PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Offshore Metocean Criteria

PTS 11.00.02
November 2016

© 2016 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Upstream Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.

Contractors/ manufacturers/ suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the Contractors/
manufacturers/ suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established standards or
practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.

PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.

The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
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ANNOUNCEMENT

Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition
to 7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required
make reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to
refer to PTS 00.01.01 (Index to PTS) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For
further inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 5
1.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS..................................................................................................... 5
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ............................................................................................... 6
2.0 DATA SOURCE ....................................................................................................... 7
2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 7
3.0 CRITERIA DERIVATION ........................................................................................... 8
3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 8
3.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 8
3.3 ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS ............................................................................................ 9
3.4 ANALYTIC REQUIREMENTS – JOINT PROBABILITY ....................................................... 10
4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 11
APPENDIX 1: SAMPLE OF OFFSHORE METOCEAN CRITERIA REPORT DELIVERABLES ......... 12
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) provides the minimum technical requirements of
Offshore Metocean Criteria.

This PTS supplements ISO 19901-1 incorporating regional information, best practices, and
lesson learnt.

1.1 SCOPE

This PTS is applicable to all phases of offshore field life cycle that require metocean
specifications.

This PTS does not cover weather forecast, data measurement, and data collection.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS 00.01.03 for PTS Requirements, General Definition Of Terms, Abbreviations &
Reading Guide.

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

No Term Definition

1 Inter monsoon Period of April and October when wind is light

and variable in direction for Malaysia water.

2 Northeast monsoon Period from November to March when wind is

predominantly blowing from northeast for
Malaysia water.

3 Southwest monsoon Period from May to September when wind is

predominantly blowing from southwest for
Malaysia water.
Table 1.1: Specific Definition of Terms
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1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviation Description

1 Hmax Extreme Most Probable Highest Wave Height

2 PPT Parts per thousand

3 °T True North

4 Tass Associated Period with Hmax

Table 1.2: Specific Abbreviations

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This is a new PTS.

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2.0 DATA SOURCE

2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1.1 Data quality shall be in accordance with ISO 19901-1 – clause 5.4 unless specified otherwise
by Owner.

2.1.2 Source of model data obtained shall be verified by Owner and calibrated against measured
data.
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3.0 CRITERIA DERIVATION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 Extreme value analysis shall be conducted in accordance with ISO 19901-1 – clause 5.7, unless
specified otherwise by Owner.

3.1.2 Extreme value analysis should consider seasonal impact which include but not limited to inter
monsoon, northeast monsoon, and southwest monsoon.

3.1.3 Weather window analysis should consider impact of adverse weather e.g. monsoon, El-Nino,
La-Nina, storm.

3.1.4 For directional sectoring, size of sector shall in general be 45° unless otherwise specified by
Owner e.g. 15° sector.

3.1.5 Centre of sector shall be agreed by the owner e.g. NE sector is centred at 22.5° for 45° sector
size.

3.1.6 Soliton, squall, and ice condition shall be considered where applicable.

3.1.7 Ice metocean condition affecting metocean criteria shall be in accordance with ISO 19906 –
Section 8.3.

3.1.8 Offshore metocean criteria shall be derived based on site specific data where available. The
general metocean criteria stated in ISO 19901-1: Annex B to Annex G should only be used as
indicative value subject to Owner’s approval.

3.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1 Wind
i. Wind direction is expressed as ‘FROM’ which the wind is blowing and in degree
relative to true north (°T), positive clockwise.
ii. Extreme wind speeds shall be provided as 1-hour mean, 10-min mean, 1-min
mean and 3-sec gust.
iii. Wind speed shall be computed at 10m above MSL in units of meter per second
(m/s) and presented to one (1) decimal place.

3.2.2 Waves
i. Wave direction is expressed as ‘FROM’ which the wave is approaching degree
relative to true north (°T), positive clockwise.
ii. Wave parameters shall consist of significant wave height (Hs), maximum wave
height (Hmax), associated maximum wave period (Tass), spectral peak period (Tp)
and mean zero crossing period (Tz).
iii. Wave height and wave period shall be expressed in meter (m) and seconds (s),
respectively and expressed to one (1) decimal place.
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iv. Fatigue wave diagram shall be presented in Hs vs. Tp with wave steepness line i.e.
1/10, 1/20, 1/30/, 1/40, 1/50, 1/60, 1/70.

