Perancangan Menara Distilasi Tray

Pemisahan Akrilonitril dengan Air

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Kondisi Operasi
 𝐵
𝐴− 𝐶+𝑇
𝑃𝑜 = 𝑒
Σ
Σ
Σ
Penentuan Relatif Volatilitas Rata-Rata (αavg)
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = αtop × αbottom

𝐾𝐿𝐾
𝛼𝑡𝑜𝑝 =
𝐾𝐻𝐾 𝐷
𝐾𝐿𝐾
𝛼𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 =
𝐾𝐻𝐾 𝐵
α

α α α
Pengecekan Pemilihan Komponen Kunci

𝑥𝑗,𝐷 × 𝐷 𝛼𝑗 − 1 × 𝑥𝐿𝐾,𝐷 × 𝐷 𝛼𝐿𝐾 − 1 × 𝑥𝐻𝐾,𝐷 × 𝐷

= +
𝑥𝑗,𝐹 × 𝐹 𝛼𝐿𝐾 − 1 × 𝑥𝐿𝐾,𝐹 × 𝐹 𝛼𝐿𝐾 − 1 × 𝑥𝐻𝐾,𝐹 × 𝐹

𝑋𝑖,𝐷 . 𝐷
𝑋𝑖,𝐷 . 𝐷 𝑋𝑖,𝐷 . 𝐷 𝑋𝑖,𝐹 . 𝐹
< −0,01 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 < 1,01
𝑋𝑖,𝐹 . 𝐹 𝑋𝑖,𝐹 . 𝐹

𝑋𝑖,𝐷 . 𝐷
−0,01 ≤ ≤ 1,01
𝑋𝑖,𝐹 . 𝐹
Penentuan Jumlah Plat Minimum
𝑥𝐿𝐾 𝑥𝐻𝐾
𝐿𝑜𝑔 .
𝑥𝐻𝐾 𝐷 𝑥𝐿𝐾 𝐵
𝑁𝑚 =
𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑔,𝐿𝐾
0,9711 0,9966
𝐿𝑜𝑔 .
0,0289 0,0034
𝑁𝑚 =
𝐿𝑜𝑔 16,4299
𝑁𝑚 = 3,285 Plate ≈ 3 Plate

α
Penentuan Reflux Minimum (Rm)
𝛼𝑖.𝑋𝑖.𝑓
෍ =1−𝑞 =1−1= 0
𝛼𝑖 − 𝜃
𝛼𝑖.𝑋
𝑖.𝑓
θ σ
𝛼𝑖 −𝜃
θ

θ
α α
θ θ θ

θ
θ
Penentuan Reflux Minimum (Rm)
𝛼𝑖, . 𝑋𝑖,𝐷
α α
𝛼𝑖, − 𝜃

𝛼𝑖.𝑋𝑖.𝐷
෍ = 𝑅𝑚 + 1
𝛼𝑖 − 𝜃
1,2125 = 𝑅𝑚 + 1
𝑅𝑚 = 0,2125
Penentuan Plate dan Plate Minimum Teoritis
𝑅𝑜𝑝 0,2869
= = 0,2229
𝑅𝑜𝑝 + 1 0,2869 + 1
𝑅𝑚 0,2125
= = 0,1753
𝑅𝑚 + 1 0,2125 + 1

𝑁𝑚
= 0,38
𝑁
3,285
= 0,38
𝑁
𝑁 = 8,6447 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑁 = 9 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑘 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟)
𝑁 = 8 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑘 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟)
Penentuan Efisiensi Plate
α

𝐵
log =A+ + 𝐶𝑇 + 𝐷𝑇 2
𝑇

×
Penentuan Efisiensi Plate

σ 𝑥𝑗,𝐷
𝜇𝑎𝑣𝑔,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 𝑥𝑗,𝐷 = 0,3230 𝑐𝑝
σ
𝜇

