•

T↑ ➔ E↓ δ↑

•
•

E = Ctt

✓
•
 𝐸𝑓𝑖,𝑑 ≤ 𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,𝑡

(𝜽𝒂,𝒄𝒓 )
 𝜽𝒂,𝒄𝒓

𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟
𝜇0
𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,0

1
𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 = 39,19 ln [ − 1] + 482
0.9674 ∙ 𝜇0 3,993

𝜇0 = 𝐸𝑓𝑖,𝑑 /𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,0

𝜇𝑓𝑖

𝑘𝑦,𝜃 𝜇0

𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = 𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝜃,𝑅𝑑

𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝜃,𝑅𝑑

𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = 𝐴 ∙ k y,θ ∙
𝛾𝑀0
 𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑
k y,θ = 𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = 𝐴 ∙ k y,θ ∙
𝐴 ∙ fy ⁄𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖

𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 𝐸𝑓𝑖,𝑑
k y,θ = =
𝐴 ∙ fy ⁄𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,0

𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,0

𝑘𝑦,𝜃 𝜇0

𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 𝜇0
𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 ≥ 𝜃𝑑

𝜇0
 𝜇0

𝜇0

η 𝑓𝑖 𝜇0
 𝐸𝑑 = 𝑅𝑑

𝐸𝑑,𝑓𝑖 = η 𝑓𝑖 𝐸𝑑 = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑅𝑑

𝐸𝑓𝑖,𝑑 η 𝑓𝑖 𝑅𝑑
𝜇0 = = = η 𝑓𝑖 (𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 ⁄𝛾𝑀0 )
𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,0 𝑅𝑑 ∙ (𝛾𝑀0 ⁄𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 )

η 𝑓𝑖

η 𝑓𝑖 = 0,65
η 𝑓𝑖 =
0,7

• 𝛾𝑀0 = 𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 = 1

𝐸𝑓𝑖,𝑑 η 𝑓𝑖 A𝑓𝑦 / 𝛾𝑀0

𝜇0 = = = η 𝑓𝑖 (𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 ⁄𝛾𝑀0 ) = η 𝑓𝑖
𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,0 (A𝑓𝑦 ⁄𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 )

η 𝑓𝑖 = 0,65
η 𝑓𝑖 = 0,7
𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 = 1,05

•
𝛾𝑀0 = 𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 = 1

𝐸𝑓𝑖,𝑑 η 𝑓𝑖 𝑊𝑦 𝑓𝑦 / 𝛾𝑀0
𝜇0 = = = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑘1 𝑘2 (𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 ⁄𝛾𝑀0 ) = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑘1 𝑘2
𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑,0 (𝑊𝑦 𝑓𝑦 ⁄𝑘1 𝑘2 𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 )
 𝑘1 𝑦 𝑘2

o 𝑘1 = 1.0; 𝑘2 = 1.0) ➔ 𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 = 540℃

o 𝑘1 = 0.7; 𝑘2 = 1.0) ➔ 𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 = 600℃
o 𝑘1 = 0.85; 𝑘2 = 1.0) ➔ 𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 = 570℃

o 𝑘1 = 1.0; 𝑘2 = 0,85) ➔ 𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 = 570℃

o 𝑘1 = 0.7; 𝑘2 = 0,85) ➔ 𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 = 625℃
o 𝑘1 = 0.85; 𝑘2 = 0,85) ➔ 𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟 = 595℃

𝜇0

𝜃𝑎,𝑐𝑟

𝜽𝒂,𝒄𝒓
 𝐸𝑓𝑖,𝑑 = 𝑅𝑓𝑖,𝑑
𝜃𝑐𝑟

𝜃𝑐𝑟
𝜃𝑐𝑟

Coeficientes reductores fuego

θa Ky,θ KE,θ
20 1.000 1.000
100 1.000 1.000 𝜃𝑐𝑟
200 1.000 0.900
300 1.000 0.800
400 1.000 0.700
500 0.780 0.600
600 0.470 0.310
700 0.230 0.130
800 0.110 0.090

