Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118

Laboratory Activity 4

Thevenin’s Theorem and Maximum Power Transfer

Submitted by:

Magboo, Francis Carl G.

Organo, Joseph Ver Remar B.

Panganiban, Nathaniel Olin A.

EE-2102A

Submitted to:

Delen, Margielou T.

Instructor I

November 05, 2021

 Laboratory Activity 4

Thevenin’s Theorem and Maximum Power Transfer

I. OBJECTIVES

1. To construct Thevenin’s equivalent circuit using Multisim.

2. To determine the maximum power transfer condition experimentally.

II. MATERIALS

• Two dc power sources

• One multimeter

• Assorted carbon resistors

• One variable resistor

III. DISCUSSION

Solving and analyzing electrical circuits are not always as simple as a piece of cake.
The more the circuit gets complex, the harder it is to apply the other circuit analysis that
was already introduced, and when other circuit analysis gets complicated to use, then the
more simplified theorems make its entrance.

Leon Charles Thevenin, a French telegraph engineer who worked on Ohm's law
and extended it into the analysis of complicated electrical networks. He is still remembered
in the present time almost completely for his one piece of work which was now called as
the “Thevenin’s Theorem”. His theorem was published in 1883 and it was based on his
study of Kirchhoff's Laws. According to Electronics Tutorials, Thevenin’s Theorem is an
analytical method that is used to change a complex circuit into a simple equivalent circuit
consisting of a single voltage source (VTh), connected in series to a single resistance (RTh)
and a load resistance (RL). Furthermore, it states that “any linear circuit containing several
voltages and resistances can be replaced by just one single voltage in series with a single
resistance connected across the load’’. It means that any complex electrical circuit can be
simplified into an equivalent two-terminal circuit with a single constant voltage source with
a resistance connected in series. Another theorem that is also used in solving complex
circuits is the Norton’s Theorem and just like the Thevenin’s Theorem, it aims to simplify
a complex circuit in order to solve it, however, the equivalent circuit of the Norton’s
Theorem consist of a single current source (IS), connected in parallel to a single resistor
(RS) and a load resistance (RL).

Figure 1. Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit

In line with the two theorems that was mentioned, there is another theorem that is
said to be an aid to a system design and that theorem is called the Maximum Power
Theorem. It states that a maximum power will be transferred to the load resistance when
the load resistance is equal to the Thevenin/Norton’s equivalent resistance and if the load
resistance is lower or higher than the Thevenin/Norton resistance of the source network,
its dissipated power will be less than the maximum.

To further understand the Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum power transfer

theorem and the process on how it works, let’s move on into the experiment of solving the
circuit.
IV. PROCEDURE

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 2. Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent

SIMULATION:

1. Construct the circuit given in figure 2 on Multisim.

2. Remove the load resistor RL and connect a multimeter (or voltmeter) to read the open
circuit

voltage between A and B. Simulate and record the voltage. This is Eth for this circuit
between A and B.

3. Remove the 10 V source. Replace it by a short circuit.

4. Remove the 5 V source. Replace it by a short circuit.

5. Connect a multimeter in the resistance measurement mode (ohmmeter) between A and

B. Run the simulation and record the value of the resistor. This is Rth in figure 1.
V. DATA AND RESULTS, COMPUTATION, DRAWINGS AND TABLES

MULTISIM ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH

Construct the circuit given in figure 2 on Multisim.

Figure 3. Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software

The figure 3 above illustrates the circuits which consists of different resistors
powered by two independent DC supply of 10V and 5V. Having also 4 resistors that have
a value of 10kΩ, 1kΩ, 33kΩ, and 47kΩ. Also, includes a variable resistor RL.

For the value of Rth for this circuit between A and B.

Figure 4. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software

measuring Rth.
 The figure 4 above illustrates the circuits which consists of different resistors
powered by a two independent DC supply of 10V and 5V. The value of Rth being recorded
is 6.709kΩ.

For the value of Eth for this circuit between A and B.

Figure 5. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software

measuring Eth.

The figure 5 above illustrates the circuits which consists of different resistors
powered by a two independent DC supply of 10V and 5V. The value of Eth being recorded
is 7.676V.

Vary RL between 2.5 kΩ to 10.5 kΩ in steps of 1 kΩ. Measure the voltage between
A and B (VL) in each case. Enter your results in Table 2

Figure 6. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software

measuring VL for 2.5kΩ.
 The figure 6 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a
variable resistor measured at 2.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 2.084V.

2.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 12.5%
20𝑘Ω

Figure 7. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software

measuring VL for 3.5kΩ.

