Bus impedance matrix

Question 2
Using the method of building
algorithm find the bus
impedance matrix for the
3
network shown.
4

3
1 2

1 2

First Step: Build a graph.

 Second Step: Draw a Tree and a Co-tree.
3 3

4
4
3
3
1 2 1 2

1 2
1 2

0 0
 Step by Step Algorithm
• First add all branches connected to reference node one element at a
time.
1

1 1 𝑗0.2
1
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠1 = 𝑍11

0
2 1 2
1

2 𝑍11 𝑍12 1 𝑗0.2 0

1
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠2 = 2 0 𝑗0.3
𝑍21 𝑍22
0
 Addition of element 4

1 2 3

𝑍11 𝑍12 𝑍13

𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠3 = 𝑍21 𝑍22 𝑍23
3 𝑍31 𝑍32 𝑍33
4
𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.2
1
2 𝑍33 = 𝑍11 + 𝑧13 0 𝑗0.3 0
1 2 = j0.2 + j0.15 𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.35

0
𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.2
0 𝑗0.3 0
𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.35
Addition of link 3
𝑍11 𝑍12 𝑍13 𝑍12 − 𝑍11
′′ 𝑍21 𝑍22 𝑍23 𝑍22 − 𝑍21
𝑍𝑏 𝑢 𝑠 =
𝑍31 𝑍32 𝑍33 𝑍32 − 𝑍31
3
𝑍21 − 𝑍11 𝑍22 −𝑍12 𝑍23 − 𝑍13 𝑍44

3
𝑍44 = 𝑧12 + 𝑍11 + 𝑍22 − 2𝑍12
=j0.5+j0.2+j0.3-2(j0) ∆𝑍∆𝑍 𝑇
4 =j1 ∆𝑍 𝑍44
3 2 𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.2 −𝑗0.2
1
0 𝑗0.3 0 𝑗0.3
1 2 𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.35 −𝑗0.2
−𝑗0.2 𝑗0.3 −𝑗0.2 𝑗1.0
0

∆𝑍 𝑇
 ∆𝑍
𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.2 −𝑗0.2
0 𝑗0.3 0 𝑗0.3
𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.35 −𝑗0.2
−𝑗0.2 𝑗0.3 −𝑗0.2 𝑗1.0 ∆𝑍∆𝑍 𝑇
𝑍44
∆𝑍 𝑇 −𝑗0.2
1
=𝑗 1. 𝑗0.3 −𝑗0.2 𝑗0.3 −𝑗0.2
0 −𝑗0.2
𝑗0.04 −𝑗0.06 𝑗0.04
−𝑗0.06 𝑗0.09 −𝑗0.06
𝑗0.04 −𝑗0.06 𝑗0.04
 ∆𝑍∆𝑍 𝑇
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠3 −
𝑍44

𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.2 𝑗0.04 −𝑗0.06 𝑗0.04

𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = 0 𝑗0.3 0 − −𝑗0.06 𝑗0.09 −𝑗0.06
𝑗0.2 0 𝑗0.35 𝑗0.04 −𝑗0.06 𝑗0.04

𝑗0.16 𝑗0.06 𝑗0.16

= 𝑗0.06 𝑗0.21 𝑗0.06
𝑗0.16 𝑗0.06 𝑗0.31
Bus impedance matrix
Removal of an element from the network
The bus impedance matrix of the network shown is found to be

𝑗0.183 𝑗0.078 𝑗0.141

𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑗0.078 𝑗0.148 𝑗0.106
𝑗0.141 𝑗0.106 𝑗0.267

The line between buses 1 and 3, 𝑧13 = j0.56 is removed by the

simultaneous opening of the circuit breakers at both the end of the
line. Determine the new bus impedance matrix.
The removal of an element is equivalent to connecting a link having an
impedance equal to negative value of the original impedance.
Therefore we add the link 𝑧13 = −j0.56

𝑍11 𝑍12 𝑍13 𝑍13 − 𝑍11

𝑍21 𝑍22 𝑍23 𝑍23 − 𝑍21
𝑍31 𝑍32 𝑍33 𝑍33 − 𝑍31
𝑍31 − 𝑍11 𝑍32 −𝑍12 𝑍33 − 𝑍13 𝑍44

𝑗0.183 𝑗0.078 𝑗0.141 −𝑗0.042

𝑗0.078 𝑗0.148 𝑗0.106 𝑗0.028
𝑗0.141 𝑗0.106 𝑗0.267 𝑗0.126
−𝑗0.042 𝑗0.028 𝑗0.126 𝑍44
 𝑍44 = 𝑧13 + 𝑍11 + 𝑍33 − 2𝑍13
= −𝑗0.56 + 𝑗0.183 + 𝑗0.267 − 2 𝑗0.141
= −𝑗0.392 ∆𝑍
𝑗0.183 𝑗0.078 𝑗0.141 −𝑗0.042
𝑗0.078 𝑗0.148 𝑗0.106 𝑗0.028
𝑗0.141 𝑗0.106 𝑗0.267 𝑗0.126

−𝑗0.042 𝑗0.028 𝑗0.126 −𝑗0.392

∆𝑍 𝑇
∆𝑍∆𝑍 𝑇
𝑍44
−𝑗0.042
1
= 𝑗0.028 −𝑗0.042 𝑗0.028 𝑗0.126
−𝑗0.392
𝑗0.126
−𝑗0.0045 𝑗0.0030 𝑗0.0135
= 𝑗0.0030 −𝑗0.0020 −𝑗0.009
𝑗0.0135 −𝑗0.009 −𝑗0.0405
 𝑗0.183 𝑗0.078 𝑗0.141 −𝑗0.0045 𝑗0.0030 𝑗0.0135
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑗0.078 𝑗0.148 𝑗0.106 − 𝑗0.0030 −𝑗0.0020 −𝑗0.009
𝑗0.141 𝑗0.106 𝑗0.267 𝑗0.0135 −𝑗0.009 −𝑗0.0405

𝑗0.1875 𝑗0.0750 𝑗0.1275

= 𝑗0.0750 𝑗0.1500 𝑗0.1150
𝑗0.1275 𝑗0.1150 𝑗0.3075
Build the Z bus by using Bus Building Algorithm and
Determine the fault current when a balance three
phase fault with fault impedance of 0.16 occurs at
Bus 3
Bus2
Bus1
By using bus impedance matrix
 5 5
4 3 4
3

7
4 7 6 4 6

3 3
2 2 1
1

2 1 2 1

0
0