𝜃𝑐𝑟
𝜃𝑐𝑟
•
•
•

•
•
•

𝛾𝐺 = 1,35 𝛾𝑄 = 1,5

•
•
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (16,2 + 36)𝑥5 = 261𝑘𝑁

𝛾𝑀0 = 1,05

𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑦 ⁄𝛾𝑀0 = 1032,4 · 275⁄1,05 = 270,39𝑘𝑁

270,39𝑘𝑁 > 261𝑘𝑁 ==> 96,52% 𝑂𝐾

•
o
ψ1 = 0,5
𝑄𝑘 ⁄𝐺𝑘 = 2,0

η 𝑓𝑖 = 0,46

𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 0,46 · 261 = 120𝑘𝑁

𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 = 1,00

𝑘𝑦,20 𝑓𝑦 275
𝑁𝑓𝑖,20,𝑅𝑑 = A 𝐼𝑃𝐸100 ( ) = 1032,4 · · 10−3 = 283,91 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 1

𝑘𝑦,20 = 1

𝜇0 = 𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝑑 ⁄𝑁𝑓𝑖,20,𝑅𝑑 = 120⁄283,91 = 0,423

 𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 616,8 ℃

𝜃𝑐𝑟
𝑘𝑠ℎ

𝐴𝑚 ⁄𝑉 = 387,4 𝑘𝑠ℎ = 0,698

𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 616,8 ℃

𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 616,8 ℃

𝜇0 = 0,42 𝑡 = 10,5𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 616,8 ℃ ; 𝑅𝐹60

𝑤
616,8 ℃ ; 60𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≈ [ ]
𝑚3 𝐾
 𝐴 𝑝 𝜆𝑝 1 𝑤
𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑑 = · · ≈ 1800 [ 3 ]
𝑉 𝑑𝑝 1 + ∅⁄3 𝑚 𝐾

∅
𝑑𝑝

𝐴𝑚 ⁄𝑉 = 387,4 𝑚−1

𝑊
𝜆𝑝 = 0,12
𝑚·𝐾

387,4 · 0,12
𝑑𝑝 = = 0,026𝑚 = 26𝑚𝑚
1800

∅ 𝑑𝑝 = 26𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑝 = 350 𝑐𝑝 =
𝑚3
𝐽
1200
𝑘𝑔𝐾

𝑐𝑝 · 𝜌𝑝 𝐴𝑝 350 · 1200
∅= ·𝑑 · = · 0,026 · 387,4 = 0,90
𝜌𝑎 · 𝑐𝑎 𝑝 𝑉 7850 · 600

1
= 0,77
1 + ∅⁄3

387,4 · 0,12
𝑑𝑝 = · 0.77 = 0,020𝑚 = 20𝑚𝑚
1800
 1
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = (16,2 + 36)𝑥52 = 163,13𝑘𝑁𝑚 (𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑜)
8

1
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = (16,2 + 36)𝑥5 = 130,50𝑘𝑁(𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑉𝑖𝑔𝑎)
2

𝛾𝑀0 = 1,05

𝑀𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑊𝑦,𝑝𝑙 𝑓𝑦 ⁄𝛾𝑀0 = 628,399 · 275⁄1,05 = 164,58𝑘𝑁

164,58𝑘𝑁 > 163,13𝑘𝑁 ==> 99,12% 𝑂𝐾

𝑉𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑊𝑦,𝑝𝑙 𝑓𝑦 ⁄𝛾𝑀0 = 2568.5 · 275⁄/1,732 · 1,05) = 407,80𝑘𝑁

407,80𝑘𝑁 > 130,50𝑘𝑁 ==> 32,00% 𝑂𝐾

•
o
ψ1 = 0,5 𝑄𝑘 ⁄𝐺𝑘 = 2,0

η 𝑓𝑖 = 0,46

𝑀𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 0,46 · 163,13 = 75,70𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑉𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 0,46 · 130,50 = 60.03𝑘𝑁

𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 = 1,00

𝜀 = 0,85√235/𝑓𝑦 = 0,85√(235 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 )/ (275 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 ) = 0,79 (𝐸𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑜)

𝑐 56,45 𝑚𝑚
= = 5,28 < 9𝜀 = 7,07 → 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 1
𝑡𝑓 10,7 𝑚𝑚