The figure 7 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a
variable resistor measured at 3.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 2.631V.

3.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 17.5%
20𝑘Ω

Figure 8. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software

measuring VL for 4.5kΩ.

The figure 8 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a
variable resistor measured at 4.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 3.082V.

4.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 22.5%
20𝑘Ω
 Figure 9. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software
measuring VL for 5.5kΩ.

The figure 9 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a
variable resistor measured at 5.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 3.458V.

5.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 27.5%
20𝑘Ω

Figure 10. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software
measuring VL for 6.5kΩ.

The figure 10 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a variable
resistor measured at 6.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 3.777V.

6.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 32.5%
20𝑘Ω
 Figure 11. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software
measuring VL for 7.5kΩ.

The figure 11 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a variable
resistor measured at 7.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 4.052V.

7.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 37.5%
20𝑘Ω

Figure 12. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software
measuring VL for 8.5kΩ.

The figure 12 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a variable
resistor measured at 8.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 4.290V.

8.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 42.5%
20𝑘Ω
 Figure 13. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software
measuring VL for 9.5kΩ.

The figure 13 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a
variable resistor measured at 9.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 4.499V.

9.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 47.5%
20𝑘Ω

Figure 14. Simulation Circuit for Thevenin’s Equivalent using Multisim Software
measuring VL for 10.5kΩ.

The figure 14 above illustrates the circuits which is the same as figure 2 with a
variable resistor measured at 10.5kΩ. The value of VL being recorded is 4.683V.

10.5𝑘Ω
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥100% = 52.5%
20𝑘Ω
COMPUTATION

ETH (V) RTH (kΩ)

Workbench 7.676 6.709
Computed 7.676 6.709
% Error 0% 0%
Table 1: Simulation and experimental results for Thevenin Voltage and
Resistance

All the value that listed in table 1, which row Workbench is gathered from the results of
Multisim based on the figures 4-5, while the computed is the value gathered from
computation below. Percentage error is also computed after the computation of the row
Computed.

For the value of Vth.

Figure 15. Illustration of the Circuit that will be used in Nodal Analysis

Figure 15 shows the flow of current and the nodal voltages that will be used in
Nodal Analysis. Since, there is no load surrounding node B the voltage is 0.

KCL @ NODE A:

𝐼1 = 𝐼2
𝑉𝑆 − 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐶
=
𝑅1 𝑅2
10 − 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐶
=
10,000 1,000
10 − 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐶
10,000 ( )=( ) 10,000
10,000 1,000
10 − 𝑉𝐴 = 10𝑉𝐴 − 10𝑉𝐶
10 = 10𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐴 − 10𝑉𝐶
11𝑉𝐴 − 10𝑉𝐶 = 10 → 𝐸𝑄. 1

KCL @ NODE C:

𝐼2 = 𝐼3 + 𝐼4
𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐶 𝑉𝐶 𝑉𝑐 − 5
= +
𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4
𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐶 𝑉𝐶 𝑉𝑐 − 5
= +
1,000 47,000 33,000
𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐶 𝑉𝐶 𝑉𝑐 − 5
(47,000)(33,000) ( )=( + ) (47,000)(33,000)
1,000 47,000 33,000
1,551,000(𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐶 ) = 33,000𝑉𝐶 + 47,000𝑉𝐶 − 235,000
1,551,000𝑉𝐴 − 1,551,000𝑉𝐶 = 80,000𝑉𝐶 − 235,000
1,551,000𝑉𝐴 − 1,631,000𝑉𝐶 = −235,000
1000
1,551𝑉𝐴 − 1,631𝑉𝐶 = −235 → 𝐸𝑄. 2

Equate EQ. 1 and EQ. 2:

163.1(11𝑉𝐴 − 10𝑉𝐶 ) = (10)163.1

1,551𝑉𝐴 − 1,631𝑉𝐶 = −235

1794.1𝑉𝐴 − 1631𝑉𝐶 = 1631

−(1,551𝑉𝐴 − 1,631𝑉𝐶 = −235)

243.1𝑉𝐴 =1866
→ 𝑉𝐴 = 7.676𝑉
243.1
𝑉𝐵 = 0𝑉
𝑉𝑡ℎ = 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐵
𝑉𝑡ℎ = 7.676𝑉 − 0𝑉
𝑽𝒕𝒉 = 𝟕. 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝑽

For the value of Rth.

Figure 16. Simplication of Resistors for the Value of Rth.

Figure 16 illustrates the first simplication which will start in the parallel connection
of R3 and R4. It will procure a value of 19387.5Ω. Refer to the computation below.

