Internship 1

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY
ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
(COMMUNICATION STREAM)
INTERNSHIP REPORT ON ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY ICT CENTER
PREPARED BY
ADANE TESHOME………………………………………….….RAMIT/118/09
A Report Submitted to the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Arba Minch
Institute of technology in Partial Fulfillment of the curriculum requirement for one semester in
Electrical Engineering.
Submission date:
31th July 2021

Arba Minch, Ethiopia
DECLARATION
This is to certify that the internship report entitled of Arba Minch University Information
Communication and Technology Center, prepared by Adane Teshome is accepted in terms of
quality & forms and the report has been prepared under our guidance.I also confirm that the
report is prepared based on the daily and monthly reports that we submitted.
Student Name Signature
ADANE TESHOME …………………..
This Report has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university advisor.
Report Advisor Signature
Mr Firew A …………………….
Page i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to thank the almighty God to all successful progress of my life as whole and
this study as particular. Secondly, I would like to give gratitude pleasure for all my department
teachers who help me to become this internship real and effective and I would like to put my
heartfelt gratitude for all those who have contributed to the success of my internship. Thirdly and
for most I want to express my gratitude to the Arba Minch University ICT center for allowing
me to work there and then I want to express my heart full gratitude to my advisors, especially I
would like to thank and appreciate the perpetual support and guidance I have got from my
monitors Mr. Joseph Ambaye, Mr. Melkamu who contacted me in every problem I faced and
also made this internship a success by sharing his long time experience and knowledge. Beside
this, he was more than a mentor for us, more of like a friend, sharing us everything he believes
that we have to know with a welcoming and a pleasant approach. I would also like to thank my
advisor, MR. FIREW AYELE for his advice and supervision
Page ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is about to explain what we did and learned during our internship period with
Arbaminch University ICTC, Network maintenance in main campus Network cable installation.
As the main purpose of internship is to learn by working in practical environment and to apply
the knowledge acquired during the studies in a real world scenario in order to tackle the
problems using the knowledge and skill learned during the academic process. We have discussed
about campus network, which we observed and perceived during our internship program. The
purpose of this report is to put in paper the work experience that we had performed and the
knowledge obtained from performing specific tasks while working in a professional environment
in this program. I developed theoretical knowledge through practical work. This thing makes us
to be active and confidential. This report is divided in to different parts starting from briefly
describing the background of Arba Minch University.
The University Information and Communication Technology include its history, objective,
vision, mission and any others. While the other part is describing the overall internship
experience, I had gained during the practical periods, including the procedure used while
preforming task. Finally, this report includes the benefits that I gained from our internship
program in terms of improving practical skills, interpersonal communication skills, team playing
skills, leadership skills, upgrading theoretical knowledge, work ethics and finalized by
conclusions and recommendation and quality.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION_________________________________________________________i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT__________________________________________________ii
Page iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY________________________________________________iii
LIST OF FIGURES______________________________________________________vi
LIST OF TABLES_______________________________________________________ix
CHAPTER ONE_________________________________________________________1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION_________________________1
1.1 Background of the Organization________________________________________1
1.2 Mission of the Organization___________________________________________2
1.3 Vision of the Organization____________________________________________2
1.4 Core values________________________________________________________2
1.5 The main service of AMIT ICTC_______________________________________2
1.6 Main customers and end user of AMIT ICT_______________________________3
1.7 Staff Profile of AMIT-ICT Center______________________________________6
1.8 AMIT Data Center__________________________________________________7
1.9 The objective of internship____________________________________________9
1.9.1 General Objective_________________________________________________9
1.9.2 Specific Objective________________________________________________9
CHAPTER TWO________________________________________________________10
INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE_____________________________________________10
2.1 How did we get in to the Company_____________________________________10
2.2 Section of the company we have been working____________________________10
2.3 How does the workflow looks like in the company_________________________10
2.4 Tasks we have been executing_________________________________________11
2.4.1 Physical components of network____________________________________11
2.4.2 Network Configuration and Installation_______________________________13
2.4.3 Arrangement of UTP Cable________________________________________16
2.5 What procedures we have been using while performing tasks________________18
2.5.1 How to wire (Install) Ethernet cables_________________________________19
2.5.2 Optical Fiber Cabling_____________________________________________22
2.5.3 Hardware Materials used for fusion splice_____________________________24
Page iv
2.5.4 What function can get form OTDR device____________________________26
2.5.5 Troubleshooting using CMD command_______________________________27
2.5.6 How to Configure CISCO switch using CISCO Packet Trace_____________27
2.5.7 Network Infrastructure Failure Re-installation_________________________31
2.5.8 Material used to install networks physically___________________________32
2.6 How we are good in performing our task_________________________________36
2.7 Problem encountered during internship__________________________________36
2.8 Solutions for problem encountered_____________________________________37
CHAPTER THREE______________________________________________________38
OVER ALL BENEFIT GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP PROGRAM______________38
3.1 Practical skills_____________________________________________________38
3.2 Improving Theoretical Skill___________________________________________38
3.3 Interpersonal communication skills_____________________________________38
3.4 Team playing skills_________________________________________________39
3.4.1 In what way did we develop our team playing skill in AMIT ICTC_________40
3.5 Leadership skills____________________________________________________40
3.6 About work ethics related issue________________________________________41
3.6.1 Strong Work Ethic_______________________________________________41
3.6.2 Dependability and Responsibility___________________________________41
3.6.3 Possessing a Positive Attitude______________________________________41
3.6.4 Adaptability____________________________________________________42
3.6.5 Honesty and Integrity_____________________________________________42
3.7 Entrepreneurship skills_______________________________________________42
3.8 Project on voice over internet protocol (VoIP)____________________________43
3.8.1 Objective of project______________________________________________43
3.8.2 project back ground______________________________________________43
3.8.3 Statement of the problem__________________________________________43
3.8.5 The simulation of the project_______________________________________44
CHAPTER FOUR_______________________________________________________45
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION________________________________45
4.1 Conclusions_______________________________________________________45
Page v
4.2 Recommendation___________________________________________________46
4.2.1 Recommendation to the Organization________________________________46
4.2.2 Recommendation to the University__________________________________46
REFERENCE__________________________________________________________47
ABBREVIATIONS______________________________________________________48
APPENDIXES__________________________________________________________49
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Overall organization structure and workflow of AMU-ICTC ………………………..4
Figure 1.2: (AMU) data center…………………………………………….………………………7
Figure 2.1: Firewall .......................................................................................................................9
Figure 2.2: Cisco Router ...............................................................................................................9
Page vi
Figure 2.3: Switches .....................................................................................................................10
Figure 2.4: Crimpers......................................................................................................................11
Figure 2.5: Keystone jack ............................................................................................................12
Figure 2.6: Punch down tool .......................................................................................................12
Figure 2.7: RJ-45 .........................................................................................................................12
Figure 2.8: UTP Cable ................................................................................................................13
Figure 2.9: Ethernet cable cover cutter ……………………………..….…..………….…….….16
Figure 2.10: Cutting plastic of Ethernet cable………………………………………...…………17
Figure 2.11: Unwind and pair the same colors…………………………………………..………17
Figure 2.12: Pinch the wires………………………….……………...………………….….……17
Figure 2.13: Punch down tool………………………………………………………..….……….18
Figure 2.14: RJ- 45 Connecter…………………………………………….……...……...………18
Figure 2.15: Crimping tool………………………………………………………………………18
Figure 2.16: Crimped UTP Cable………………………………..………………………………19
Figure 2.17: Tester.......................................................................................................................19
Figure 2.18: Optical fiber parts and its inside colored types…………………………………….20
Figure 2.19: Fusion Splicing Machine……………………………………………………...……21

