APPENDIX

TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figures A1–A20 were calculated with Atoms V 4.0 for Windows (Dowty,
1997).
The three structural diagrams of Figure A21 were created with the Diamond
crystal structure visualization software (Crystal Impact). Courtesy of Wörle (2009).

CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
Name and formula Structure type Reference

1 α-Quartz (SiO2) Framework silicate Levien et al. (1980)

2 β-Quartz (SiO2) Framework silicate Wright and Lehmann (1981)
3 Cristobalite (SiO2) Framework silicate Dowty (1999a)
4 Tridymite (SiO2) Framework silicate Kihara (1977)
5 β-Eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) Framework silicate Guth and Heger (1979)
6 β-Spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) Framework silicate Li and Peacor (1968)
7 Enstatite (MgSiO3) Chain silicate Ghose et al. (1986)
8 Wollastonite (CaSiO3) Chain silicate Ohashiy and Finger, (1978)
9 Diopside (CaMgSi2O6) Chain silicate Clark et al. (1969)
10 Fluorrichterite (KNaCaMg5Si8O22F2) Chain silicate Cameron et al. (1983)
11 Cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) Ring silicate Predecki et al. (1987)
12 Lithium Disilicate (Li2Si2O5) Layer silicate De Jong et al. (1998)
13 Fluorophlogopite (KMg3AlSi3O10F2) Layer silicate Mc Cauley et al. (1973)
14 Leucite (KAlSi2O6) Framework silicate Mazzi et al. (1976)
15 Nepheline (KNa3 [AlSiO4]4) Framework silicate Simmons and Peacor (1972)
16 Mullite (3Al2O3•2SiO2) Chain aluminosilicate Sadanaga et al. (1962)
17 Spinel (MgAl2O4) Oxide Dowty (1999b)
18 Rutile (TiO2) Oxide Dowty (1999c)
19 Fluoroapatite (Ca10(PO4)6F2) Phosphate Sänger and Kuhs (1992)
20 Monazite (CePO4) for (LaPO4) Phosphate Ueda (1953)
21 ZrO2- crystals
a. Monoclinic modification Oxide Howard et al. (1988)
21 b. Tetragonal modification Oxide Howard et al. (1990)
21 c. Cubic modification Oxide Wang et al. (1999)

Glass-Ceramic Technology, Second Edition. Wolfram Höland and George H. Beall.

© 2012 The American Ceramic Society. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

355
356 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A1 α-Quartz (SiO2)

Framework Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 357

Figure A2 β-Quartz (SiO2)

Framework Silicate
358 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A3 Cristobalite (SiO2)

Framework Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 359

Figure A4 Tridymite (SiO2)

Framework Silicate
360 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A5 β-Eucryptite (LiAlSiO4)

Framework Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 361

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

a2
c

a1

Figure A6 β-Spodumene (LiAlSi2O6)

Framework Silicate
362 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A7 Enstatite (MgSiO3)

Chain Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 363

Figure A8 Wollastonite (CaSiO3)

Chain Silicate
364 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A9 Diopside (CaMgSi2O6)

Chain Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 365

Figure A10 Fluorrichterite (KNaCaMg5Si8O22F2)

Chain Silicate
366 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A11 Cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18)

Ring Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 367

Figure A12 Lithium Disilicate (Li2Si2O5)

Layer Silicate
368 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A13 Fluorophlogopite (KMg3AlSi3O10F2)

Layer Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 369

K
K

K K

K K

K
K

a1
a2

Figure A14 Leucite (KAlSi2O6)

Framework Silicate
370 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A15 Nepheline (KNa3 [AlSiO4]4)

Framework Silicate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 371

Figure A16 Mullite (3Al2O3•2SiO2)

Chain Aluminosilicate
372 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A17 Spinel (MgAl2O4)

Oxide
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 373

Figure A18 Rutile (TiO2)

Oxide
374 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Figure A19 Fluoroapatite (Ca10(PO4)6F2)

Phosphate
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 375

Figure A20 Monazite (CePO4) for (LaPO4)

Phosphate
 (a)

Figure A21a ZrO2- crystals

(a) Monoclinic modification
Oxide

(b)

Figure A21b ZrO2- crystals

(b) Tetragonal modification
Oxide
 TWENTY-ONE FIGURES OF 23 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 377

(c)

Figure A21c ZrO2- crystals

(c) Cubic modification
Oxide