σ 𝑥𝑗,𝐵
𝜇𝑎𝑣𝑔,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 𝑥 = 0,2481 𝑐𝑝
σ 𝑗,𝐵
𝜇
Penentuan Efisiensi Plate
𝜇𝑎𝑣𝑔 = μ𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑥 μ𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0,2831 𝑐𝑝
α
α

𝑁𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑠
= 𝐸𝑜
𝑁𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
8
= 0,58
𝑁𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
Penentuan Letak Plat Umpan
2
𝑁𝑟 𝐵 𝑋𝐻𝐾,𝐹 𝑋𝐿𝐾,𝐵
log = 0,206. log .
𝑁𝑠 𝐷 𝑋𝐿𝐾,𝐹 𝑋𝐻𝐾,𝐷
2
𝑁𝑟 110,3773 0,2532 0,0034
log = 0,206. log .
𝑁𝑠 38,4696 0,7468 0,0289
𝑁𝑟
= 0,4117
𝑁𝑠
𝑁𝑟 = 0,4117𝑁𝑠
Spesifikasi Menara Distilasi
Penentuan Sifat Fisika
ρ ρ

σ 𝑦𝐷 3
ρ𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑦𝐷 = 654,3903 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚
σ
ρ𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
ρ
ρ ρ

σ 𝑦𝐷 3
ρ𝑢𝑎𝑝 = 𝑦𝐷 = 3,0012 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚
σ
ρ𝑢𝑎𝑝
Penentuan Sifat Fisika
ρ ρ

σ 𝑦𝐵 3
ρ𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑦𝐵 = 851,9891 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚
σ
ρ𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
ρ
ρ ρ

σ 𝑦𝐵 3
ρ𝑢𝑎𝑝 = 𝑦𝐵 = 0,8583 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚
σ
ρ𝑢𝑎𝑝
Penentuan Tegangan Permukaan
4
𝑃𝑐ℎ 𝜌𝑙 − 𝜌𝑢𝑎𝑝
𝜎= × 10−12
𝑉𝑤

𝜎 𝜎

𝜎
Penentuan Tegangan Permukaan
𝜎 𝜎

𝜎
Laju Alir Massa
Liquid-Vapor Flow Factor (FLV)
𝐿𝑤 𝜌𝑣
𝐹𝐿𝑉 =
𝑉𝑤 𝜌𝑙

3,0012
𝐹𝐿𝑉,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0,2229 = 0,0151
654,3903

0,8583
𝐹𝐿𝑉,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0,7771 = 0,0247
851,9891

0,2
1,2563 × 10−4
𝐾′1 = 0,06 × = 0,0218 𝑁Τ𝑚
0,02
0,2
4,2993 × 10−3
𝐾′2 = 0,065 × = 0,0478 𝑁Τ𝑚
0,02
Penentuan Kecepatan Flooding (Uf)
𝜌𝑙 − 𝜌𝑣
𝑈𝑓 = 𝐾′1
𝜌𝑣

654,3903 − 3,0012
𝑈𝑓,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0,0218 × = 0,3212 𝑚/𝑠
3,0012

851,9891 − 0,8583
𝑈𝑓,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0,0478 × = 1,5097 𝑚/𝑠
0,8583
Laju Alir Volumetrik Maksimum Luas Area Netto Kontak Uap-Cair

𝑉𝑤 𝑄𝑣
𝑄𝑣 = 𝐴𝑛 =
𝜌𝑣 𝑢𝑣

0,2382
𝐴𝑛,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = = 0,9268 𝑚2
0,2570
2573,5 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑄𝑣,𝑡𝑜𝑝 =
3,0012 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚3
𝑄𝑣,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 857,4903 𝑚3 Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚 = 0,2382 𝑚3 Τ𝑠
0,8330
𝐴𝑛,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = = 0,6555 𝑚2
1,2708

2573,5 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑄𝑣,𝑡𝑜𝑝 =
0,8583 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚3
𝑄𝑣,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 2998,7184 𝑚3 Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚 = 0,8330 𝑚3 Τ𝑠
Luas Penampang Lintang Menara Diameter Menara Berdasarkan Uf
𝐴𝑛 4𝐴𝑐
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝑐 =
1 − 𝐴𝑑 𝜋