Figure 2.20: Alcohol………………………………………………………………………..……21
Figure 2.21: Cotton………………………………………………………………………………21
Figure 2.22: 900 cutters for fusion splice…………………………………………………..…….22
Figure 2.23: Fusion splice machine………………………………………….…………..………22

Figure 2.24: Splice Protection Sleeve……………………………………………………………23
Figure 2.25: Fusion splices closure………………………………………………….…...………23
Page vii
Figure 2.26: Fiber optic patch panel……………………………………………………..………23
Figure 2.27: Fiber optic patch cable.…………………..……………...…...…………....……….24
Figure 2.28: OTDR Device …..................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2.29: Switch configuration........................................................................ ………………28
Figure 2.30: Damaged network infrastructure......................................................………………29
Figure 2.31: Fixing the Damaged Network Infrastructure...........................................................29
Figure 1.32: Trucking conduit……………………………………………...……………………30
Figure 2.33: Node frame…………………………………………………………………………30
Figure2.24: Ethernet cable…………………………………………….…………………………31
Figure 2.35: Hand drilling machine………………………………………………...……………31
Figure 2.36: Fischer screw ………………………………………………………………….…...31
Figure 2.37: Screw……………………………………………………………………………….32
Figure 2.38: Screwdriver…………………………………………………………….……….….32
Figure 2.39: UTP Patch Panel……………………………………………………………………32
Figure 2.40: Inserting wire into patch panel with their pin locations……………………...…….33
Figure 2.41: Fixed Network infrastructure................................................................................... 33
Figure 3.1: Overall simulation …………………………………………………………………44
Figure 3.2: Caller and receive……………………………………………………………………44
Figure 3 .3: Both are connected …………………………………………………...…………….44
Page viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.2: AMIT-ICT staff profile…………………………………………...……………………5
Table 2.1: Straight through cable arrangement……………………………..……………………14
Table 2.2 Crossover cable arrangement……………………………………………………….…15
Page ix
INTERNSHIP REPORT 2021
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION
1.1 Background of the Organization

Arba Minch University is one of the oldest Universities in Ethiopia which is located in Gamo
Gofa Zone of Sothern Nations, Nationalities and peoples Regional State about 500 kilometers
south of Addis Ababa and is the largest town in Gamo Gofa Zone called Arba Minch.
The internship is part of the curriculum requirement for one semester means that for 2 months,
from May 2, 2021 to July 2, 2021 G.C. It generally describes the whole tasks that I did in the
intern program, the experience and practice work benefits I have got, the challenges faced and
measures taken to solve it.
The University was initially founded as the Arba Minch Water Technology Institute (AWTI) in
1986 E.C, and retains its reputation as a center of excellence in Water related studies in Eastern
Africa. The University was officially inaugurated and shifted from institute to the University
level in June 2004 E.C. Over the past few years the University has experienced a period of
rapid growth and its administrative and academic functions are now distributed across five
campuses in Arba Minch and one campus in Sawula. This has presented substantial challenges
in co-coordinating University wide activities. This situation urged the importance of ICT in
the day to day activities of the university. Information and institutional knowledge, internally
shared, and with other national and international institutions, is also increasingly commonly
managed in digital format.
The Information and Communication Technology Center (ICTC) team provides the
primary management and support for computing and technology services within the University.
ICTC manages the wired and wireless network infrastructure, campus computer classrooms and
facilities, and maintains University owned computer equipment and peripherals.
ICTC also manages a number of services, including the University's institutional Email, Video
Conferencing, Antivirus control, Official Websites, the Internet Connection service, an
business systems such as the Integrated Library System and the Student Management
AMIT ICT CENTER Page 1

Information System (SMIS). ICTC staffs are currently working on a number of projects to
enhance the University's ICT services and to support delivery of the University's administrative
and academic functions in line with the University's ICT Strategy.
The team is the main source of support and advice for both academic and administrative
departments on computing and technology issues.
Operational areas include:
 Customer Support
 Network and Network Security
 Operational Services and Systems
 Training and Consultancy
1.2 Mission of the Organization

AMU-ICT gives different services for the university. It maintains different staffs and department
computer, photo copy machine, printer and distributes internet service for all campus.
1.3 Vision of the Organization
The vision of AMU-ICT is to provide:-
 Internet usage.
 Change manual system to computer aide system.
 Maintain different machine types such as computer, photo copy machine.
 It also gives a wide wireless internet service in everywhere in the campus and filter
(block) unwanted site.
1.4 Core values

 AMIT ICT obligations will be executed with commitment and professionalism.
 AMIT ICT will maintain a sense of self respect, discipline, and responsibility.
 AMIT ICT commits them to the practice of teamwork.
 AMIT ICT embraces efficacy and excellence.

1.5 The main service of AMIT ICTC
Information and Communication Technology Center is giving such a lot of items or
administrations in Universities. This ICT has an incredible commitment to the advancement of
the University. ICTC staffs are now working on various activities to improve the University's
ICT administrations and to help transmission of the University's high level and good academic
capacities in accordance with the University's ICT Strategy. The AMU-ICTC gives various types
of services and adequately for the fulfillment of workers, administrative, academic and students
need.
 Provide sustainable and quality ICT infrastructure and improve student and staff
access to ICT.
 Resources in line with University priorities.
 Ensure all staff members are motivated and skilled in the use of ICT to spark the
culture of continuous development in ICT expertise and exposures.
 Initiate/Develop/Supervise application development for different sections of the
University and provide ongoing maintenance of both the software and the hardware.
 Building a digital teaching-learning environment both in terms of teaching-learning
materials and in terms of digital resource sharing, promoting interactive academic
and professional communications between teachers, administrative staff,
researchers and students.
 Provide on time and online user support platform for the University community.
Establish a dynamic and adaptive online University communication network
serving internal and external users.
 Expand training and consultancy wings, including income-generating schemes,
gearing to introduce and promote ICT to the internal and external community, by
raising the capabilities and efficiencies in ICT use.
1.6 Main customers and end user of AMIT ICT

In Arba Minch University information and communication technology center have four main
parts depends on the jobs and others supportive careers. These main careers are operational
system and services, network and network security, customer support manager and project
support training.

 The AMIT ICT office strives to provide quality information and communication
service to the university's community. Always there is a growing demand towards
quality of ICT facility. Moreover, each day brings its own challenge and dangers
towards the safe way of communication on the internet.
 Maintenance work for all the computers, printers and some other related electronic
tools in the Arba Minch University.
 Protecting computers in the university from various computer security threats.
 Developing important applications for the University.
 Providing ICT related training and consultancy.
 Facilitating teaching and learning technologies.
 Providing internet service for the university staff.
 Publishing and maintaining the university's website.
 Providing ICT support in cases of seminars, workshops and other events.
 Establishing computer laboratories and providing support.
 Facilitating the delivery of the ICT and other computer courses.
 Providing assistance in the purchase of computers and other related electronic tools.

