See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/339384085

Inter personal relations theory

Presentation · February 2020

CITATIONS READS

0 2,292

1 author:

Gebre Yitayih Abyu

Bahir Dar University
1,111 PUBLICATIONS   17,264 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Application, monitoring and Evaluation of innovative SDG2030 View project

designing *global Youth scholarshup hub* across the world 2020/22 View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Gebre Yitayih Abyu on 23 March 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 BAHIRDAR UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH

SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF NURSING
DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING

Assignment of nursing foundation and theories

Assigned by Gebre Y.(MSc., Ass‟t prof., PHD fellow)

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 1
Feb, 2020
 GROUP MEMBERS
NAME ID
1. AYICHEW ALEMU--------------BDU1207021
2. GASHAW KEREBIH ------------BDU1207025
3. HABTAMU DINKU --------------BDU1207026
4. MAHILET TAMIRAT -----------BDU1207027
5. MOLLA AZMERAW ------------BDU1207029
6. SILENAT MULUKEN -----------BDU1207030
7. ZENEBE JEBERO ----------------BDU1207033
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 2
 Inter personal relations theory

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 3

 Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Background of theorist
• Origin of the theory
• Metaparadigms, Concepts and assumptions
• Purpose of the theory
• Application of the theory
• Strength and weakness
• Conclusion
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 4
 Learning Objectives
 At the end of this session audiences will be able to:-

• Define interpersonal relation theory

• Explain origins and purposes of peplau‟s theory

• Identify metaparadigm, assumptions and concepts of
interpersonal relation theory
• Identify applications of the theory

• Differentiate the weakness and strength of the theory

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 5

 Introduction
• The partnership between nurse and client is very important
in nursing practice.

• Hildegard Peplau‟s Interpersonal Relation Theory

emphasized the nurse-client relationship as the foundation
of nursing practice.

• This definitely helps nurses and healthcare providers

develop more therapeutic interventions in the clinical
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 6
setting.
 Introduction cont.…
• Peplau's theory is also referred as psychodynamic nursing,
which is understanding of ones own behavior.
• Peplau‟s interpersonal relation theory describes the
importance of the nurse-patient relationship as a
“significant, therapeutic interpersonal process”.
• Her work on nurse-patient relationships is known well
internationally and continues to influence nursing practice
and research.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 7
 Background of theorist

• Theorist -Hildegard. E. Peplau , “The mother of psychiatric

nursing‟‟

• Born in Reading, Pennsylvania [1909], USA

• Diploma program in Pottstown, Pennsylvania in 1931.

• BA in interpersonal psychology - Bennington College in 1943.

• MA in psychiatric nursing from Colombia

University New York in 1947.

• 2/11/2020
EdD in curriculum development in1 1953.
by pedi group 8
 Cont.…

• Published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952

• She is the only person who has been both the

executive director and president of ANA.

• Worked with WHO and Nurse Corps.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 9

 Cont …

• She was named one of the 50 great Americans by Marquis

Who‟s Who in 1995.

• In 1997, Peplau received the Christiane Reiman Prize,

nursing‟s most prestigious award.

• Held 11 honorary degrees.

• Died in 1999.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 10
 Origins of the theory

• As a child, Peplaus witnessed the devastating flu

epidemic of 1918, a personal experience that
greatly influenced her understanding of the impact
of illness and death on families.

• Prior to Peplau‟s theory of interpersonal relations,

patients were viewed as objects to be observed.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 11
 Origin……..

• Peplau taught that patients were not objects but were

subjects and that psychiatric nurses must participate with
the patients, engaging in the nurse-patient relationship.
This was a revolutionary idea.

• At that time, the psychiatric nurse was viewed as a

companion to patients, someone who would play games
and take walks but talk about nothing substantial.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 12
 Origin………

• In fact, nurses were instructed not to talk to patients

about their problems, thoughts, or feelings.

• Peplau first studied inter personal relations theory in the

1930s-1940s at Bennington College.

• She began to develop this theory in response to „the

need in the 1940s to develop advanced psychiatric

nursing for graduate programs

2/11/2020
in psychiatric nursing .
by pedi group 1 13
 Purpose of the theory

• Focuses on therapeutic nurse-patient relationship

• Identifies different roles nurses take on when

working with patients.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 14

 Metaparadigm

• Person: is an organism that “strives in its own way to

reduce tension generated by needs.”

• Environment: Existing forces outside the organism and in

the context of culture

• Although Peplau does not directly address environment,

she does encourage the nurse to consider the patient‟s culture .

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 15

 Metapat cont..
• Health: is defined as “A word symbol that implies forward
movement of personality and other ongoing human
processes in the direction of creative, constructive,
productive, personal and community living”.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 16

 Metapa cont…
• Nursing: She defines Nursing as a “human relationship
between an individual who is sick, or in need of health
services, and a nurse specially educated to recognize and to
respond to the need for help.”

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 17

 Major concepts
• The theory explains the purpose of nursing is
to help others identify their felt difficulties and
that nurses should apply principles of human
relations to the problems that arise at all levels
of experience.
• Nursing is an interpersonal process because it
involves interaction between two or more
individuals with a common goal.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 18

 Concept cont..
• Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art,
assisting an individual who is sick or in need of
health care.