3.2.3 Currents
i. Current directions are ‘TOWARDS’ which the current is flowing and in degree
relative to true north (°T), positive clockwise.
ii. Current analysis shall use total, residual and tidal currents.
iii. Where available, site specific current profile shall be provided to Owner.
iv. Current profile shall be provided from surface to seabed and in accordance to ISO
19901-1 – clause 9.3, unless specified otherwise by Owner.
v. Current speed shall be expressed in metre per second, (m/s) to two (2) decimal
places.

3.2.4 Tides
i. Tidal levels shall be expressed in meter, (m) to two (2) decimal places.
ii. Tidal levels shall be cited relative to both MSL and LAT.
iii. Tidal level shall be derived from nearest tidal station and verified by Owner.
iv. Water level shall be derived for each site specific and shall include long term water
level variation, e.g. Caspian Sea.

3.2.5 Storm Surges

Storm surges for 1, 10, 50, 100 year shall be expressed in meter, (m) to two (2) decimal places.

3.3 ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS

The parameters below should be included upon Owner’s requirements.

3.3.1 Air Temperature

Air temperatures shall be expressed in degrees Celsius, (⁰C) to one (1) decimal place.

3.3.2 Relative Humidity

Relative Humidity at 10m above MSL shall be expressed as a percentage (%) to one (1) decimal
place.
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3.3.3 Seawater Temperature

i. Seawater temperature profile shall be provided from surface to seabed at
intervals subject to Owner’s requirement.
ii. Seawater temperature profile shall be expressed in degrees Celsius, (⁰C) to one
(1) decimal place.

3.3.4 Salinity
i. Salinity profile shall be provided from surface to seabed at intervals subject to
Owner’s requirement.
ii. Salinity profile shall be expressed in parts per thousand (ppt), to one (1) decimal
place.

3.3.5 Rainfall

Rainfall intensity of maximum rate per hour and total maximum shall be expressed in
millimeter, (mm) to one (1) decimal place.

3.3.6 Solar Radiation

Solar radiation shall be expressed in Watts per square meter, (W/m2) to one (1) decimal place.

3.3.7 Barometric Pressure

Barometric pressure shall be expressed in milibar (mbar) to one (1) decimal place.

3.4 ANALYTIC REQUIREMENTS – JOINT PROBABILITY

3.4.1 Joint probability analysis (JPA) for extreme value analysis shall be conducted using minimum
of 2 metocean parameters.

3.4.2 The methods used for JPA should be based on established and reliable methods as approved
by Owner.

3.4.3 JPA methods shall consider all required metocean parameters inter-dependencies and
relationships. The approach needs to include the full characteristic of the long and short term
metocean statistical distribution, seasonal and climate influence of the parameters.
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4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.00.01

Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & PTS 00.01.03

Reading Guide

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Petroleum and natural gas industries – Specific requirements for ISO 19901-1:2015
offshore structures – Part 1: Metocean design and operating
considerations

Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Arctic offshore structures ISO 19906: 2010
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APPENDIX 1: SAMPLE OF OFFSHORE METOCEAN CRITERIA REPORT DELIVERABLES

Below is a sample of the deliverables as a minimum. Exact deliverables will be as per project
requirement and as specified in the contract document.

