat items (1)to (6) inclusive for the starboard engine firewire relay
unit.
(8) Switch O F F No. 1 and No. 2 invertors and the 27. 5 volts d. c . supply.

TP, 1 26-10-0
Febraury 24/64 Page 201 , I .
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 Maintenance Manual

FIRE WIRE: DESCRIPTION, OPERATION AND DATA

1. DESCRIPTION (.Fig. 1)
Each F i r e w i r e f i r e detection s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of flexible sensing element% coupling
units, bulkhead fittings and a control unit. Operating i n conjunction with these units
a r e two f i r e warning lamps and a f i r e warning bell. The F i r e w i r e i s routed i n a
continuous loop, around Zones 1, 2 and 4 of each power plant installation. I t i s
designed t o give the maximum high speed f i r e and high temperature detection and
rapid cancellation of the warning when the f i r e o r overheat condition h a s been
controlled.

The flexible F i r e w i r e sensing e l e m e n t s c o n s i s t of stainle s S steel capillarie S, provided

with i n t e g r a l m e a n s of interconnection and a CO-axial centre conductor. The c e n t r a l
electrode i s separated f r o m the walls of the capillary by a filling m a t e r i a l , the
e l e c t r i c a l r e s i s t a n c e of which d e c r e a s e s with i n c r e a s e in t e m p e r a t u r e and conversely
i n c r e a s e s a s the t e m p e r a t u r e d e c r e a s e s . E a c h end fitting contains a c e r a m i c
insulating bush and CO-axial centre pin assembly. The elements a r e provided with
standard Whitworth hexagon coupling nuts.

The bulkhead fittings a r e flange mounted adaptor units accepting the CO-axialfitting
on one side of the bulkhead and on the other si-de 4- B. A. terminals f o r e l e c t r i c a l
cable connections. Terminal pins f o r negative r e t u r n leads to the control unit, and
protective t e r m i n a l covers with A. G. S . cable e n t r i e s , a r e provided.

Split silicone rubber bushes a r e used i n conjunction with the F i r e w i r e securing clips.

2. OPERATION
When any p a r t of the F i r e w i r e sensing element i s heated t o a certain level, the
r e s i s t a n c e of the capillary filling m a t e r i a l d e c r e a s e s sufficiently t o allow the s m a l l
stand-by c u r r e n t flow through the control unit r e l a y coil t o i n c r e a s e and close i t s
warning c i r c u i t contacts.

When subsequently the source of overheat o r the f i r e i s removed, the, r e s i s t a n c e of

the element r i s e s causing the detector r e l a y c u r r e n t flow to d e c r e a s e t o a l e v e l which
allows the control unit r e l a y contacts t o open and the warning to be cancelled.

Since the F i r e w i r e s y s t e m h a s a power supply t o each end i t will s t i l l continue t o

function a s a f i r e and overheat detector even though a F i r e w i r e sensing element i s
completely severed a t one point.

Operation of the c i r c u i t t e s t switch s i m u l a t e s a lowering of the sensing element

resistance, thereby functionally testing the i n t e r n a l c i r c u i t of the control unit and
continuity of the sensing element c e n t r a l electrode. This allows the control unit
r e l a y contacts t o close and the f i r e warning indicating c i r c u i t to operate.

T.P. 1 26-10-1
October 2 4 / 6 0 Page 1
 M a i n t e n a n c e Manual

/ NACELLE SLOPING
BULKHEAD '

FIREWIRE l NSTALLATI ON
26-10-1 FIGURE I
Page 2 December 2/60
 MAINTENANCE MANUAL

FIREW IRE ; DESCRIPTION, OPERATION AND DATA

3. DATA

Des c r i ~ t i o n P a r t No. Nominal length Continuity / W eight

and t o l e r a n c e s -ohms.

Element D891 / N o r
D23701120
1°' - O i l
+3.Ot1
-0.011 20 - 32.5 3 oz.

