ENGLISH TASK

As One of the Assignments of an English Course

In the V Semester Lectures of the Ambon Nursing Study Program
Nursing major

Arranged by :

Li Satri S Lapandewa
NIM. P07120119023

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

HEALTH POLYTECHNIC MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALUKU
NURSING MAJOR
AMBON
2021
 CHECKING VITAL SIGN
Vital sign including:
 Temperature (oral, armpit, celcius or farenheit)
 Pulse (apical, temporal, femoral, radial, carotic, apex of heart, popliteal,
dorsalis pedis, posterior tibialis)
 Respiration
 BP (Blood Pressure: right arm or left arm).

It is now common practice for nurses to communicate with the patients as much as possible when they
are doing routine nursing tasks. If the nurses talk, the patients become involved in their treatment. As
the nurses take the patients’ vital signs, it will be better if they say what they are going to do, explain
why they are doing it and give the patients feedback. HW: write the SOP of measurement of vital
sign

Conversation
Nurse: “I need to take your vital signs to make sure that your, pulse, respiration and
blood pressure are okay while you’re staying in our hospital.”
Patient: “All right.”
Nurse: “I’m just going to wrap this cuff around your arm and pump some air into it so that
I can read your blood pressure. Could you please roll up your sleeve a bit?”
Patient: “Right.” (Patient rolls up his sleeve.) “Like this?”
Nurse: “Yeah, that’s fine.” (Nurse attaches cuff and starts pumping.)
Patient: “It feels a bit funny.”
Nurse: “Don’t worry. It won’t hurt you.”
Patient: “What is my blood pressure?” Nurse:
“Your blood pressure is 120/80.” Patient: “Is it
OK?”
Nurse: “Yes. It’s normal.”

HW:
(G) eupnea A. a measurement of how many times a person’s heart beats per minute
(C) diastolic B. measures blood pressure as the heart beats
(D) apnea C. measures blood pressure as the heart rests
(B) systolic D. difficult or irregular breathing
(F) resting rate E. having steady vital signs
(E) stable F. a measurement of heart beats per minute while not engaged in physical
activity
(A) heart rate G. regular, easy breathing

RANGE OF MOTION
Physical therapy involves several kinds of range of motion exercises. Among these, one of the most
useful are exercises that improve and facilitate the range of motion. The range of motion is the phrase
physical therapists use to describe how much movement you can make with a joint or a part of your
body. When your range of motion is affected, you’ll find that it isn’t possible to move a particular
body part comfortably around its joint.

Range of motion can be affected by several different causes: sprained joints or pulled muscles
resulting from an accident or a sports injury, post-surgical lack of exercise, and a general lack of
exercise can also result in a reduction in the range of motion. Range of motion exercises that target
these affected areas can help undo the damage and restore free and unrestrained movement to your
joints and muscles.