4 (1,0532)
𝐷𝑐,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = = 1,1583 𝑚
0,9268 3,14
𝐴𝐶,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = = 1,0532 𝑚2
1 − 0,12

0,6555 4 (0,7449)
𝐴𝐶,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = = 0,7449 𝑚2 𝐷𝑐,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = = 0,9741 𝑚
1 − 0,12 3,14

.
Penentuan Jenis Aliran (Flow Pattern)
𝐿𝑤
𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝜌𝑤

573,80 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3
= 0,8768 𝑚3 Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚 = 0,00024 𝑚3 Τ𝑠
654,3903 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚

4.573,80 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3
= 5,3684 𝑚3 Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚 = 0,0015 𝑚3 Τ𝑠
851,9891 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚
Penentuan Plate Design
Penentuan Plate Design
Pemeriksaan Weeping

ρ
Pemeriksaan Weeping
2
𝐿𝑤 3
ℎ𝑜𝑤 = 750
𝜌𝐿 𝑥𝐼𝑤

2
0,1594 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑠 3
ℎ𝑜𝑤,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 750 = 3,1839 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
654,3903 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚3 × 0,8803 𝑚

2
0,1275 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑠 3
ℎ𝑜𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 750 = 2,7435 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
654,3903 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚3 × 0,8803 𝑚
Pemeriksaan Weeping

𝐾2 − 0,90 25,4 − 𝑑ℎ
1
𝑈ℎƼ =
𝜌𝑣 2

3,01 − 0,90 25,4 − 5

1 = 6,771 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑈ℎƼ =
3,0012 2

𝑄𝑣 × 0,8 0,2382 × 0,8

𝑈𝑎𝑚 = =
𝐴ℎ 0,0800
= 2,3820 𝑚Τ𝑠
Penentuan Pressure Drop Plate

𝑄𝑣 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑈ℎƼ ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴ℎ
0,2382 𝑚3 Τ𝑠
= 0,0800 𝑚 2
= 2,9775 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑈ℎƼ ,𝑚𝑎𝑥

Tebal plate
= 0,6
diameter hole
Aℎ
= 0,1 × 100 = 10
𝐴𝑎
Penentuan Pressure Drop Plate
Uℎ 2 ρ 𝑣
ℎ𝑑 = 51 𝐶𝑜 ρ𝐿
2
2,9775 𝑚Τ𝑠 3,0012
ℎ𝑑 = 51 = 3,7868 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
0,74 654,3903

12,5 × 103
ℎ𝑟 =
ρ𝐿
12,5 × 103
ℎ𝑟 = = 19,1018 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
654,3903
Penentuan Pressure Drop Plate
ρ
Pengecekan Kelayakan Tray Design

L𝑤
ℎ𝑑𝑐 = 166 ρ𝐿 𝑥 𝐴𝑎𝑝

ℎ𝑏 = ℎ𝑤 + ℎ𝑜𝑤 + ℎ𝑡 + ℎ𝑑𝑐

0,1594
ℎ𝑑𝑐 = 166 = 0,006281 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
654,3903×0,0396
ℎ𝑏 = 52,7435 + 75,6321 + 0,006281 = 128,38 𝑚𝑚 = 0,1283 𝑚
Pengecekan Kelayakan Tray Design

1,2705
ℎ𝑑𝑐 = 166 = 0,2354 𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
851,9891×0,0396
ℎ𝑏 = 52,7435 + 75,6321 + 0,2354 = 128,611 𝑚𝑚 = 0,1286 𝑚
Pengecekan Residence Time

A𝑑 𝑥 H𝑏 𝑥 ρ𝐿
𝑡𝑟 =
𝐿𝑤

0,1264 × 0,1284 × 654,3903

𝑡𝑟 = = 66,6286 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘
0,1594

0,1264 × 0,1286 × 851,9891

𝑡𝑟 = = 10,9005 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘
1,2705
Pengecekan Entraintment
𝑈𝑣
%𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = × 100%
𝑈𝑓