Figure 3.1 Overall organization structure and workflow of AMU-ICTC

1.7 Staff Profile of AMIT-ICT Center
ICTC staffs are currently working on a number of projects to enhance the University's ICT
services and to support delivery of the University's administrative and academic functions in line
with the University's ICT Strategy. The team is the main source of support and advice for both
academic and administrative departments on computing and technology issues. It has AMU-ICT
center Staff Profile, but now they accept more fresh workers. This is the old profile of ICT. They
listed in the table below with their own job types.
S. Job type Numbers of members
No
1 ICT-director 1
2 ICT-consultancy 2
3 System admits. service professional 3
4 Assistant system Engineering 2
5 Database administrater/developer 2
6 Network and network security Engineer 2
7 Network and network security professional 2
8 Senior Network technician 4
9 Assistant network develop professional 2
10 E-learning administer trainer 2
11 Customer supply manager 1
12 Help desk staff main campus 4
13 Senior maintenance technician 2
14 Maintenance technician of PCs 6
15 Maintenance technician of printers and copies 4
16 Class room technician 4
Table 2.2 AMIT-ICT staff profile
1.8 AMIT Data Center

AMIT data center is one of the major ICT infrastructure resources of Arba Minch University. It
has different functions for the purpose of how data is communicated through the server. A server

is a running instance of an application (software) capable of accepting requests from the client
and giving responses accordingly. Server networking model or client is used by many systems
together with email services and web sites. Peer to peer networking, a substitute model, makes
all computers to work like servers and clients simultaneously. Web server, proxy server, DHCP
server and DNS server are the four types of servers available for the security advantage of
different dedicated computers. But SMIS (web server) and DNS server are the mainly usable
servers available at AMU data center.
Student Management Information System
Arba Minch University Student Management Information System (AMU-SMIS) is a web based
application custom built for the University to allow more effective management of AMU student
data and the administrative processes involved in obtaining a degree.
SMIS is hosted in the University data center but it is accessible across all campuses, from any
computing device with a connection to the University’s network.
SMIS allows the University Registrar to place students in their respective departments, generate
student IDs and automate the admission process of students into the University.
SMIS also offers a wide variety of tools to allow effective management of student records,
including management of: curriculum, course offering, registration, attendance, grade and
transcript record, class and exam schedule, dormitory, meal and heath service, cost sharing and
billing, withdrawal, readmission and transfer processes.
Domain Name System
Domain Name Servers (DNS) are the Internet's equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a
directory of domain names and translate them to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. This is
necessary because, although domain names are easy for people to remember, computers or

machines, access websites based on IP addresses. Information from all the domain name
servers across the Internet are gathered together and housed at the Central Registry. Host
companies and Internet Service Providers interact with the Central Registry on a regular schedule
to get updated DNS information. The AMU data center just look likes in the following.
Figure 1.2(AMU) data center
1.9 The objective of internship
1.9.1 General Objective

The main objective of this internship is to prepare us for the real working environment that we
are going to face after graduation. It’s mainly focus on practical understanding of different
hardware and software resources that we have learned in class room.
1.9.2 Specific Objective

 To have experience on how to communicate professionally with employees.
 To have a clear knowledge about what we have learned in the class.
 To become somehow experienced about the basic tasks in the feature.
 To have skill and concept about different network hardware and software resources.
CHAPTER TWO
INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
2.1 How did we get in to the Company

As a rule of school of Technology at Arba Minch University the student has the right to elect the
place for internship program. This internship program is set to enhance the practical education of
the student. In case we elect the best company that provides enough work. Since we have enough
information about AMIT ICT we have interested to be in this company. As a result, the institute
appreciates us to find the company nearby offering legal institutional requesting letter to host us
for required periods by assigning supervisors and making the necessary follow up.
2.2 Section of the company we have been working

As shown above in AMIT ICT Directorate there is four teams and those works together for ICT
directorate with a different staff. From those teams we have joined the Infrastructure and
Services Team which is Network installation, configuration, management and maintenance. The

main purpose we have been there in AMIT ICT is we were very interested to participate in the
Network installation of the companies’ project. Since the company provides the project to us, we
are assigned to perform in the Network Installation we worked with them for two months. The
main activity given to us in the company is installing network. This network is done for different
areas in Arba Minch University specially AMIT Clinic and some AMIT offices. These Network
installations were to interconnect some AMIT offices in Arba Minch University (Main Campus).
2.3 How does the workflow looks like in the company

AMIT ICTC is the magnificent institution that provides inconvincible services for AMU
communities. The ICTC of AMU is leaded by bureau of AMIT ICT directorate. These bureaus
have different professionals. These employees (professionals) are the accessories of this
company. AMIT ICT is created to developed country-based technologies. This ICT section
facilitates the utilization of computers to increase their productive activity and to avoid wastage
of a time. This section also gives basic computer skills how they use computers, maintaining
computers, automation and how to transfer information from one section to another section by
using networking. Most of the staffs in this section are graduates in Computer Science and
Information Technology.
2.4 Tasks we have been executing

In this company we have been executing many tasks.
But we are executing mainly two tasks here:-
 Physical components of network

 Network configuration and Installation
2.4.1 Physical components of network
I. Network Device
A. Firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing
network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier
between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network, such as the Internet. Firewall
is also used to protect devices from unwanted traffic and access.

Figure 2.1 Firewall
B. Router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
A router is connects to two or more data lines from different IP networks.
Figure 2. 2 Cisco router
C. Switch is a small hardware device that joins multiple computers together within one
local area network (LAN). It is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer
network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device. A
network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the
data link layer (layer two) of the OSI model. Some switches can also forward data at the network
layer (layer three) by additionally incorporating routing functionality.

Figure 2.3 Switches
D. Wireless Router is a device that performs the functions of a router also includes the
functions of a wireless access point. It is used to provide access to the internet or a private
computer network. Depending on the manufacture and model it can function in a wired local
area network, in a wireless-only LAN, or in a mixed wired and wireless network.
II. Network Cables and connecters
Coaxial and twisted-pair cables use electrical signals over copper to transmit data. Fiber optic
cables use light signals to transmit data. These cables differ in bandwidth, size, and cost.
Two types of UTP cables can be made: These are straight through cable and crossover cable.
 A Straight through Cable (Class B) is the most common cable type. The wiring
scheme is the same on both sides.
 A Crossover Cable (Class A) uses both wiring schemes. T568A on one end of the
cable and T568B on the other end of the same cable.
2.4.2 Network Configuration and Installation

In network configuration and installation, there are so many tasks been executed using the
following hardware and software devices: -
a) Software Applications:
We used different application software’s during our internship time at AMU ICTC. Some of the
main application that we use commonly is packet tracer, remote desktop connection, and
firewall. In our internship time the senior network engineer try to show us some configuration of
switch by using packet tracer. The network engineer uses command line interface (CLI) to
configure the switch. The other thing that we observe is how to access a computer from remote
location by using remote desktop connection application. The last thing we observe is different
servers on the data center like SMIS, DNS, and other servers.
b) Driller:

 I used this material to drill the wall in order to connect the trunk and node
to wall. c) Trunking:
 I used this material as both protection and organization of multiple
running cables. Due to health and safety reasons, cables should ways be kept tidy and
organized, a cable Trunking will achieve this by eliminating any possible tripping
hazards. d) Crimper:
 Crimper is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one

or both in a way that causes them to hold each other.
 I were used the crimper to make different standard Ethernet cable for
AMIT ICT
staff for the purpose of internet service.
Figure 2.4 Crimper
e) Keystone Jacks :
 Is a standardized snap-in package for mounting a variety of low-voltage electrical

jacks or optical connectors into a keystone wall plate, surface mount box or patch
panel.

Figure 2.5 keystone jack
f) Punch Down (Krone) Tool:
 I have been working using this tool to connect telecommunications and network
wires to a patch panel, punch down block, keystone module, or surface mount box.
Figure 2.6 punch down tool

g) RJ-45(Male):
 I was used the RJ-45 for connection of Ethernet network adapters. It is an 8-pin
connection and this connecter most connected to the end of cat 6 cable, which is
connected between a computer network card and a network device such as a network
switch.
Figure 2.7RJ-45
h) Cat-6 Cable:
 I transmit data between different devices using cat-6 UTP cables. It data rate is up to
10Gbps and data transmits up to 100M.