Element D890/N o r
D2370160 .
51 - 0 1 1 + l . 0"
-0.0"
10 - 16.25 2 oz.

Element D1384/N o r 2,-611 +3*0"

-0. 0"
3.5 - 8.5 l . 6 oz.
D2370/30

Element 1 . 5 oz.

Minimum bend r a d i u s - 1.0 in.

Securing clip c e n t r e s - 9.0 in. (maximum)
Coupling nut t o r q u e
Eoading - 80 - 100 lb. /in.
E l e c t r i c a l power supply - 1 15v. 400 c / s a. c.

TP. 1 26-10-1
May 1 / 6 4 Page 3
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 MAINTENANCE MANUAL

FIREW IRE: MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

REMOVAL (Fig. 201 and 202)

CAUTION: I F A FIREWIRE IS BEING REMOVED BECAUSE IT HAS FRACTURED,

AND A FIREWIRE HAS FRACTURED BEFORE IN THE SAME
LOCALITY WITHIN A SHORT PERIOD O F TIME FOR NO APPARENT
REASON, REFER TO: 71-00, POWER PLANT TROUBLE SHOOTING - -
ROUGH RUNNING.
A. Zones 1 and 2
To remove any section of F i r e w i r e i n zones 1 o r 2 proceed a s follows:-

(1) Open o r remove engine panels a s r e q u i r e d to obtain a c c e s s to F i r e w i r e .

(2) Remove locking f r o m F i r e w i r e end fittings and undo couplings.
(3) Observe routing of F i r e w i r e , r e l e a s e the securing clips and remove
Firewire.
(4) Blank off any open connections.

In o r d e r to remove the zone 4 F i r e w i r e element i t i s n e c e s s a r y to f i r s t remove

the a c c e s s o r y drive gearbox. The procedure f o r this i s contained i n Chapter
83-00.
After removing the gearbox proceed a s f o r zones 1 and 2 .

INSTALLATION
When installing F i r e w i r e the following precautions m u s t b e observed.
(1) Blanking caps m u s t be retained on F i r e w i r e and couplings until final
assembly to prevent i n g r e s s of d i r t o r moisture.
(2) C a r e m u s t be taken t o e n s u r e that the copper sealing washer, P a r t No.
D2004, i s CO r r ectly positioned before final connection i s made.
(3) When reconnecting joints a new sealing washer, D. 2004, m u s t be used.
(4) Minimum bend radius f o r F i r e w i r e i s l ,in. It i s recommended that where-
e v e r possible a minimum bend radius of 2 in. i s maintained.
(5) Torque loading of F i r e w i r e coupling nuts i s 80-100 lb. in.
(6) It i s essential to e n s u r e that the F i r e w i r e elements a r e not likely to be
damaged by unsupported sections chafing against adjacent s t r u c t u r e , o r
vibration due t o excessive clip spacing.
(7) .Minimum s t r a i g h t length of F i r e w i r e e i t h e r side of clips i s 0.5 in.

TESTS AFTER INSTALLATION

(1) Disconnect F i r e w i r e f r o m bulkhead adapters a t r e a r of a c c e s s o r y drive
gearbox and on nacelle fireproof bulkhead. Check continuity r e s i s t a n c e
of complete F i r e w i r e installation vdnich should be within the l i m i t s
71.6 -
116.5 ohms.
(2) Check insulation r e s i s t a n c e of complete F i r e w i r e installation; minimum
resistance 1 megohm.
(3) Reconnect F i r e w i r e a t bulkhead adapters.

TP. 1 26-10-1

May 1/64 Page 201

i
 MAINTENANCE ,MANUAL

CLIP AND BUSH

SEE NOTE

FIREWIRE REMOVAL 1 INSTALLATION

26-10- I FIGURE 201 TP. i
Page. 202 October 20161
 748
M a i n t e n a n c e Manual

FIREWIRE REMOVAL1 INSTALLATION

TF! I FIGURE ,202 26- 10-1

Octobqr 26/61 Page 203

 M a i n e e n a n s e Manual

FIREWIRE ; MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

CLE. $G INSTRUCTIONS, COUPLING UNITS AND TERMINATION FITTII'

It i s recommended that new FIREWIRE sensing elements and connectors should not be
cleaned before o r during fitment to new installations. The sensing elements and their
associated connectors a r e received from the manufacturers fitted with suitable
protective end caps and covers. These must remain on each i t e m until immediately
prior to installation.

