FLUID MECHANICS

EVALUATION TUBE SIZING AND ENERGY LOSS

NAME: _Metzli Ariadna Galindo Romano_

DATE _April 17,2020__

Instructions: Read the problems carefully to give short but justified answers. The complete
procedure will be evaluated. Do NOT convert between unit systems. Use this same sheet of paper
to solve the problems if printed. The algorithms used to solve the problems should be sent as images
attached in the PDF file where the exam will be returned.

P1. An open concrete flume is to be constructed to carry water from a plant unit to a cooling lake
by gravity flow. The flume has a square cross section and is 1500 ft long. The elevation at the
upstream end is 10 ft higher than that of the lower end. If the flume is to be designed to carry 10,000
gpm of water when full, what should its size (or width) be? Assume rough cast concrete.
El movimiento uniforme puede darse en canales largos y rectos con pendiente y sección transversal
constante para este tipo de movimientos se utiliza comúnmente la fórmula de Chezy.
𝑓𝑡 1.486
𝑉0 ( ) ≈ [𝑅ℎ (𝑓𝑡)]3⁄2 𝑆0 1⁄2
𝑠 𝑛

Teniendo en cuenta que 𝑛 es un parámetro de rugosidad

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑎2 𝑎 10−0

4𝑅ℎ = 𝐷ℎ = 𝑃𝑒𝑟í𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑜
= 3𝑎 = 3 𝑆0 = 1500−0 = 0.0066

𝑔𝑎𝑙 0.134𝑓𝑡 3 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑄 = 10000 | || | = 22.26 𝑓𝑡 3 ⁄𝑠
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑔𝑎𝑙 60 𝑠
1.486
𝑄 =𝐴∙ [𝑅ℎ (𝑓𝑡)]3⁄2 𝑆0 1⁄2
𝑛
1.486 𝑎 3⁄2
22.26 𝑓𝑡 3 ⁄𝑠 = 𝑎 2 ( ) (0.0066)1⁄2
0.0080 3
3
1.486 × (0.0066)1⁄2 1 2
22.26 𝑓𝑡 3⁄
𝑠= × ( ) (𝑎)7⁄2
0.0080 3
22.26 𝑓𝑡 3 ⁄𝑠 = 2.90414(𝑎)7⁄2
22.26 𝑓𝑡 3 ⁄𝑠
= 𝑎 7⁄2
2.90414
7.664919 = 𝑎 7⁄2
𝑎 = 1.7894 𝑓𝑡
P2. An open tank contains 5 ft of water. The tank drains through a piping system containing ten 908
elbows, ten branched tees, six gate valves, and 40 ft of horizontal sch 40 pipe. The top surface of
the water and the pipe discharge are both at atmospheric pressure. An entrance loss factor of 1.5
accounts for the tank-to-pipe friction loss and kinetic energy change. Calculate the flow rate (in gpm)
and Reynolds number for a fluid with a viscosity of 10 cp draining through sch 40 pipe with nominal
diameters of 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 in., including all of the above fittings, using
(a) constant Kf values, (b) (L/D) eq values, which are given below:
Fitting Constant 𝑲𝒇 (𝑳⁄𝑫)
𝒆𝒒
90° elbow 0.75 30
Branch tee 1.0 60
Gate valve 0.17 8

Utilizo Bernoulli pues entiendo que la presión en el punto 1 y 2 están abiertas a la atmosfera por lo
que serán iguales y el tanque en el punto 1 tiene velocidad despreciable

𝑝1 𝑉1 2 𝑝2 𝑉2 2
+ 𝑧1 + + ℎ𝐴 − ℎ𝑅 − ℎ𝐿 = + 𝑧2 +
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
Se simplifica para obtener la velocidad para la red de tuberías

𝑉2 2
= ∆𝑧 + ℎ𝐿 + ∑ ℎ𝑚
2𝑔

𝑉2 2
= ∆𝑧 + ∆ℎ 𝑇
2𝑔

𝑉2 = √2𝑔(∆𝑧 + ∆ℎ 𝑇 )

El problema enuncia el empleo de diferentes accesorios debido a esto entiendo que habrá perdidas
de carga que afectaran a la perdida de carga total

∆ℎ 𝑇 = ℎ𝐿 + ∑ ℎ𝑚

𝑉1 2 𝑉2 2 𝑉3 2 𝑉𝑛 2
∆ℎ 𝑇 = ℎ𝐿 + 𝑘 +𝑘 +𝑘 …𝑘
2𝑔 2𝑔 2𝑔 2𝑔
De la ecuación de Darcy se obtiene la velocidad de los accesorios pues esta depende del diámetro

2𝑔𝐷∆ℎ𝑚
𝑉𝑛 = √
𝐿𝑓

El factor de fricción se obtiene de la ecuación de Colebrook

1 ∈⁄ 𝐷 2.51
= −2 log ( + )
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