Figure 2.8 UTP Cable
2.4.3 Arrangement of UTP Cable
Straight through cable arrangement:
I use this UTP cabling for the different type of network devices. This type of cable will be used
most of the time and can be used to:
 Connect a computer to a switch/hub's normal port.

 Connect a computer to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port.
 Connect a router's WAN port to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port.
 Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's uplink port. (Normally used for
expanding network)
 Connect two switches/hubs with one of the switch/hub using an uplink port and the
other one using normal port.
Pin ID Side A Side B
RJ-45 RJ-45
1 White Orange White Orange

2 Orange Orange
3 White Green White Green
4 Blue Blue
5 White Blue White Blue
6 Green Green
7 White Brown White Brown
8 Brown Brown
Table 2.1 Straight through cable arrangement
Crossover cable arrangement:
I use this UTP cabling for the same type of network devices where the pins order on one end
follows the 568A pinning order and the other end of the cable follows the 568B pinning order.
That means connecting two pieces of equipment that have the same pin edge on both ports. Such
as connecting
 Connect two computers directly.

 Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's normal port. (Normally used for
expanding network)
 Connect two switches/hubs by using normal port in both switches/hubs.
In you need to check how crossover cable looks like, both side (side A and side B) of cable have
wire arrangement with following different color.
Pin ID Side A Side B
RJ45 RJ45
1 White Orange White Green

2 Orange Green
3 White Green White Orange
4 Blue Blue
5 White Blue White Blue
6 Green Orange
7 White Brown White Brown
8 Brown Brown
Table 2.2 Crossover cable arrangement
This cable (either straight cable or cross cable) has total 8 wires (or we can say lines), i.e. four
twisted pairs (4x2=8) with different color codes. Purpose of this cross cable is RX (receiving
terminal) connects to TX (transmitting) of one PC to another PC and vice versa. As we use two
PCs (same devices), straight cable will connect TX to TX and RX to RX of two computers, so
cross cable is required. If you use HUB or switch, then straight cable will work because it has
internal arrangement like cross cable. So note that use cross cable to connect two similar devices
A straight cable will not work to connect two computers together. Crossover used to connect to
PCs directly together, also used for connecting networking devices together like Switch to
Switch etc.
The difference between Cross Cable and Straight Cable:
Now days, LAN card has intelligence, so that both cables can work. They have a feature on lots
of switches and hubs. Straight and crossover cable can be Cat3, Cat 5, Cat 5e or Cat 6 UTP
cable, the only difference is each type will have different wire arrangement in the cable for
serving different purposes. Straight cables connect two DIFFERENT types of devices. Whereas
crossover cables connect two of the SAME type Ethernet network cables are straight and
crossover cable. This Ethernet network cable is made of 4 pair high performance cable that
consists of twisted pair conductors that used for data transmission. Both end of cable is called
RJ-45 connect.

2.5 What procedures we have been using while performing tasks
I maintain different network related problems based on their request. We used different materials
as explained in the material and section. Because of the expansion of AMIT Data Center we also
seen different hardware and software’s and try to disconnect them for the new installation.
To list some basic tasks:
 Network cable installation

 Fiber optics cable splicing
 Switch configuration and installation
I am going to see in detail about the different tasks we have done procedurally with detail
explanation below.
2.5.1 How to wire (Install) Ethernet cables
The following procedure/step below shows the proper orientation of the colored wires to the pins
and how to crimp the connector to the cable.
Step 1: First, we prepared the necessary materials that were used for executing the task such as
Cuter, RJ-45, Tester, Crimper and Cable which is most of them are mentioned above.
Figure 2.9 Ethernet cable cover cutter
I used this tool to strip the protective part around Ethernet cable. To remove the cover of Ethernet
cables especially CAT-6 we rotate this tool 3600 around the cable.
Step 2: Then I cut the required cable (Cat-6) length from the cable box and striped off about
1inches of the Ethernet cable sheath in both ends.

Figure 2.10 Cutting plastic of Ethernet cable
Step 3: Untwist the paired thin cables then we aligned the colors according to the given
instruction (crossover or straight through).
Figure 2.11 Unwind and pair the same colors
Step 4: Straighten the pairs out completely and lay them over the top of the jack with the order of
the color pattern for wiring. Then by pinching the wires using fingers which is trimmed all wires
to the same length then I inserted the wires in to the RJ-45 plug. Then we make sure because
each wire is fully inserted to the front of the RJ-45 plug and in the correct color order.
Figure 2.12 Pinch the wires
Step 5: Keeping the pairs as twisted as possible press the wire into the correct groove withyour
thumbs. If you completely straighten the wires to run them through the jack you will risk cross
talk between the pairs.

Figure 2.13 Punch down
Step 6: Then the punched twisted pair is inserted into RJ-45 which is a standardized physical
network interface for connecting telecommunications or data equipment. RJ-45 is a type of
standard connector used mostly in TCP/IP Internet traffic utilizing either a shielded or unshielded
twisted pair CAT five or CAT six copper cables.
Figure 2.14RJ-45 Connector
Step 7: The sheath of the Ethernet cable should extend into the plug by about ½ and it would
have been held in place by the crimp.
Figure 2.15 Crimping tool
Step 8: I crimped the RJ-45 plug with the crimper tool.

Figure 2.16 Crimped UTP Cable
Step 9: At the other end side of the cable the same procedure would have been followed and
finally I would test whether the given Ethernet cable or Ethernet node was correct or not by using
Cable Tester and follow the LED lighting that all the 8 pin is working.
Figure 2.17 Tester
2.5.2 Optical Fiber Cabling
Fiber optics is sending signals from one location to another in the form of modulated light guided
through like hair-thin fibers of glass or plastic. These signals can be analog or digital and voice,
data or video information. Fiber can transport more information longer distances in less time than
any copper wire or wireless method. It's powerful and very fast - offering more bandwidth than
any other form of communication. Contain inside two color types, green and blue. Each color
contains six colored fiber glass. I know about Fiber which is the best data cable that transmits
huge amount of data in the form of light. Optical fiber is the maximum bandwidth about 10
Gigabits per second currently.
Optical fiber has the following parts:
 Core - Thin glass center of the fiber where the light travels
 Cladding - Outer optical material surrounding the core that reflects the light back
into the core

 Buffer coating - Plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage and moisture
Figure 2.18 Optical fiber parts and its inside colored types
There are two types of fiber optic cable: Single Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multi-Mode Fiber
(MMF).
 Single Mode Fiber (SMF) uses a single ray of light to carry transmission over long
as well as it uses lasers to send a single ray of light that can travel hundreds of
kilometers; because of it has a thin core.
 Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) uses multiple rays of light simultaneously with each ray
of light running at a different reflection angle to carry the transmission over short
distances; because of it has a larger core. Uses LEDs to send multiple light signals
that can travel up to 550 meters.
Fusion splicing machine

Fiber splice is one of the best works in the network world next of the management of the network
device like routers, bridge, firewall, and servers and etc.
We have used Fusion splicing machine:-
 To splice the fiber optic cable that means to join two optical fibers end-to-end using
heat.
 To made the two glasses of fiber optic cable

 To check whether the two glasses are connected correctly or not
 To differentiate the unclean glass of fiber optic cable
 To fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is
not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region
surrounding it are almost as strong as the virgin fiber itself.