1 𝑘𝑦,𝜃 ∙𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 ∙𝑓𝑦 ∙𝛾𝑀,0

𝑀𝑓𝑖,𝜃,𝑅𝑑 = ∙
𝑘1 𝑘2 𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖

𝑁
1 1∙628∙103 𝑚𝑚3 ∙275 ∙1,0
𝑚𝑚2
𝑀𝑓𝑖,20,𝑅𝑑 = ∙ = 246,87
0,7∙1,0 1,0

𝑘𝑦,20 = 1
 𝑘1 = 0,7; 𝑘2 = 1 (𝑉𝑒𝑟 𝑥𝑥)

𝜇0 = 𝑀𝑓𝑖,𝑑 ⁄𝑀𝑓𝑖,20,𝑅𝑑 = 75,70⁄246,87 = 0,30

𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 660,45 ℃

𝑁
1 1∙628∙103 𝑚𝑚3 ∙275 ∙1,0
𝑚𝑚2
𝑀𝑓𝑖,20,𝑅𝑑 = ∙ = 203,31
0,85∙1,0 1,0

𝑘𝑦,20 = 1

𝑘1 = 0,85; 𝑘2 = 1 (𝑉𝑒𝑟 𝑥𝑥)

𝜇0 = 𝑀𝑓𝑖,𝑑 ⁄𝑀𝑓𝑖,20,𝑅𝑑 = 75,70⁄203,31 = 0,37

𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 630,83 ℃

𝜃𝑐𝑟

𝑘𝑠ℎ

𝐴𝑚 ⁄𝑉 = 187,74 𝑘𝑠ℎ = 0,668

𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 660 ℃
 𝜇0 = 0,37 𝜇0 = 0,3 𝑡 = 17 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 70 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑘𝑔
▪ 𝜌𝑝 = 800
𝑚3
𝐽
▪ 𝑐𝑝 = 1700
𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑊
▪ 𝜆𝑝 = 0,2
𝑚·𝐾

▪ 𝐴𝑚 ⁄𝑉 = 139,40 𝑚−1

𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑑

𝐴𝑝 𝜆𝑝 1 0,2 1 𝑤
𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑑 = · · = 139,4 · · = 1542,83 [ ]
𝑉 𝑑𝑝 1+∅⁄3 0,015 1+0,6⁄3 𝑚3 𝐾

𝑐𝑝 ·𝜌𝑝 𝐴𝑝 1700·800
∅= · 𝑑𝑝 · = · 0,015 · 139,4 = 0,60
𝜌𝑎 ·𝑐𝑎 𝑉 7850·600

630,83 ℃ ; 𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑑 = 1542,83 ≈

𝑑𝑝
= 0,10
𝜆𝑝
 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (16,2 + 36)𝑥5𝑥4 = 1044 𝑘𝑁

•
o

𝜀 = √235/𝑓𝑦 = √(235 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 )/(275 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 ) = 0,92

𝑑 122 𝑚𝑚
= = 14,35 < 33𝜀 = 30,36 → 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑒 1
𝑡𝑤 8,5 𝑚𝑚

𝑐 70,75 𝑚𝑚
= = 5,05 < 9𝜀 = 8,28 → 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑒 1
𝑡𝑓 14 𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 1 ∙ 𝐿 = 1 ∙ 3,5 𝑚 = 3,5 𝑚

𝐿𝑐𝑟 𝐿𝑐𝑟,𝑧 3500 𝑚𝑚

𝜆̅ 𝑧 = = 235
= = 0,88
𝑖𝑧 𝜆𝑎 𝑖𝑧 93,9√
𝑓𝑦 235 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
45,7 𝑚𝑚∙93,9√
275 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

𝜒 = 0,61
 𝛾𝑀1 = 1,05

𝑓𝑦 275 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ = 0,61 ∙ 6525,5 𝑚𝑚2 ∙ ∙ 10−3 = 1042,52 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀1 1,05

