OFFICE OF THE COLLEGE ADMINISTRATOR

CHAPTER 5: Accommodation
Learning Objectives:
Studying the concept of accommodation will help the students to:
1. To gain knowledge on the different types of accommodations.
2. To be familiarize with the organizational structure of lodging industry.
3. To understand the different management methods.
4. To know how to compute and analyze the hotel profitability.

TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS
Accommodation can be classified into various types; the most popular of which are the
following:

• Hotels • Tourist inns

• Motels or Motor Hotels • Apartment Hotels (Apartel)
• Resort Hotels • Health Spas
• Pensions • Private Homes
• Paradors • Time-Sharing
• Campgrounds • Hostels
• Bed and Breakfast

ORGANIZATION OF LODGING INDUSTRY

A hotel organization can be complex and large. A traditional hotel has seven major
divisions, namely: staff, engineering and repair, accounting, security, food and beverage,
marketing and sales, and room division. Each division shall be managed by its own head
of the division.
1. The Department of Personnel hires potential staff and administers business
practices and workplace compensation.

The following are the objectives of the human resource department

• Task Analysis and Job Analysis
• Work Summary
• Productivity standards
• Orientation
Specific information includes:
– Policies, procedures, and rules of an organization;
– Wages, working hours, holidays, maternity days, timesheets,
benefits, keys and more;
– The organization's mission and objectives; and
– A summary of the place of employment to find out departments and
services that all workers will be acquainted with.
• Training
• Career growth

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2. The engineering and Maintenance team completes the required repairs and
introduces the energy efficiency system of the hotel.

The department is liable for a hotel's physical amenities. The role is to maintain
the facility in top health, guest loyalty, and productivity conditions. This
department's tasks include preventive maintenance, repairs, deep cleaning, land
keeping, capital improvements, resource management, and preparedness for
emergencies.

3. The accounting division oversees the operation's financial activities which

include bill paying, mailing out accounts, payroll, and preparing monthly income
statements.

It's responsible for producing a financial reports of a hotel's routine room

department purchases. Using a Property Management System it is registered in
the front office section. It deals with the creation and maintenance of guest ledgers
for both registered and unregistered guests.
• Guest Ledgers
• City Ledgers

4. The Safety Department offers security to employees as well as visitors. This

department is responsible for installing security alarm systems and enforcing
policies to secure visitors and employees ' personal belongings, and the hotel itself.

5. The Food and Beverage Department is responsible for supplying food and
drinks. It's managed by the Food and Beverage Director. S/he reports to the GM
and is accountable for the successful and productive functioning of the divisions in
question.
• Kitchen – The manufacture of food and beverages in a hotel is chargeable.
• Hotel Restaurants – The bulk of the lodging facilities run food and
beverage outlets available to authorized visitors and the general public.
• Bars – These encourage guests to relax after a hectic day while sipping a
cocktail. They are important sources of income for the food and drink sector.

6. It is the responsibility of the marketing and distribution group to offer rooms and
food service. It invests in advertisements, the production of sales materials, and
direct communication with prospective customers.
• Advertising
• Personal selling
• Sales promotions
• Websites / social networking platforms
• Public relations applies to all programs and actions directed at achieving
one of the following:
– Develop or improve an organization's identity or reputation;
– Promoting the identity of an organization;

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– Develop the relationships between a company and its staff,

clients, vendors, stockholders, or any other individuals or groups
that the company feels are essential.

7. The room division is responsible for the front desk, telephone department,
reservations, and housekeeping.
• Front Office
• Reservations
• Guest Services / Uniformed Services
• Telephone Exchange / Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
• Housekeeping

MANAGEMENT METHODS

Franchising
• Franchised hotels are usually managed and run by the same individual or
corporation. The hotel operator or franchisee enters a deal with the franchisor to
retain some quality of service and use the hotel or motel franchise name.
• The franchisee earns incentives such as additional sales related to the regional or
foreign advertising of the franchisor, the usage of the administrative and
accounting network of the franchisor, and a section in the reservation structure of
the franchise chain. The franchisee will pay a fee in return for those benefits plus
a percentage of annual room sales or a specified number of dollars for each room
sold.
• Contracts about hotel operations are a new trend. While the Foreign Hotels signed
the first management contract in 1946, management contracts only became
common in the 1970s.

Management Contracts
• The hotel services firm has a little direct stake in the property and construction of
the hotel, under a management arrangement. The proprietor owns the house but
has little interest in maintaining it. The maintenance firm pays a nominal monthly
lease charge in exchange for managing the property for the owner, plus a bonus,
which is dependent on the gross income and/or net profit of the hotel which can
also be partially focused on the overall revenue.
• Under a management contract, the investment rent is transferred to the property
owner from the operator. The management arrangement often helps hotel-
operating companies to increase their investor base by growing the amount of
managed spaces, thereby growing their income. Developers with little hotel
management expertise typically create big hotels and instead hand them over to
hotel management firms to operate them. It was the management contract that
enabled hotel companies like Hilton International to quickly grow around the world.
The growth was attributed to his desire to attract competent teams in
administration.

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 OFFICE OF THE COLLEGE ADMINISTRATOR

ACCOMMODATION RESERVATION
Many major hotels have reservation systems which are computerized. However, with
these schemes, there is always overbooking. Overbooking offers more rooms than the
rooms which are currently accessible. Hotels are doing so for a cause. When hotels book
up to full, they will frequently wind up with vacant rooms owing to "no-shows" or customers
who don't think they want to cancel their reservations. Hotels realize from practice that
there is a proportion of no-shows that can be balanced by overbooking.

Registration Cards

Hospitality establishments use the identification card as a publicity device. A guest

identification card contains guest details such as its name, address, regional origin, and
other data. This knowledge will be used to create a personalized mailing list and would
be used to deliver potential advertising content.

The details regarding the guest card registration may also be used to create a standard
client profile. The user profile will be addressed to various promotional channels in print
or television, and will also decide if the audience they represent matches that profile.
When it did, then the government may use the channel for its ads.

Hotels and Airlines

There is already a normal link between the airlines and hotels. This is due to the changing
nature of transportation, one of the first connections was Pan Am, which in the 1940s tied
up with the International Hotels.

There are three main explanations why airline firms link with hotels according to Lane
(1994). Such are:
1. Their ability to focus on maintaining company and improving potential market, thus
growing their profits;
2. Expecting hotel ownership to improve the growth of tourism in their home
countries; and
3. The desire to extend the culture of the world.
There are other airline hotel partnerships today, such as KLM Hilton International, Air
France and Meridian Hotels, Air Lingus (Ireland) and Dunfey Hotels, Japan Airlines and
Nikko Hotels, among others. The hotel-airline relations are not necessarily created by
ownership or merger. These may even be joint possession or a contract of employment.

Kabihasnan corner Coastal Road., Brgy. San Dionisio Parañaque City, 1700
Tel. No: (02) 962-6958 • E-mail: pccinfo.educ@yahoo.com