Figure 2.19 Fusion Splicing Machine
Alcohol:-Is used for clean the scratched fiber, because OFC by nature lubricate.
Figure 2.20 Alcohol
Cotton:-Is used to dry and clean up some dust from OFC to minimize loss in between
0.000.3dBS
.
Figure 2.21 Cotton
2.5.3 Hardware Materials used for fusion splice

Stripper:-A cutter for removing the heavy outside jacket of cables
Fiber Stripper:-A precise stripper used to remove the buffer coating of the fiber itself for
termination.
Fiber optic cutter/clever cutter:-A tool that precisely breaks (cuts) the fiber to produce a flat end
for splicing. This tool is not the same with other cutters. Because it cutes the class with 90degree.
Other cutters are not as much as possible to cut for 90 degree.

Figure 2.22 900 cutters for fusion splice
Figure 2.23 a) Adjusted for fusion Figure 2.23 b) start fusion Figure 2.23 c) finished and
spliced
Figure 2.23 Fusion splice machine
Sleeves:-Is the Fiber Fusion Splice Protection of single and multimode fiber splices in field
installations, Inside contains metal and outer part is plastic cover compatible for this protection.
Therefore, also Fiber Optic Heat Shrinkable sleeves.
Figure 2.24 Splice Protection Sleeve

OFC splice closure:- made of tough plastic, that envelops the exposed area between spliced
cables, that is where the jackets have been removed to expose the individual transmission media,
or optical fiber to be joined. Fiber optic cables, it also contains a splice organizer to facilitate the
splicing process
and protect damage. the
exposed fibers
from
mechanical
Figure 2.25 Fusion splices closure
Fiber optic patch panel

This is used to separate out single or multimode fibers within fiber optic cable. By using one of
these panels, the fibers can be spliced to individual fibers on other cables, allowing the cables to
be crossed and connected in a variety of ways. In addition, the panel creates a safe environment
in which to work with exposed spliced fibers.
Figure 2.26 Fiber optic patch panel
Fiber optic patch cable cord

Is an optical cable used to connect one optical device to another for signal Routing. Devices of
different types (e.g., a patch panel to a switch connected) are connected with patch cords. Patch
cords are usually produced in many different colors so as to be easily distinguishable for
single/multimode OFC.

Figure 2.27 Fiber Optic Patch Cable
2.5.4 What function can get form OTDR device

OTDR is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. An OTDR is the
optical equivalent of an electronic time domain Reflectometer. It injects a series of optical pulse
in to the fiber under test and extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that scattered (Ray
backscatter) or reflected from points along the fiber. The scattered or reflected light that is
gathered back is used to characterize the optical fiber. This is equivalent to the way that an
electronic time-domain meter measures reflection caused by changes in the impedance of the
cable under test. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of
time, and plotted as a function of fiber length.
Figure 2.28 OTDR Device
2.5.5 Troubleshooting using

CMD command
a. We would Bound up with all the necessary toolkits when we want to solve the problem
occurred on the AMU offices.
b. Then we looked the problem or failure was from the end side of the user or from the network
distributed side (data center). If the problem was from the user side, we looked the
PC/computer settings.
c. We clicked the network connection icon then click on the “open network and sharing center”
=> click on the Ethernet and “enable” the setting and click on the “properties” and we check
the IP version it should been on the “TCP/IPv4” and the click on the “properties” and click on
“obtain IP address assigned automatically”.

d. After that if the network not worked, we solved using CMD command
 ipconfig /all
 ipconfig /release
 ipconfig /renew
Finally, the PC/computer restarted the network connection and it got the ip address automatically
(DHCP) from the core router then the computer states browse internet.
2.5.6 How to Configure CISCO switch using CISCO Packet Trace
Switch configuration is very important because different network is communicate by

creating VLAN in switch and also easily to maintain the network traffic. Switch is connected
with computer by the console cable as told us network technician so configuration are
described below:-
1) Configuring as access port
When we configure a port in access mode, we can specify which VLAN will carry the traffic for
that interface. If we do not configure the VLAN for port access mode, or access port, interface
carries traffic for the default VLAN (VLAN1). An access port can have only one VLAN
configured on the interface; it can carry traffic or only one VLAN.
2) Configuring as trunk port
When we configure a port in trunk mode; we prefer the port make point-to-point link between
device and another network device. Trunk port can carry the traffic of multiple VLANs over a
single link and allow us to extend VLANs across an entire network. A trunk port can have two or
more VLANs configured on the interface; it can carry traffic or several VLANs simultaneously.
Step 1: We connected our laptop to the switch using console cable and got access to command
line interface of cisco switch.
Step 2: We configured basic Switch configurations as follow.
a) Switch>enable // this command is used to get in to user/privileged mode.

b) Switch configure terminal // used to get in to global configuration mode.
c) Switch (config) #hostname AMU // used to give specific hostname for the device.
d) AMU (config) #enable secret AMUICTC// used to set secure or encrypted password inorder to
get in to user/privileged mode of the device.
e) AMU (config) #line vty 0 15
AMU (config-line) #password AMUICTC
AMU (config-line) #login

AMU (config-line) #exit // used to set authentication password for user Verification
accesses to those of telnet clients.
f) AMU (config-line) #line console 0
AMU (config-line) #password AMUICTC
AMU (config-line) #login
AMU (config-line) #exit // these commands are used for authentication for the user to get access
in to devices using console port.
g) AMU (config) #banner motd #*** unauthorized access is prohibited ***# // this command
Prefers warning message to those who access the device without authority will be punished.
Step 3: We created VLANs on the switch.
a) AMU (config) #vlan 130
AMU (config-vlan) #name PG_office
AMU (config-vlan) #do write

b) AMU (config-vlan) #vlan 142
AMU (config-if) #name PG_stud
AMU (config-if) #do write
Step 4: We configured IP address for the VLAN interfaces
a) AMU (config) #interface vlan 130
AMU (config-if) #IP address 192.168.10.5 255.255.255.0

b) AMU (config) #interface vlan 142
AMU (config-if) # IP address 192.168.15.7 255.255.255.0
AMU (config-if) #
Step 5: We configured the ports as trunk and access mode as follow
a) AMU (config) #interface fastEthernet 0/1
MCB-605-SW (config-if) #switchport mode access
AMU (config-if) #switchport access vlan 130
AMU (config-if) #exit
b) AMU (config) # interface fastEthernet 0/2 AMU (config-if)
#switchport mode access
AMU (config-if) #switchport access vlan 130

The above commands prefer port fastEthernet 0/1 and fastEthernet 0/2 to become as accessmode.
Both of them are configured to be in the same VLAN (30).
a) AMU (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
AMU (config-if) #switchport mode trunk
AMU (config-if) #switchport trunk allowed vlan 130,142

These commands prefer the port fast Ethernet 0/3 to be a trunk port in order to carry multiple
VLANs across a single virtual trunk port.
Figure 2.29 Switch configuration
2.5.7 Network Infrastructure Failure Re-installation
As shown in the figure below the network infrastructure was failed due to the re-new project in
the AMIT ICT buildings and failure re-installation networks in womens library. Using the
necessary toolkits such as cutter, crimper, RJ-45, Keystone, puncher, Cat-6 cable, Tester and
Trunk we went to the office to fix the problems.