Disconnected element end fittings, connectors, and termination fittings must not be
cleaned unless there i s evidence of oil, d i r t o r foreign body contamination.

If the contaminating particles appear to be loose and d r y i n texture and show

no signs of oily deposits they should be removed with a d r y soft brush.

If oily deposits a r e present, brush out affected end fitting o r connector with
methylethyleketone (m. e. k . ) and allow to d r y f o r a minimum of ten minutes.
If dry bottled a i r o r nitrogen i s available this should be used for a minimum
period of thirty seconds. It i s not advisable to use normal factory airline
supplies.

An insulation test a t 250 volt should be c a r r i e d out a f t e r cleaning. The

insulation resistance of individual components should be a minimum of 20
megohms, whilst connected and installed systems should be 1 megohm
minimum.

If m. e. k. i s not available then carbon tetrachloride (c. t. c. ) may be used,

although the relevant characteristics of the latter a r e inferior to m. e. k.

Throughout the above cleaning operations it i s essential that the amount of

cleaning solvent used should be kept to a minimum to l e s s e n the r i s k of
trapped solvent.

It i s therefore essential that end caps and covers a r e replaced on end

fittings and connectors immediately after disconnection o r removal from
a n installation.

26- 10- 1 TP. 1

Page 204 October, 23/63
 Maintenance Manual

ENGINE INTERNAL OVERHEAT DETECTION; DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

l. GENERAL
An engine i n t e r n a l overheat detection s y s t e m is fitted t o each engine t o detect and
indicate to the pilot that the condition exists.

A type 5D/3 overheat detector i s fitted in each wheelcase breather pipe extension
i n Zone 2 and i s connected i n s e r i e s with a warning l a m p located on the emergency
panel i n the c r e w compartment.

2. SYSTEM OPERATION
When the d. c. power supply i s selected ON, a 2 7 . 5 ~supply i s fed to each overheat
detector f r o m fuse No. 125. Should an overheat condition occur within the engine
the detector contacts close a t a n ambient t e m p e r a t u r e of 180 deg. C, Closing of
the contacts illuminate S the appropriate overheat warning lamp i n the c r e w
compartment. When conditions within the engine r e t u r n t o normal, the detector
automatically r e s e t s and extinguishes the warning .lamp.

TP. 1 26-1 1-0

January 31/61 Page 1
 M a i n t e n a n c e Manual

ENGINE I3TTERNA.L OVERHEAT DETEC TIQN; MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

1, ADJUSTMENT TEST

A. Engine overheat cbrcuit t e s t

WARNING: CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO AVOID BURNS WHEN COMPLETING

THE FOLLOWING TEST.

Remove the detector unit f r o m engine b r e a t h e r pipe.

Clamp a shroud type h e a t e r around the b a r r e l of the detector unit.

NOTE.: The shroud type h e a t e r s r e q u i r e a period of approximately s i x

minutes to h e a t up to the required temperature.
The detector unit being fully serviceable, i t will operate in a few secon&
a f t e r applying heat. Check that the engine overheat warning l a m p
illuminate s .
Remove h e a t e r f r o m the detector unit. P l a c e the unit in i t s original
location; allow to cool and r e s e t . When r e s e t , the overheat warning
l a m p should extinguish.
Refit the detector unit.

TP. 1 ,' 26-11-0

March 18/63 P a g e 201
 Maintenance Manual

POWER PLANT FIRE EX'TINGUISHING; DESCRIFTION AND OPERATION

1, GENERAL (Fig. 1)
F i r e i n a power plant o r Zone 4 i s suppressed by methyl bromide fluid which i s s t o r e d
under pressu,re i n two extinguisher bottles. The fluid i s piped to the power plant and
i s discharged through t h r e e perforated s p r a y pipes routed around th'e ,power plant and
Zone 4.