0,7149
𝑈𝑣 = = 0,2262
3,0012 × 1,0532
0,2262
%𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = × 100% = 70,4%
0,3212

ψ
Pengecekan Entraintment
0,7149
𝑈𝑣 = = 1,1182
0,8583 × 0,7449
1,1182
%𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1,5097
× 100% = 74,07%

ψ
Penentuan Tray Layout

θ
α
Penentuan Tray Layout

α
𝐿𝑎𝑣 = × 𝜋 × 𝐷𝑐 − 0,05
180
82
𝐿𝑎𝑣 = × 3,14 × 1,1583 − 0,05 = 1,5854
180

𝐴ℎ
= 0,1244 𝐼𝑝
𝐴𝑝 = 2,75
𝑑ℎ
Penentuan Tray Layout
𝐼𝑝
𝐼𝑝 = × 𝑑ℎ = 2,75 × 5 𝑚𝑚 = 13,75 𝑚𝑚 = 0,01375 𝑚
𝑑ℎ
𝜋 3,14
𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔 = × 𝑑ℎ 2 = × 52 = 19,625 𝑚𝑚2 = 1,9625 × 10−5 𝑚2
4 4
𝐴ℎ 0,0800 𝑚2
𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔 = = = 4076,43 𝑏𝑢𝑎ℎ = 4076 𝑏𝑢𝑎ℎ
𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔 1,9625 × 10−5 𝑚2
Tebal Dinding,Head Menara dan
Tinggi Menara
Penentuan Tebal Shell (ts)

𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠 . 𝑟𝑖
𝑡𝑠 = +𝐶
𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,6 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠
Penentuan Tebal Shell (ts)
26,4527 𝑝𝑠𝑖 × 22,8012 𝑖𝑛
𝑡𝑠 = + 0,125 𝑖𝑛 = 0,1907 𝑖𝑛
11500 𝑝𝑠𝑖 × 0,8 − 0,6 × 26,4527 𝑝𝑠𝑖

(𝑓)(𝐸)(𝑡𝑠) (11500 𝑝𝑠𝑖)(0,8)(0,1907𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑖)

Tekanan maksimum = = = 76,5609 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑅 + 0,6(𝑡𝑠) 22,8012𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑖 + 0,6(0,1907 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑖)
Penentuan Tebal Head (th)

0,855 (𝑇𝑒𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛)(𝑟)

𝑡ℎ = +𝐶
𝑓 𝐸 + 0,1(𝑇𝑒𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛)
0,855 26,4527𝑝𝑠𝑖 48 𝑖𝑛
𝑡ℎ = + 0,125 𝑖𝑛 = 0,2429 𝑖𝑛
11500 𝑝𝑠𝑖 0,8 + 0,1 26,4527 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Penentuan Tinggi Head (OA)

b = r − (𝐵𝐶)2 − (𝐴𝐵)2

𝐼𝐷 45,6023
AB = − 𝑖𝑐𝑟 = − 3 = 19,8012 𝑖𝑛
2 2
𝐵𝐶 = 48 − 3 = 45 𝑖𝑛

𝑏 = 𝑟 − (𝐵𝐶)2 − (𝐴𝐵)2

𝑏 = 48 − (45)2 − (19,8012)2 = 7,5907 𝑖𝑛

Penentuan Tinggi Menara
Penentuan Tinggi Menara

𝐿 4.573,80 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑄= = 3 = 5,3683 𝑚3 Τ𝑠 = 0,0895 𝑚3 Τ𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
ρ𝐿 851,9891 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑚

𝜋 2
V𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 = D𝑐 H𝐿
4
0,4475 𝑚
H𝐿 = = 0,4249 𝑚
0,785 x (1,1583 m)2
Penentuan Tinggi Menara
Terima kasih