There are three basic kinds of range of motion exercises for correcting and restoring your range of
motion. They’re designed to address the kind of problem you’re having, and to help you to rebuild
strength and range of motion without doing further damage. Depending on your injury, you’ll do one
or a mixture of these different types of exercise: passive, active-passive, and active. Here’s a
breakdown of how they work
1. Passive range of motion exercises – These are useful for joints that have become inactive due to
injury or paralysis. In passive range of motion exercises, the patient does not perform any
movement themselves; instead, the therapist moves the limb or body part around the stiff joint,
gently stretching muscles and reminding them how to move correctly. In most cases, therapeutic
stretching exercises are also combined with passive range of motion exercises to promote faster
recovery. Here, the therapist stretches the patient’s soft tissue to relax the surrounding muscles and
relieve tension. Passive range of motion exercises also help minimize stiffness and rigidity in the
joints that have been immobilized. HW: find out the pictures about passive range of motion
exercises.
2. Active-assistive range of motion exercises – As the name suggests, these exercises involve partial
assistance from the therapist. The patient does most of the movement, but they get a little help to
complete the movements correctly. In most cases, this restricted motion is a result of weakness or
pain caused due to falls, bruises, or accidents, up to serious injuries. The therapist mostly uses a
strap or a band to secure the joint before assisting the movements. Initially, the patient may suffer a
great deal of pain and weakness when performing these exercises. However, with time, they have a
great scope for gradual and lasting improvement in the range of motion around the affected joint.
HW: find out the pictures about active-assistive range of motion exercises.
3. Active range of motion exercises – These exercises involve very little assistance from the physical
therapist. The patient is entirely capable of performing these exercises, and most often, the
therapist’s involvement is limited to verbal cues and directions on how to improve the posture and
movement involved in the exercises. They are most useful in cases of minor injuries that do not
severely restrict the movement of body parts, but are painful, uncomfortable, or hindering
nevertheless. HW: find out the pictures about active range of motion exercises.
4. Read the journal and answer the following question:
a) Stroke can cause various of disorders, such as = Stroke can cause various levels of disorders,
such as decreased muscle tone, loss of sensibility in some parts of the body, decreased ability
to move sick limbs and incapacity in certain activities (Physical changes as often experienced
by clients are paralysis partial motion, loss of swallowing ability, cognitive impairment, and
psychological disorders )
b) The goal of ROM excersice is = The goal of Range of Motion exercise therapy is to maintain
muscle flexibility and strength, maintain joint mobility and prevent deformity, stiffness and
muscle contractures (the Range of Motion exercise provides benefits as an intervention to
increase muscle strength in post-stroke clients because exercise therapy is one way to speed
the recovery of patients from paralysis)
 c) Some of the ROM exercise describe usefull intervention for = Some of the Range of Motion
exercises describe useful interventions for increased post-stroke client muscle strength. (So
hopefully stroke patients and families can be motivated to perform activities of exercise
therapy for the improvement of self-sufficiency post-stroke patients)
d) The form of ROM exercise are = range of motion (ROM) exercise therapy can be seperate by :
active, passive and active-assistive. Passive movement is motion driven by others and the
active motion is the motion produced by muscle contraction itself. The movements in ROM
exercise therapy include flexion, extension, hyper extension, circumcision, abduction,
adduction and opposition (example : 1.ROM exercises on motor skills that increase flexibility
and wide range of joint motion in stroke patients. 2.Range of Motion (ROM) exercise on
muscle strength. 3.ROM with a rubber ball)
e) Why ROM exercise is an effective way to treating muscle weakness or prolonged paralysis?
range of motion (ROM) exercise therapy both active, passive and active-assistive provide
significant benefits to increased muscle strength and range of upper extremity motion (Range
of Motion exercise therapy is one of the advanced therapies in stroke patients aimed at
increasing brain blood flow, minimizing defects caused to improve motor sensory function.
Influence of intervention range of motion is to maintain ormaintain flexibility and muscle
strength, maintain joint mobility and prevent deformity, stiffness and contractures)
f) Who can schedule, provide and perform the ROM exercise to patients? ROM excersice can be
schedule, provide and perform by 2 trained physical therapists (As for the family to always
supervise, motivate and encourage patients to perform continuity of ROM exercises, regularity
of activities and medical visits)

1. HW: write the SOP of measurement of vital sign

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)

MEASURING THE RATE

A. Understanding
An activity carried out to determine the pulse rate
B. Purpose
Knowing the pulse
C. Indication
 1. All new patients
2. Patients who have heart disease and other chronic diseases
D. Action Procedure
1. pre-Interaction Stage
a. Nurse self preparation
b. Verify medical nursing records
c. Preparation of tools:
1) Watches that have seconds or pols-teller indications
2) Notebook
3) Stationary.
2. Orientation stage
a. Give therapeutic greetings
b. Client identification
c. Ask the name and date of birth, and match it with the bracelet used by clients
d. Clarification of previous contracts (time, topic/activity, place)
e. Explain the purpose and procedure of action
f. Give the client the opportunity to ask questions
3. Stage of work
a. Washing hands
b. Invite the patient to lie down/sit quietly on the bed bed
c. Bringing tools near the patient
d. Feel the patient's hand on the wrist with the index finger, middle and sweet until
palpable radial artery pulse
e. The other hand holds the pulse/watch
f. Counting pulse for 1 minute
g. Record the results
4. Termination stage
a. Evaluate the patient's response and feelings
b. Deliver the results of blood pressure activities
c. Contract for further activities
d. Hand wash
e. Documentation: record the time of taking pressure measurement actions blood, client
response and measurement results

2. HW: find out the pictures about passive range of motion exercises.
Passive ROM exercises are ROM exercises performed by patients with the help of nurses
every movement. Indications for passive exercise are semicoma and unconscious patients,
patients with limited mobility unable to perform some or all range of motion exercises
independently, patients on total bed rest or patients with total extremity paralysis. This passive
range of motion is useful for maintaining the flexibility of muscles and joints by passively
moving other people's muscles, such as the nurse lifting and moving the patient's leg.
3. HW: find out the pictures about active-assistive range of motion exercises.
done with the nurse and the client. encourage clients to do their own ROM exercises according to
the client's skills, the nurse completes the part that the client has not been able to implement

