LIMITES DE LA FORMA 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙) = 𝑪

𝒙→𝒙𝟎

Para trabajar con estos limites se debe tener en cuenta los casos:

1.Si existen los limites finitos lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐴 𝑦 lim 𝑔(𝑥) =

𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥→𝑥0
𝐵
𝐵 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐶 = 𝐴

2. Si lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝐴 𝑦 lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ±∞

𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥→𝑥0

𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎

3. Si lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 y lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝐵 , hacemos 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + ℎ(𝑥) ,
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥→𝑥0
donde ℎ(𝑥) → 0 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑥 → 𝑥0

1 ℎ(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
lim ℎ(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
𝐶 = lim {(1 + ℎ(𝑥))ℎ(𝑥) } = 𝑒 𝑥→𝑥0
𝑥→𝑥0
lim (𝑓(𝑥)−1)𝑔(𝑥)
= 𝑒 𝑥→𝑥0
1
1 𝑥
Observación lim (1 + 𝑥 )𝑥 = 𝑒 ; lim (1 + ) = 𝑒
𝑥→𝑥0 𝑥→∞ 𝑥

Ejemplos

Calcular los siguientes limites

𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 1+𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 1+𝑥 lim (1+𝑥)
1. lim ( ) = lim ( 2( )) = 2𝑥→0 =2
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 2𝑥

1 𝑥2
𝑥+1 𝑥2 1+ 1 ∞
2. lim ( ) = lim ( 𝑥
1 ) =( ) =0
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥+1 𝑥→∞ 2+𝑥 2

𝑥−1 𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑥
3. lim ( ) = lim [1 + ( − 1)] = lim [1 +
𝑥→∞ 𝑥+1 𝑥→∞ 𝑥+1 𝑥→∞
𝑥+1 −2𝑥
−2𝑥
−2 −2 𝑥+1 lim
( )] = 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑥+1 = 𝑒 −2
𝑥+1
 1 1
4.lim (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) = lim (1 − (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)) = lim (1 −
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝑥
1 −1 −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 2 𝑥
2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ) = lim (1 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ) =
2 𝑥→0 2
𝑥 2
𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥2
2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 2 −lim( 𝑥 )
lim − 𝑥→0 4𝑥
𝑒 𝑥→0 𝑥 = 𝑒 2 = 𝑒 −0 = 1
1 1
ln(1+𝑥)
5.lim = lim ln(1 + 𝑥) = ln lim (1 + 𝑥 ) =
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
ln 𝑒 = 1
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
6. lim (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) = lim (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 1) = lim (1 −
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞
−1 2 𝑥 )𝑛
𝑛 𝑥 (−2 𝑠𝑒𝑛
2 𝑥 𝑥 2 2𝑛
2𝑠𝑒𝑛 ) = lim [1 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ]2𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑛
2𝑛 𝑛→∞ 2𝑛
𝑥 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑛 𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑛
𝑥 −2 lim 𝑛
lim −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ( )𝑛 𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑛→∞
𝑛→∞ 2
2𝑛 = 𝑒 2𝑛

𝑛
−2 (1) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(0)
= 𝑒 2 =1
ln(1+𝑒 𝛼 ) 1
7. lim = lim (𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝛼 (1 + )) /𝛼 =
𝛼→∞ 𝛼 𝛼→∞ 𝑒𝛼
1 1
𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝛼 ln(1+ 𝛼 ) ln lim (1+ 𝛼 )
𝑒 𝛼→∞ 𝑒
lim + lim = lim ln 𝑒 + =
𝛼→∞ 𝛼 𝛼→∞ 𝛼 𝛼→∞ lim 𝛼
𝛼→∞
𝑙𝑛1 0
lim 1 + =1+ =1+0=1
𝛼→∞ ∞ ∞
𝑒 𝑥 −1
8. lim
𝑥→0 𝑥
Hacer 𝑒 𝑥 − 1 = 𝛼 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑥 → 0 ⟹
𝛼→0
𝑒 𝑥 −1 𝛼 1
lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝛼→0 ln(1+𝛼) 𝛼→0 ln(1+𝛼)
𝛼
1 1
1 = =1
𝑙𝑛𝑒
lim (𝑙𝑛1+𝛼)𝛼
𝛼→0

𝑎𝑥 −1
9. lim ,𝑎 > 0
𝑥→0 𝑥

Problemas
𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑡𝑔𝑥
1.Calcular lim
𝑥→0 𝑥3
𝑒 𝑥 −1
2. Calcular lim
𝑥→0 𝑥

3. Calcule, si existe

|𝑥 − 3|2 + 26|𝑥 + 3| − 26√√3𝑥 + 33

lim
𝑥→3+ 𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 6
3
4 − 3√
𝑥+3
4. Calcule si el límite existe

𝑥 3 𝑥 1 1
√|⟦𝑥 + 1⟧ − ⟦⟦ ⟧ + 1⟧ + |𝑥 || − √⟦⟦ − ⟧ + ⟧ − 1
2 4 2 2
lim
𝑥→0
5 2
3 ⟦ 𝑥 ⟧
√⟦𝑥⟧𝑥 − 𝑥 − √(⟦ + 1⟧) + 1
2