Figure 2.30 Damaged network Infrastructure
We saw how hardly damaged the cable and determined the enough length of cable used to
connect the broken-down wires inside the trunk. On the one side of the stumped wire were
made RJ-45(male) at the same time made the keystone (female) to attach both on the one side of
the cable. Which is used to inter connect the broken cables. Soon afterward, we made the same
work but opposite indirection that means punched the keystone on the wire stumped at other side
of the wall and we make the RJ-45 on other side of the cable we used to inter connect the wires
with checking the labeling carefully.
Figure 2.31 Fixing the damaged network infrastructure
2.5.8 Material used to install networks physically
1. Trunking Conduit
This tool used for the safety of UTP cable to protect from damage.

Figure4.32 Trucking conduit
2. Network node
In a network, a node is a connection point or an endpoint for data transmissions. In general, data
from network switch to workstation transmit via UTP cable lastly to node, as the result, from the
node to user equipment.
Figure 2.33 Node frame
3. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
 It used in both the horizontal and backbone cabling subsystem

 UTP cable is certainly the most popular type of network cable on the world
 It replaced the old coaxial cable
 Extensively used for Local-Area network(LANs)
 It used in the computer and telecommunication industry as Ethernet cable
Figure2.54 Ethernet cable

4. Hand drilling machine
A drilling machine is a tool used to drill floor or the building wall for the installation of trunking
condit which is used for the attachment of various materials such as network cables to pass
through bored hole. During our activities in internship we did drilling the wall of the building for
the purpose of installing network in the office of womens librery.
Figure 2.35Hand drilling machine
5. Fischer screw
These tools are used to connect trunk to the wall. This is inserted loosely into a drilled hole, then
a screw is tightened into the Centre. As the screw enters the plug, the soft material of the plug
expands conforming tightly to the wall material
Figure 2.36 Fischer screw
6. Screw
The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together such as wall and trunk
Figure 2.37 Screw

7. Screwdriver
This tool are used to drive the bolt to tin the trunk with wall
Figure2.38 Screwdriver
8. UTP Patch Panel
This is a cable management device which has 24 ports or 48 ports arranged at the top row and
bottom row of the jack. The top row of the jack wired at the real to output and the bottom row of
the jack wired to input.UTP patch panels are network ports held together within network cables
closets that connect incoming and outgoing local area network (LAN) lines. Patch panels within
LANs connect network computers to each other and to outside lines, enabling the LANs to
connect to the Internet or other wide area networks (WANs).
 Used to arrange cable easily.

 To punch cables on punchers and used to manage simply cables.
 It used to minimize lots of time when a times of maintained network
Figure 2.39 UTP Patch Panel Procedure
to punch down UTP cable into the patch panel

There are some steps here:
 Remove the plastic sheath 25cm from the cable.

 Lay the wires down in the patch panel.
 Keep the sheath within 0.65 cm of where the wires begin branching out to their pin
locations.
 Do not untwist the wires more than necessary to lay them down at the pin locations.
 Use the punch tool to push conductors into the pin locations. Make sure to position
the cutting side of the punch tool so that it faces the outside of the patch panel. If
this is not done, it will cut the wire being punched.
Figure 2.40 Inserting wire into patch panel with their pin locations
As a result, we checked the connection and labeling was correct using tester from the switch side
and from the end user side (port side). And it was correct and connected the switch and patch
ports using patch cored cable to activate the ports in user side.
Figure 2.41 Fixed network infrastructure
2.6 How we are good in performing our task

Practical attachment is used to give students practical exposal of work in different organization.
During this period student is expect to attend the work of the organization like any regular
employee and perform any activities that the organization gives for him/her. The organization
also expected to make maximum effort to utilize the student’s knowledge and practical skill. We
are truly gratified that we had so many experiences from this internship program. At the time of
apparent, we had many unconquerable things for our future. Our Supervisors and other
Organization staffs were communicating with us at any time about what to do and what to add on
our task.

2.7 Problem encountered during internship
Everybody can face a challenge while performing any tasks so is it. We faced so many problems
that challenge our work but these difficulties did not stop us from executing our tasks. Among
many difficulties and measures taken, these are some of them:-
On the first month of some first weeks the internship time difficult to communicate inter
personally with networking team staffs. Because each person has its own personal
behavior due to this it difficult to inter communicate easily.
Not having enough work, this internship has 2-month period. It was long period of time
to work a lot of valuable practical job. But it had not daily work for us as we expected
before.
The skill full persons are almost always busy at work. So that there is no enough time to
discuss with them.
Not enough feedback, we have had no feedback from our supervisor, good or bad. We
really want to know if there is something we can improve upon.
2.8 Solutions for problem encountered

The following are what we did as a solution to the problems we faced. During our internship
period the above problems was difficult to reduce but through the time it was minimize and we
became familiar with the company.
 We overcome the interpersonal communication challenge by understanding the

motive and behaviors of staffs. As we know interpersonal communication
challenge need self-motivation and closeness to person who works together.
Therefore, in order to overcome interpersonal communication challenge, the first
thing is politely asking questions and making conversation. So, we were trying to
overcome or solve the challenge gradually. Finally, which results the relation with
staff is like as a friendship.
 We decided that we have to be proactive and in our free time asking our senior
employees about anything they know if they have a moment to chat and give an
overview on their role in the office.

 As an internship student we learn about the profession from them. We decided to
ask them since they are skilled persons even if they are busy at work by arranges
the time to make contact.
 The best way to get feedback is to actively seek it – set up meetings with our
supervisor so we can check in and make sure our expectations are aligned. Ask for
feedback and ways we can improve our work. Not only this, we alleviate some
stress and frustration part here, but our supervisor also appreciates our
conscientiousness.
CHAPTER THREE
OVER ALL BENEFIT GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
3.1 Practical skills

Theoretical knowledge is gained from visualizing something from what we understand and is
difficult to master or save. Whereas when theoretical knowledge is developed by practical it will
be unforgettable, easily and quickly understandable and the main tool for problem solving. It is
very essential that one should know the theoretical aspects prior to going for practice. Generally,
an internship program is the mechanism by which we can grasp knowledge to relate the real
world with the host company that we attend and relate it with the theoretical lessons that we took
before. Mainly we acquired much knowledge that is basic and as AMIT ICT staff member we
got some essential technical skills like that of we are able to troubleshoot network problems and
we can configure switches physically.
3.2 Improving Theoretical Skill

We would say we were lucky to obtain theoretical knowledge during the intern program because
our lab was full of internet access. Internship program gave the opportunity to apply our
theoretical knowledge in real world environments, In addition to the practical skill. Almost all
the courses we took were focused on theoretical part, thanks to this internship program; we are
now able to upgrade our theoretical knowledge by practice. Generally speaking, theoretical

knowledge got strengthen more by those practical techniques invested. It assists us in moving
toward our career goals by combining what we had learned from school, practical and supervised
work experience; it thus explained the necessity of every student to undergo this process. From
what we heard we thought the theory we learn had no point, but what we saw was the opposite of
what we heard even though some things are ignored.
3.3 Interpersonal communication skills

In the company, we were working with all the staff members peacefully, by the experience we
have gained from our internship program. Individuals often learn different things from
colleagues through communication. For any individual, communication is an important way of
learning, which can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge
or skills. Good communication is the life blood of all profession. And it takes many forms, such
as speaking, writing and listening, it has the following advantages.
 To handle information
 To persuade people
 To improve relationships with others
We were able to improve how to communicate colleagues and we greatly understand that
interpersonal skill is the most valuable quality in electrical engineering department. Finally,
what we have observed were how to communicate effectively, it is essential that you choose the
suitable medium by selecting the right communication channel which is the most valuable
quality in electrical and computer engineering department.
3.4 Team playing skills