4. . HW: find out the pictures about active range of motion exercises.
Active ROM exercises are nurses providing motivation, and guiding clients in carrying
out joint movements independently according to the normal range of motion of the joints. This is
to train flexibility and strength of muscles and joints by using the muscles actively
 Explaining Diet Program
HW:
In pairs, choose one of cronic desease and make a correct diet program.
Presentation on next meeting
Group: Stevandri S. Tentua
Li satri S. lapandea

DIET PROGRAM IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is one of the degenerative diseases that can get worse if it is not balanced with
good diet settings. One of the management of Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) is a balanced diet.
Constraints in the management of Diabetes Mellitus diet are patient saturation following diet
therapy and lack of family support. Diabetes Mellitus or diabetes is a disease of blood sugar
metabolism disorders caused by abnormalities of the hormone insulin resulting in an increase in
blood sugar levels.
All nutrients are very important in a diabetic diet. Food sources of carbohydrates must be divided
evenly throughout the day to balance the insulin that is able to be produced by the body.
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include increased thirst, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and
weight loss. To compensate for the unavailability of glucose as an energy source, the body will
increase the rate of breakdown of glycogen and fat to release energy sources and produce glucose
from the breakdown of body proteins.

The goals of diet therapy include:

1. Preventing hyperglycemia but still providing enough energy
2. Restoring and maintaining blood glucose levels within the normal range (fasting blood
sugar < 126 mg/dl)
3. Restoring and maintaining normal body weight
Foods recommended for diabetics include chicken without skin, fish, egg whites, lean meat. The
recommended sources of vegetable protein include tempeh, tofu, green beans, kidney beans,
peanuts, soybeans, vegetables that are allowed including kale, peanut leaves, oyong, cucumber,
tomatoes, water squash, cauliflower, radishes, mustard greens, lettuce, celery , eggplant. Fruits
such as oranges, apples, papaya, guava, salak and star fruit are allowed to be consumed.

All types of carbohydrates such as rice, porridge, bread, noodles, potatoes, cassava, sweet
potatoes, sago, wheat, pasta, corn, taro, oatmeal, cereals and potatoes are allowed but limited as
needed. Six steps to healthy eating for diabetics include:
1. Eat three times a day and don't skip meals.
2. Complete each meal withfoodsmore complex carbohydrate, including whole wheat bread,
oats, and potatoes.
3. Eat more fruits and vegetables. Eat 3-5 servings of vegetables a day slowly but regularly.
4. Kurangi sugar and sweetfoods.A sugar-free diet does not need to be strictly adhered to,
sugar can be used as an ingredient in food, for example in whole grain breakfast cereals. The
maximum consumption of sugar is 5% of the total daily energy needs. Sugary drinks can be
replaced with sugar-free drinks.
5. Reduce salt by limiting the amount of processed food intake as well as added salt. Spices
and seasonings can be used as an alternative.
In carrying out the diet, people with type 2 diabetes must follow therecommendations 3J, namely
the amount of food, the type of food and the food schedule.
The type and amount of foods that contain lots of sugar and irregular eating schedules can
increase blood sugar levels. A basal calorie count of 25-30 calories/kgBW is ideal, depending on
gender, age, activity, and nutritional status. Calorie needs in women are smaller than men. The
caloric requirement for women is 25 cal/kg BW and for men it is 30 cal/kg BW.
 The decrease in energy needs for people aged > 40 years according to PERKENI in 2011
provided that the age of 40-59 years, their energy needs are reduced by 5% and for those aged 60-
69 years, their energy needs are reduced by 10%, and those aged >70 have 20% less
energy needs.

It is necessary tolimit foods with a high glycemic indexhigh glycemic because aindex in foods
can affect blood glucose levels 2 hours after eating. Examples of foods that have a high glycemic
index are white bread, soft drinks, and white rice. Foods with a low glycemic index provide
benefits not only for postprandial glycemic but also for lipids.

Examples of some foods with a low glycemic index such as brown rice, wheat, vegetables, and
beans are sources of carbohydrates that are rich in fiber. Sources of low-fat protein such as fish,
skinless chicken, skim milk, tempeh and tofu. People with diabetes mellitus eat according to a
schedule, according to waspadji in 2017 the division of meal times is 3 main meals, 3 interludes
at 3 hour intervals, namely breakfast at 07.00, morning interlude at 10.00, lunch 13.00, lunch at
16.00, meal afternoon at 19.00 and an afternoon interlude at 21.00. Physical activity also plays a
major role in regulating blood sugar levels.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
http://www.alsa-or.org/treatment/ROMExercises
https://www.physio.co.uk/treatments/physiotherapy/range-of-movement-exercises.php
https://www.academia.edu/31702579/SOP_MENGHITUNG_NADI