1 1
𝑅3,4 = = = 19387.5Ω
1 1 1 1
+ +
𝑅3 𝑅4 47,000Ω 33,000Ω
 Figure 17. Next Simplication of Resistors for the Value of Rth.

Figure 17 illustrates the next simplication which is the series connection of R2 and R3. It
will procure a value of 20,387.5Ω. Refer to the computation below.

𝑅2,3,4 = 𝑅2 + 𝑅3,4 = 1,000Ω + 19387.5Ω = 20,387.5Ω

Figure 18. Next Simplication of Resistors for the Value of Rth.

Figure 18 illustrates the last simplication which is the parallel connection of R1 and
R2,3,4. That combination of two resistors will result to the Thevenin’s resistance with a
value of 20,387.5Ω. Refer to the computation below.

1 1
𝑅𝑡ℎ = = = 𝟔, 𝟕𝟎𝟗. 𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟏𝛀 𝐎𝐑 𝟔. 𝟕𝟎𝟗𝐤𝛀
1 1 1 1
𝑅1 + 𝑅2,3,4 10,000Ω + 20,387.5Ω
 RL 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5
(kΩ)
VL 2.084 2.631 3.082 3.458 3.777 4.052 4.290 4.499 4.683
(V)
PL 1.737 1.979 2.110 2.174 2.195 2.189 2.165 2.130 2.089
(mW)
Table 2: Experimental results for maximum power transfer

This table is composed of the values of VL that has been collected from the results
of the Multisim simulation as we refer to the figure 10 – 18. The values of PL have been
also listed on the table which is collected from the values computed below.

Figure 19. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 2.5kΩ

Figure 20. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 3.5kΩ
Figure 21. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 4.5kΩ

Figure 20. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 5.5kΩ

Figure 21. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 6.5kΩ
Figure 21. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 7.5kΩ

Figure 22. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 8.5kΩ

Figure 23. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 9.5kΩ
 Figure 24. Illustration for the maximum output condition for 10.5kΩ

COMPUTATIONS:

𝐸𝑇𝐻
𝑃𝐿 = ( )2 𝑅𝐿
𝑅𝑇𝐻 + 𝑅𝐿

PL @ 2.5 kΩ PL @ 3.5 kΩ
2 2
7.676𝑉 7.676𝑉
𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 2.5kΩ 𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 3.5kΩ
6.709kΩ + 2.5kΩ 6.709kΩ + 3.5kΩ
𝑷𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟕𝒎𝑾 𝑷𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟕𝟗𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟏. 𝟗𝟕𝟗𝒎𝑾

PL @ 4.5 kΩ PL @ 5.5 kΩ
2 2
7.676𝑉 7.676𝑉
𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 4.5kΩ 𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 5.5kΩ
6.709kΩ + 4.5kΩ 6.709kΩ + 5.5kΩ
𝑷𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝒎𝑾 𝑷𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝒎𝑾

PL @ 6.5 kΩ PL @ 7.5 kΩ
2 2
7.676𝑉 7.676𝑉
𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 6.5kΩ 𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 7.5kΩ
6.709kΩ + 6.5kΩ 6.709kΩ + 7.5kΩ
𝑷𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝒎𝑾 𝑷𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝒎𝑾

PL @ 8.5 kΩ PL @ 9.5 kΩ
2 2
7.676𝑉 7.676𝑉
𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 8.5kΩ 𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 9.5kΩ
6.709kΩ + 8.5kΩ 6.709kΩ + 9.5kΩ
𝑷𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝒎𝑾 𝑷𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒎𝑾
PL @ 10.5 kΩ
2
7.676𝑉
𝑃𝐿 = ( ) 10.5kΩ
6.709kΩ + 10.5kΩ
𝑷𝑳 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟗𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐖 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟗𝒎𝑾

PERCENTAGE ERROR OF ETH

|𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒|

%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∙ 100%
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
|7.677 𝑉 − 7.677 𝑉|
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∙ 100
7.677 𝑉
%𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = 𝟎%

PERCENTAGE ERROR OF RTH

|𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒|

%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∙ 100%
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
|6.709 𝑘Ω − 6.709 𝑘Ω|
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∙ 100
6.709 𝑘Ω
%𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = 𝟎%
VI. QUESTION AND ANALYSIS

QUESTION

At what value of RL the maximum value of PL occurs in the graph?

Figure 25. The line graph of the relationship of the maximum power and the value of RL

Based in the graph of RL and PL, the values of PL starting at 2.5 kΩ were kept
increasing, and at 6.5 kΩ, the values of PL started to decrease up to 10.5 kΩ. In line with
this, based from the computation for the maximum transferred power, the obtained value
of PL is 2.195 mW, and it is the value of PL at 6.5 kΩ as shown in Table 2. Therefore, the
value of RL where PL reached its maximum value is at 6.5 kΩ.