1. Executive summary
2. General discussion with executive summary inclusive of (but not limited to) climate background,
season and squall of the area, list of pass history of tropical storms, monsoons, seasonal wind and
wave conditions, seasonal circulation of current. Identify and quantify key metocean process that
influences the area of interest.
3. Detail data sources, calculation and derivation (extreme value analysis, distribution etc.)
methodologies and data calibration.
4. Report details:
a. Standard return period: 1, 10, 50 and 100 years.
b. Octagonal sectors for directional analysis are 22.5° to 67.5° for NE, 67.5° to 112.5° for E,
112.5° to 157.5° SE, 157.5° to 202.5° for S, 202.5° to 247.5° for SW, 247.5 to 292.5 for W,
292.5° to 337.5° for NW and 337.5° to 22.5° for N.
c. Wind: Extreme values of wind speeds at 10m above mean sea level of 1-min, 10-min, 1-
hour, and 3-sec gust.
d. Wave: Extreme values of significant wave height (Hs) with associated Tz, Tp, Hmax, Tass
(associated period of Hmax), Hcrest and the main direction.
e. Ocean current: speed at surface, mid-level, and near-bed and main direction each.
f. Monsoonal/Seasonal criteria based on recurrence climate condition for wind, wave and
current above with the standard return period.
g. Storms criteria based on storm condition for wind, wave and current above with the
standard return period.
h. Combined (monsoon/seasonal plus storms) criteria for wind, wave and current above with
the standard return period.
i. Monthly criteria for wind, waves, and current above with the standard return period.
j. Directional criteria (octagonal directions) for wind, waves, and current above with the
standard return period.
k. Extended return period of 500, 1,000, and 10,000 years for OMNI directional wind, waves
and current above. (as per project requirement)
l. Standard tidal height (LAT, HAT, MWHS etc).
m. Extreme surges with the standard return period.
n. Associated storm surge with the storm peak Hs (does not include tide)
o. Crest elevation return period including the effect of storm surge and tide.
p. Storm Water Level increase at peak Hs, including the effect of surge and tide.
q. Total Water Level with standard return period.
r. Associated extremes – extreme of wind speed associated with Hs and current; extreme Hs
associated with wind and current speed; associated current speed with Hs and wind speed
for standard return period.
s. Component of the 1-hour, 10m wind speed in-line with the wave direction
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t. Component of surface current in-line with the wave direction.

u. Extremes of ambient, sea surface and sea bed temperature (maximum and minimum) for
the standard return period.
v. Maximum, Minimum and Average of Monthly and Yearly Total Rain and Rainfall Rate.
w. Joint frequency distribution of magnitude and direction by month and all-year, presented in
tabulated (actual and percent) and rosette plot for 1-hour-mean wind speed, Hs, Tp, Tz, and
surface current.
x. Parametric statistics for minimum, mean, max, STD dev (monthly and all-year) and
exceedance percentile (99, 95, 90, 50, 10, 5, 1) for 1-hour-mean wind, Hs, and surface
current (with main direction each).
y. Persistence statistic (monthly, percentage) for 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, and 48 hrs for 5
wind’s thresholds (below and above) (to be specified) for 1-hour-mean wind, Hs, and surface
current (with main direction each).
z. Fatigue wave table of individual wave height and individual wave period of each octagonal
sectors.
aa. Joint frequency of significant wave height and peak period by month and all-year, presented
in tabulated (actual and percent) and with steepness line of 1/10, 1/20, 1/30, 1/40, 1/50,
1/60, and 1/70.
bb. Joint frequency of significant wave height and Tz by month and all-year, presented in
tabulated (actual and percent) and with steepness line of 1/10, 1/20, 1/30, 1/40, 1/50, 1/60,
and 1/70.
cc. Persistence statistic of current speed (near surface, mid layer, and near-bed) (monthly,
percentage) for 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, and 48 hrs for 0.2m/s, 0.4m/s,0.6 m/s,0.8 m/s,
and 1 m/s (below and above) .
dd. Seasonal variation of Mean Sea Level (monthly) (graph/histogram)
ee. Statistics (minimum, mean, and maximum) of air temperature, MSL pressure, humidity, and
precipitation (monthly and all year).
ff. Storm study: include detail discussion of storm in the area, statistic of occurrence and plots
of pass storm tracks within 50km, 100km and 150km each in separate plots.
gg. Deck parameters: recommended deck height, up to 2000-year joint probability derived deck
height, deck height calculation based on 100-year crest, crest of 100-year Hmax wave and
100-year crest height.
hh. Additional discussion: other metocean threat to the area.
ii. All related tables and plot (scatter diagram, directional rosette, occurrence, extremes,
exceedence, comparison, current profile etc.),