Even if tasks are done individuals by the respective person at different section of the company,
there are times at which different individuals come together to work for common goals of the
company for increasing productivity. The most important point in team playing skill is just
reaching an agreement from different points on the work to be done. Furthermore, to have a
common understanding on the task that is to be accomplished, we always try to listen carefully
those individuals with whom we are working. After listening others idea, we provide an idea
which we think is very constructive for the task being done. Generally speaking, a person with

good team playing skill may have the following qualities and our ambition during the period is
try to achieve and develops as a habit.
 Demonstrates reliability
 Communicates constructively
 Listens actively
 Functions as an active participant
 Shares openly and willingly
 Cooperates and helps others
 Exhibits flexibility
 Shows commitment to the team
 Works as a problem-solver
 Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner
3.4.1 In what way did we develop our team playing skill in AMIT ICTC
 Avoid internal politics and be loyal to the team.
 Value interdependence as it is the most certain way of being a good team player
and remembers not to give up under dire circumstances but just to refocus on your
thinking.
 Get along with others and support them; recognize and accept their strengths,
weaknesses, and you can then wear the mantle of a good team player.
3.5 Leadership skills

Leadership means controlling or managing the overall activities of the institution. For example,
the organization manager controls the activities that are done at a given building. Generally,
leader ship is all about confidence, self-esteem, trust and professionalism to lead and mange a
given business or project. In our internship period we have done some tasks which were related
more of with leadership and management. We were responsible to control and supervise some
activity and this helps us to develop our leadership skill. We have a good experience from our
internship program in terms of improving our leadership skill.

Material management: We have been practically able to see how networking materials are
managed in a way that is efficient and wastage reducing. Managing networking materials starts
from the time it is taken from the store to it is implemented in building.
Human labor management: We have seen how each worker was organized to execute its task.
Human labor management takes special attention among other resource managements, because
of human labors are dynamic.
The main Leadership qualities we have developed from this organization:-
 Integrity
 Honesty
 Courage
 Commitment
 Passion
 Confidence
 Positivity
 Wisdom
 Determination  Sensitivity.
3.6 About work ethics related issue

These are the best work ethics we have seen in the company:-
3.6.1 Strong Work Ethic

Employers value employees who understand and possess a willingness to work hard. In addition
to working hard it is also important to work smart. This means learning the most efficient way to
complete tasks and finding ways to save time while completing daily assignments. It’s also
important to care about your job and complete all projects while maintaining a positive attitude.
Doing more than is expected on the job is a good way to show management that you utilize good
time management skills and don’t waste valuable company time attending to personal issues not
related to the job.

3.6.2 Dependability and Responsibility
Employers must value their employees who come to work on time, are there when they are
supposed to be, and are responsible for their actions and behavior. It’s important to keep
supervisors abreast of changes in your schedule or if you are going to be late for any reason. This
also means keeping your supervisor informed on where you are on all projects you have been
assigned. Being dependable and responsible as an employee shows your employer that you value
your job and that you are responsible in keeping up with projects and keeping them informed of
the things that they should know about.
3.6.3 Possessing a Positive Attitude

Employers seek employees who take the initiative and have the motivation to get the job done in
a reasonable period. A positive attitude gets the work done and motivates others to do the same
without dwelling on the challenges that inevitably come up in any job. It is the enthusiastic
employee who creates an environment of good will and who provides a positive role model for
others. A positive attitude is something that is most valued by supervisors and co-workers and
that also makes the job more pleasant and fun to go to each day.
3.6.4 Adaptability
Employers seek employees who are adaptable and maintain flexibility in completing tasks in an
ever-changing workplace. Being open to change and improvements provides an opportunity to
complete work assignments in a more efficient manner while offering additional benefits to the
corporation, the customer, and even the employee. Each person possesses their own set or
strengths and adapting personal behaviors to accommodate others is part of what it takes to work
effectively as a team. New strategies, ideas, priorities, and work habits can foster a belief among
workers that management and staff are both committed to making the workplace a better place to
work.
3.6.5 Honesty and Integrity

Employers also required to value their employees who maintain a sense of honesty and integrity
above all else. Good relationships are built on trust. When working for an employer they want to
know that they can trust what you say and what you do. Successful businesses work to gain the
trust of customers and maintain the attitude that “the customer is always right”. It is the

responsibility of each person to use their own individual sense of moral and ethical behavior
when working with and serving others within the scope of their job.
3.7 Entrepreneurship skills

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and job creation. It provides many people
career opportunities that better fit their preferences than waged employment. During internship
period some companies select some students and employ them after graduation. After the
completion of intern ship, we are more motivated to become a network administrator and manage
huge networks after graduation. Generally, intern ship give confidence to us “we can do well a
given work effectively and efficiently” after graduation. In general internship is very essential for
students to be having confidence in their field of study and to effectively and efficiently carry
their responsibility after graduation.
3.8 Project on voice over internet protocol (VoIP)

Voice over IP (internet protocol) telephony, is method and group of technologies for the delivery
of voice communication and multimedia sessions over internet protocol networks such as the
internet.
3.8.1 Objective of project
The objective of this project is:
To design voice over ip for AMIT Maine campus by using packet tracer
3.8.2 project back ground

Arba Minch University doesn’t use voice over ip telephony, but instead of this AMU use analog
phone. This project solves problems of analog phones, because analog phones are connected
directly from ethio telecommunication and it have its own disadvantage. VOIP is working by ip
in the internet so we can directly plug the VOIP telephony in the switches at the offices and it
solves the problems of analog telephony.
3.8.3 Statement of the problem

AMU University using Analog Telephony system which is directly connected from Ethio
Telecommunication at Arba Minch branch, this have its own disadvantages. When the campus

need to use analog telephony, it connect phones directly from ethio telecom using ordinary
analog telephone cables from ethio tele to the campus. Moreover, in the AMU Campus there is
an ip wastage in some VLANs
3.8.4 Materials and Methodologies used to regard the project
We were used the software packet tracer to do this project because we are familiar to this
software. Before starting the project, we had look in to some books and reference to interact with
voice over IP telephony. Then after that we had to ask user requirements like what the project
need to accomplish, what future it should have, what limit it goes, and what security levels it
need and so on. Therefore, after recording this requirement, we started to work on the packet
tracer software.
3.8.5 The simulation of the project
Figure 3.1: Overall simulation
Figure 3.2: Caller and receive

Figure 3 .3: Both are connected
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1 Conclusions
This report is about to explain what we did and learned during our internship period with Arba
Minch University ICTC in the main Campus. AMIT ICT Center is the network service provider
for Arba Minch University communities and provides multi service for the customers in the
wired networks or wireless networks. It is still on the way to provide a much more quality of
service, secured, and fast service for users. Internship is the basic to be a competent for every
student living in this globalized world there is knowledge at every work company the same as
that of at Universities.
We got more knowledge related to field from this company and the working behavior, in general
as we already explained it so far what we got from this internship. It has been an ideal place
and program to grasp experiences, upgrading theoretical knowledge and practical skill and to
widen perspective view during designing or technical practical activities. This program provides
the opportunity to have relation with some intelligent person and technician. In addition to that, it
creates an opportunity to get the information about the industry-working environment and related
issues. The internship makes defiantly after graduation the ability of creating good
interpersonal communication skill with industry workers for better achievements of
intentional goal. After going through the whole period of internship, we have observed so many
professional activities and learnt as well.
This internship was very fruitful to us because we had to cover many different fields. We have
been working in networking department, maintenance of the company, which concerns about
making Ethernet cables, developing a network infrastructure and maintenance of networking
infrastructure for Arba Minch University communities. While we perform troubleshooting and
configuration tasks, we become familiar with devices like routers, switches, software’s, crimper,
cutter, tester etc. in general, we got our best practical skills from the company. We get good
communication skills from employees with their personality, creativity and management bodies.
In addition, we also learnt new concept and ways of working.
4.2 Recommendation
4.2.1 Recommendation to the Organization