• The attainment of goal is achieved through the use of

a series of steps following a series of pattern.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 19

 Assumptions of theory
(1) Nurse and the patient can interact.
(2) Peplau emphasized that both the patient and
nurse mature as the result of the therapeutic interaction.
(3) Communication and interviewing skills remain
fundamental nursing tools.
(4) Peplau believed that nurses must clearly understand them
selves to promote their client‟s growth and to avoid limiting the
client‟s choices to those that nurses
2/11/2020
value.
by pedi group 1 20
 Phases of the therapeutic nurse-
patient relationship

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 21

 1. Orientation phase

• Starts when client meets nurse as stranger

• Defining problem and deciding type of service needed

• Client seeks assistance ,conveys needs ,asks questions,

shares preconceptions and expectations of past experiences

• Nurse responds, explains roles to client, helps to identify

problems and to use available resources and services

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 22

 Factors influencing orientation phase

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 23

 2. Identification phase

• Selection of appropriate professional

assistance
• Patient begins to have a feeling of belonging
and a capability of dealing with the problem
which decreases the feeling of helplessness
and hopelessness.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 24

 3. Exploitation phase

• Use of professional assistance for problem

solving alternatives
• Advantages of services are used based on the
needs and interests of the patients
• Nurse aids the patient in exploiting all avenues of
help.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 25

 4. Resolution Phase

• In the resolution phase, the client no longer needs

professional services.

• The relationship ends.

• Termination of professional relationship

• The patients needs have already been met by the

collaborative effect of patient and nurse

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 26

 Sub concepts of the Interpersonal Relations Theory

• The followings are the roles of the Nurse in the

Therapeutic relationship identified by Peplau:

1. Stranger
2. Resource person
3. Teacher
4. Leader
5. Surrogate
6. Counselor
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 27
 Application of the theory
• Peplau‟s work has had remarkable influence on
today‟s nursing practice and education.
• Theories can be utilized by practitioners to
guide and improve their practice.
• can be the bases for hypothesis test.
• The use of Peplau‟s practice based theory
development as a research methodology has
provided the structure for developing research
in the area of depression in women.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 28
 Application cont..
For example: Mr Y was 55 years old male
diagnosed with bladder cancer may require a
urinary diversion to maximize his health care
outcomes. This patient, faced with sudden
changes in his health status, develop complex
unmet needs that can be addressed by a planned
program of education.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 29

 Appli cont……
• Peplau‟s theory of interpersonal relations
offers a framework for patient teaching that
emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient
relationship. This therapeutic relationship
enables the nurse to provide the patient with
the information needed to understand the
diagnosis, cooperate in the treatment plan,
facilitate postoperative recovery, and return to
a state of independence with quality of life.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 30
 Interpersonal relation theory and
Nursing process
• Both Peplau‟s Interpersonal Relations Theory and
the Nursing Process are sequential.
• Both focus on the therapeutic relationship by using
problem-solving techniques for the nurse and
patient to collaborate on.
• Both use observation, communication and recording
as basic tools utilized by nursing.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 31
  Nursing process Interpersonal R. T.

Assessment Orientation

• Continuous data collection • Non-continuous data

and analysis collection

• May not be a felt need • Felt need/definite needs

Nursing dx & planning Identification

• Mutually set goals • Interdependent set goals

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 32
 Implementation Exploitation

• Plans initiated towards • Patient actively seeking

achievement of mutually help
set goals • Patient-initiated
• May be accomplished by
patient, nurse, or
significant other
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 33
Evaluation
• Based on mutually
expected behaviors
• May led to termination
and initiation of new
plans
Resolution
• Occurs after other
phases are completed
successfully
• Leads to termination

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 34

 Evaluation of the Theory
• Peplau conceptualized clear sets of nurse‟s roles that
can be used by each and every nurse with their
practice.
• It implies that a nurse‟s duty is not just to care but the
profession encompasses every activity that may affect
the care of the patient.
• The idea of a nurse-client interaction is limited with
those individuals incapable of conversing,
specifically those who are unconscious.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 35

 Evaluation cont…

• The concepts are highly applicable to the care of

psychiatric patients considering Peplau‟s background.

• It can be applied to any person capable and has the

will to communicate.

• The phases of the therapeutic nurse-client are highly

comparable to the nursing process making it vastly
applicable.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 36
 Strength and Weaknesses
Strength
• Peplau‟s theory helped later nursing theorists and clinicians
develop more therapeutic interventions regarding the roles
of nurse.
• Its phases provide simplicity regarding the natural
progression of the nurse-patient relationship.
• Clearly identifies nursing roles during nurse- patient
interaction which can be applied in clinical practice.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 37

 Weaknesses
• Though Peplau stressed the nurse-client relationship
as the foundation of nursing practice, health
promotion, and maintenance were less emphasized
• Also, the theory cannot be used in a patient who
doesn‟t have a felt need.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 38

 Conclusion
• Peplau‟s theory has proved of great use to later nurse
theorists and clinicians in developing more sophisticated
and therapeutic nursing interventions including the six
nursing roles.
• It entails that a nurse‟s duty is not just to care but the
profession also incorporates every activity that may
affect the client‟s health.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 39

• In short, communication is at the heart of all nursing.
• Studying Peplau‟s Interpersonal Relations Theory of
Nursing can be very substantial especially to those who
are aspiring to be part of the profession.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 40

 References
1. Hildegard Peplau (1909-1999) 1998 Inductee.
(n.d.). . Retrieved July 1, 2014, from
https://www.nursingworld.org/HildegardPeplau
2. Sills, G. (n.d.). Hildegard Peplau. Nursing Theorist
Homepage. Retrieved January 3, 2014, from
https://publish.uwo.ca/~cforchuk/peplau/obitu
ary.html
3. George B. Julia, Nursing Theories- The base for
professional Nursing Practice, 3rd ed. Norwalk,
Appleton & Lange.
2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 41
• Peplau, H. E. (1952). Interpersonal relations in
nursing. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the
base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk,
Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
• Peplau, H.E. (1988). The art and science of
nursing: Similarities, differences, and relations.
Nursing Science Quarterly, 1, 8-15. In George, J.
(Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional
nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton
& Lange.

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 42

 THANK YOU!

2/11/2020 by pedi group 1 43

View publication stats