2. How does this value of RL compare with Rth you obtained computation or through
Multisim?

Among the other values of the load resistance RL, 6.5 kΩ is the value of RL that is
almost equal or closest to the value of the Thevenin’s equivalent resistance Rth which is
6.709 kΩ obtained through manual computation and that’s also why at 6.5 kΩ is where the
maximum power transfer, occur. Given that, the discrepancy between the two is 0.209 kΩ.
3. If not, how much is the error in either case (take Multisim result as the base)?

|𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒|

%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∙ 100%
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
|6.5 𝑘Ω − 6.709 𝑘Ω|
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∙ 100
6.709 𝑘Ω
%𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟏𝟓%

To properly compare the resistance of the maximum power to the Thevenin’s

resistance, we get the percentage error of 3.115% with the Rth being the based value.

4. Draw the Norton’s equivalent circuit of figure 1.

Figure 26. The Illustrations of Thevenin’s to Norton’s Equivalent Circuit

Figure 26 consists of two illustrations, Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit on the left

and Norton’s Equivalent Circuit in the right. We got the Norton’s Current IN = 1.144mA
by computing the current of Eth and Rth. Refer to computation below.

𝐸𝑡ℎ 7.676𝑉
𝐼𝑁 = = = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑨 𝒐𝒓 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝒎𝑨
𝑅𝑡ℎ 6709Ω

5. Suppose you did not know the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit, what procedure
would you follow in the laboratory to get the Norton’s equivalent?

Suppose I/we didn’t know about the concept of the Thevenin’s Theorem, the other
procedure that could be followed in the laboratory in order to get the Norton’s equivalent
is possibly the concept of the Source Transformation where it aim to transform a voltage
source in series with a resistor into a current source that is parallel with the resistor or vice
versa.

ANALYSIS

To construct Thevenin’s equivalent circuit using Multisim.

Figure 27. Illustration of the Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit

In order to create the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit in the Multisim software, the
original circuit must be first created. After that, the load resistance in the circuit will be
removed and a multimeter will place in its position. The purpose of placing a multimeter
in the position of the load resistance is to get the value of the Thevenin’s equivalent voltage
or VTh and Thevenin’s equivalent resistance or RTh. Then to get the Thevenin’s equivalent
voltage or VTh, the multimeter must be set in the voltage setting before running the
simulation in order for the multimeter to measure the voltage. On the other hand, to get the
Thevenin’s equivalent resistance or RTh, set the multimeter into the resistance setting but
before running the simulation, all the voltage source connected in the circuit must be
short/closed circuited and all the current source connected in the circuit must be open
circuited to get the right Thevenin’s equivalent circuit. And after getting the values of the
VTh and RTh, it will be placed in a circuit together with the load resistance that is connected
in series and that circuit will be the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit.

To determine the maximum power transfer condition experimentally.

(𝐸𝑇ℎ )2
Using the formula 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = for the maximum power transfer, the obtained
4𝑅𝑇ℎ

value for maximum power transfer experimentally is 2.195 mW, and based from Table 2
and, it is the value of the power of 6.5 kΩ load resistance that was obtained through
Multisim simulation.
VII. CONCLUSION

Solving complex circuits were made easy and possible to solve with the use of
different theorems and one of those theorems is the Thevenin’s Theorem where a complex
circuit can be reduced into a simple circuit consisting of a single voltage source, single
resistance, and single load resistance. Moreover, the reduced equivalent circuit enables
rapid calculations of the voltage, current, and power, and it also helps to choose the optimal
value of the load resistance for the maximum power transfer, where in Thevenin’s
equivalent circuit, the maximum power is transferred to the load resistance, RL, when RL
is equal to the Thevenin’s equivalent resistance Rth.

On the other hand, another way of solving a complex circuit is Norton’s Theorem
and just like the Thevenin’s theorem, it aims to simplify the circuit into a linear circuit to
be able to solve easily however, the difference between the Norton’s and Thevenin’s
theorem is that the equivalent circuit of the Norton’s theorem is composed of a single
current source that is parallel with a single resistance and load resistance.
VIII. DOCUMENTATION

Organo, Joseph Ver Remar B. – Encoding all the data collected from Multisim Software

Magboo, Francis Carl G. – Plotting the assign circuit design in Multisim Software
Panganiban, Nathaniel Olin A. – Trying to solve the computation for Thevenin’s
Equivalent