AMIT ICT service provided mainly focus on the increasing the coverage of network for AMU
staff (for office worker and for teachers) only. Due to this case, the students could not get access
to internet easily and they could not update their knowledge to the global. Therefore, as
recommendation the AMU ICT or the university to care about the students and as much as
possible they must provide wireless (Wi-Fi) access with fast connective in different locations of
the campus for example at a dormitory area, at in front of Library and beside of other coverage
area to improve the quality of service provided.
Therefore, the company or AMIT ICT could be highly expected to accept the requested
recommendation in kindly to fill the interest of the company end user as well as the internship
student to work with them properly.
4.2.2 Recommendation to the University

Moreover, we recommended that The University should give chance to electrical and
computerengineering student to see some related company equipment and device before
internship program. Trip related with knowledge sharing program with the future hosting
company is much better for student to be familiar with equipment and device when the student
joins the company for internship program.

REFERENCE
Our references are the following sites as well as some information collected manually.
[1].www.amu.edu.et
[2].Behrouz A. Frozen Data communication and networking, 4th edition.
[3].Roy Blake, Electronic communication system, 2nd edition.
[4].http://www.cisco.com/en/US/about/ac123/ac114/ac173/ac168/about_cisco_packethome.html
ABBREVIATIONS
AMIT-Arba Minch Institute of Technology

AWTI-Arba Minch Water Technology Institute
ICTC-Information Communication and Technology Center
PC- Personal Computer
UTP- Unshielded Twisted Pair
RJ-45- Register Jack-45
LAN- Local Area Network
WAN- Wide Area Network
CMD- Command Prompt
LED- Light Emitting Diode
OTDR- Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
DHCP- Dynamic Host Control Protocol
MAC- Media Access Control
IP- Internet Protocol
VoIP-Voice over Internet Protocol
MbPs-Megabit per second
GbPs-Gigabyte per second
MAC-Media Access Control
E.C- Ethiopian Calendar G.C-Gregorian
Calendar
TCP- Transport Control Protocol
HTTP- Hyper Text Terminal protocol
NO- Number
APPENDIXES
1.Router no en conf t int fa0/0 ip add
192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 no shut ip

dhcp pool voice network 192.168.10.0
255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.10.1
option 150 ip 192.168.10.1 exit tele
max- ephones 5 max- dn 5 ip source-
address 192.168.10.1 port 2001 auto
assign 1 to 5 exit tele
ephon-dn 1
number 5555
ephone-dn 2
number 5556
exit
do w 1.Switch en conf t
int range fa0/1-5
switchport mode
access switchport voice
vlan 1 exit
do w 2.Router no en conf t int fa0/0 ip
add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 no
shut ip dhcp pool voip network
192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 default-
rauter 192.168.20.1 option 150 ip
192.168.20.1 exit tele
max-ephones 5 max-dn ip source-address
192.168.20.1 port 2001 auto assign 1 to 5
exit tele

ephone-dn 1 number
6666 ephone-dn 2
number 6667
exit
do w
2.Switch En Conf t int
range fa0/1-5
switchport mode acc
switchport voice vlan 1
exit
do w 1.Router en conf t int
se0/3/0 ip add 192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0 no shut clock
range 64000
exit
router rip version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.10.0
network 192.168.1.0
exit dial-peer voice 1 voip
destination-patetern 6…. Session
target ipv4:192.168.20.1 do w
2.Router En
Conf t

int se0/3/0 ip add 192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0 no shut exit router
rip version 2 no au network
192.168.20..0 network
192.168.1.0 do w
exit dial-peer voice 1 voip
destination-pattern 5….. sesstion
target ipv4:192.168.10.1 exit
do w
1.Pc 0 ip address
192.168.10.4 subnet mask
255.255.255.0 default
gateway 192.168.10.1 2.Pc 1
ip address 192.168.10.4
subnet mask 255.255.0
default gateway 192.168.20.1

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ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

INTERNSHIP REPORT ON ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF

31th July 2021

Student Name Signature

ADANE TESHOME …………………..

Report Advisor Signature

Figure 1.1: Overall organization structure and workflow of AMU-ICTC ………………………..4

Figure 1.2: (AMU) data center…………………………………………….………………………7

Figure 2.1: Firewall .......................................................................................................................9

Figure 2.2: Cisco Router ...............................................................................................................9

Figure 2.4: Crimpers......................................................................................................................11

Figure 2.5: Keystone jack ............................................................................................................12

Figure 2.6: Punch down tool .......................................................................................................12

Figure 2.7: RJ-45 .........................................................................................................................12

Figure 2.8: UTP Cable ................................................................................................................13

Figure 2.9: Ethernet cable cover cutter ……………………………..….…..………….…….….16

Figure 2.10: Cutting plastic of Ethernet cable………………………………………...…………17

Figure 2.11: Unwind and pair the same colors…………………………………………..………17

Figure 2.12: Pinch the wires………………………….……………...………………….….……17

Figure 2.13: Punch down tool………………………………………………………..….……….18

Figure 2.14: RJ- 45 Connecter…………………………………………….……...……...………18

Figure 2.15: Crimping tool………………………………………………………………………18

Figure 2.16: Crimped UTP Cable………………………………..………………………………19

Figure 2.17: Tester.......................................................................................................................19

Figure 2.19: Fusion Splicing Machine……………………………………………………...……21

Figure 2.21: Cotton………………………………………………………………………………21

Figure 2.22: 900 cutters for fusion splice…………………………………………………..…….22

Figure 2.23: Fusion splice machine………………………………………….…………..………22

Figure 2.28: OTDR Device …..................................................................................................... 24

Figure 2.29: Switch configuration........................................................................ ………………28

Figure 2.30: Damaged network infrastructure......................................................………………29

Figure 2.31: Fixing the Damaged Network Infrastructure...........................................................29

Figure 1.32: Trucking conduit……………………………………………...……………………30

Figure 2.33: Node frame…………………………………………………………………………30

Figure2.24: Ethernet cable…………………………………………….…………………………31

Figure 2.35: Hand drilling machine………………………………………………...……………31

Figure 2.36: Fischer screw ………………………………………………………………….…...31

Figure 2.37: Screw……………………………………………………………………………….32

Figure 2.38: Screwdriver…………………………………………………………….……….….32

Figure 2.39: UTP Patch Panel……………………………………………………………………32

Figure 2.41: Fixed Network infrastructure................................................................................... 33

Figure 3.1: Overall simulation …………………………………………………………………44

Figure 3.2: Caller and receive……………………………………………………………………44

Figure 3 .3: Both are connected …………………………………………………...…………….44

Table 1.2: AMIT-ICT staff profile…………………………………………...……………………5

Table 2.1: Straight through cable arrangement……………………………..……………………14

Table 2.2 Crossover cable arrangement……………………………………………………….…15

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

1.1 Background of the Organization

AMIT ICT CENTER Page 1

Operational areas include:

1.2 Mission of the Organization

1.3 Vision of the Organization

The vision of AMU-ICT is to provide:-

1.4 Core values

AMIT ICT CENTER Page 2

1.6 Main customers and end user of AMIT ICT

AMIT ICT CENTER Page 3

AMIT ICT CENTER Page 4

Figure 3.1 Overall organization structure and workflow of AMU-ICTC

AMIT ICT CENTER Page 5