1042,52 𝑘𝑁 ≅ 1044𝑘𝑁 ==> 100,14% 𝑂𝐾

•
o
ψ1 = 0,5 𝑄𝑘 ⁄𝐺𝑘 = 2,0

η 𝑓𝑖 = 0,46

𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 0,46 · 1044 = 480,24𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = η 𝑓𝑖 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 0,46 · 1044 = 480,24𝑘𝑁

𝐿𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 0,7 ∙ 𝐿 = 0,7 ∙ 3,5 𝑚 = 2,45 𝑚

𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖 = 1,00

𝜀 = 0,85√235/𝑓𝑦 = 0,85√235 / 275 = 0,79(𝐸𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑜)

𝑐 56,45 𝑚𝑚
= = 5,28 < 9𝜀 = 7,07 → 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 1
𝑡𝑓 10,7 𝑚𝑚

𝑑 122 𝑚𝑚
= = 14,35 < 33𝜀 = 25,93 → 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑒 1
𝑡𝑤 8,5 𝑚𝑚
 𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑓𝑖,𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧,𝑓𝑖 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑘𝑦,𝜃 ∙
𝛾𝑀,𝑓𝑖

𝑘𝑦,𝜃 𝑘𝑦,20 ) 𝜒𝑧,𝑓𝑖

𝐿𝑐𝑟 𝐿𝑐𝑟,𝑧 2450 𝑚𝑚

𝜆̅ 𝑧 = = 235
= = 0,62
𝑖𝑧 𝜆𝑎 𝑖𝑧 93,9√
𝑓𝑦 235 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
45,7 𝑚𝑚∙93,9√
275 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

𝑘𝑦,𝜃 𝑘𝑦,20 ℃ 1
𝜆̅𝑧,𝜃 = 𝜆̅𝑧 √ = 𝜆̅ 𝑧 √ = 0,62 ∙ √ = 0,62
𝑘𝐸,𝜃 𝑘𝐸,20℃ 1

1 1
𝜙𝑧,𝜃 = (1 + 𝛼𝜆̅𝑧,𝜃 + 𝜆2̅𝑧,𝜃 ) = (1 + 0,60 ∙ 0,62 + 0,622 ) = 0.88
2 2

235 235 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

𝛼 = 0,65√ = 0,65√ = 0,60
𝑓𝑦 275 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

1 1
𝜒𝑧,𝑓𝑖 = = = 0,667
2 −𝜆
𝜙𝑧,𝜃 +√𝜙𝑧,𝜃 ̅2 0.88+√0.882 −0,622
𝑧,𝜃

275𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
𝑁𝑏,𝑓𝑖,𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 0,667 ∙ 6525,5 𝑚𝑚2 ∙ 1 ∙ ∙ 10−3 = 1198,02 𝑘𝑁
1

𝑁𝑏,𝑓𝑖,𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑁𝑓𝑖,𝐸𝑑 = 480,24𝑘𝑁𝑚

 (ºC) (kN)
20 1 1 0.62 0.88 0.67 1198.02
100 1 1 0.62 0.88 0.67 1198.02
200 1 0.9 0.65 0.91 0.65 1165.46
300 1 0.8 0.69 0.95 0.63 1127.02
400 1 0.7 0.74 0.99 0.60 1080.86
500 1 0.7 0.74 0.99 0.60 1080.86
600 0.47 0.31 0.76 1.02 0.59 497.93
601 0.468 0.308 0.76131 1.019 0.5899 495.44
602 0.465 0.306 0.76135 1.019 0.5899 492.25
603 0.463 0.305 0.76095 1.018 0.5901 490.31
604 0.46 0.303 0.76098 1.018 0.5901 487.12
605 0.458 0.301 0.76184 1.019 0.5896 484.62
606 0.456 0.299 0.76272 1.02 0.5892 482.12
607 0.453 0.297 0.76276 1.02 0.5892 478.93

𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 606,5℃

606 ℃
o

𝑘𝑔
▪ 𝜌𝑝 = 350
𝑚3
𝐽
▪ 𝑐𝑝 = 1200
𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑊
▪ 𝜆𝑝 = 0,12
𝑚·𝐾

▪ 𝐴𝑚 ⁄𝑉 = 158,84 𝑚−1

𝜃𝑐𝑟