Two directional flow valves, one in each supply pipe to the s p r a y rings, allow the
contents of one o r both extinguishers to be directed to either power plant.

The extinguishers a r e operated electrically by tw,o s e l e c t o r l f i r i n g switches mounted

, on. the emergency panel i n the crew c o m p a r t m e n t .
-
: - . 1 .
. -, . * -I.
. - has
Four indicating fuses, one for each switch selection, indicate that a n extinguisher
been discharged electrically. . .
In the event of a n a i r c r a f t c r a s h the extinguishers a r e discharged automatically by
the operation of their associated c r a s h switch.

2. EXTINGUISHER BOTTLES
An extinguisher bottle containing 12 lb. of methyl bromide i s located i n each upper
aft nacelle. They a r e discharged by electrically operated c a r t r i d g e firing units.
... ' "

3. CONTROL
-- The f i r e extinguishers a r e selected and discharged by the operation of the selector /
firing switches on the emergency panel. Each switch i s marked No. 1: No. 2 with a
centre O F F position.

" .
4. INDICATION
Indication t h a t a n extinguisher h a s been discharged electrically i s given by the
associated indicating fuse. When energised, the fuse indicating dome i s discoloured
on the inner .face by r e d powder. Additional indication i s provided by t h e indicator
pin which protrudes through the junction box cap a f t e r operation of a c a r t r i d g e firing
unit. . .
. ,. .: . , "

Should an extinguisher be discharged due to excessive internal p r e s s u r e , a p r e s s u r e

relief connection on the extinguisher i s connected by a pipeline to a discharge
ind$:$ator situated on the outboard side of each nacelle.
9..
c;.!
v .
5. CP~~RATINGINSTRUCTIONS
Ope,ration of a selector/firing swit-ch discharges extinguishant to a power plant a s
. -.. .:follows:- , .
.... . . ... . :. I

A.. . . P o r t f i r e extinguisher switch

No. l selection - P o r t extinguisher discharged to port power plant.
No. 2 selection - Starboard extinguisher discharged to port power plant.

B. Starboard f i r e extinguisher switch

No. 1 selection - Starboard extinguisher discharged to s t a r b o a r d power plant.
No. 2 selection - P o r t extinguisher discharged to s t a r b o a r d power plant.

October 2 4 / 6 0 m . Page .l
 Maintenance Manual

FIRE WARNING BELL EMERGENCY PANEL

UNDER SLIDING WINDOW
\

PRESSURE RELIEF
DISCHARGE INDICATOR

SPRAY HOLES

FLEXIBLE HOSE

NO. I SELECTION
-----.-.__.,. Ii
NO. 2 SELECTION NO. 2
PORT SWITCH STARBOARD SWITCH PORT SWITCH STARBOARD
SWITCH

POWER PLANT AND ZONE 4 FlRE EXTlNGUlSHlNG SYSTEM

26-21-0 SCHEMATIC LAYOUT T.P.I
Page 2 FIGURE I. November 14/60
 . Maintenance Manual

POWER PLANT FIRE EXTINGUISHING; DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

6. SYSTEM OPERATION
A nominal 24 V. d. c. supply i s fed to the f i r e extinguisher switches f r o m the b a t t e r y
bus b a r S.

When a selection i s made on a f i r e extinguisher switch, c u r r e n t i s fed to the selected

c a r t r i d g e firing unit t o discharge the extinguisher. Simultaneously, the associated
indicating fuse which i s connected in p a r a l l e l with the c a r t r i d g e unit, i s energised.
The fuse indicates that a c u r r e n t has been passed t o the c a r t r i d g e unit by the
appearance of the r e d coating on the i n t e r i o r of the indicator.

TP. 1 26-21-0
October 24/60 Page 3