INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Course Title SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Course Code AECB14

Program B. Tech

Semester III

Course Type CORE

Regulation IARE – UG20

Theory Practical

Course Structure Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits

3 - 3 -
Mr K. Nagaraju, Assistant Professor
Course Faculty Dr V. Padmanabha Reddy, Professor
Dr M V Krishna Rao, Professor

I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
This course integrates the basic concepts of both continuous and discrete time signals
and systems. It covers the linear time invariant systems and their analysis in time and
frequency domain, mathematical tools, correlation and convolution of signals, sampling
techniques. It provides the necessary background needed for understanding the signal
processing and communications.

II. COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:

Level Course Code Semester Prerequisites

UG AHSB11 III Mathematical Transform Techniques

UG AECB08 III Probability Theory and Stochastic Process

III. MARKS DISTRIBUTION:

Subject SEE Examination CIA Examination Total Marks

Signals and Systems 70 Marks 30 Marks 100

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IV. DELIVERY / INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

✔ PPT ✘ Chalk & Talk ✔ Assignments ✘ MOOCs

Concept
✔ Open Ended Experiments ✔ Seminars ✘ Mini Project ✔
Videos
✘ Others:

V. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY:
The course will be evaluated for a total of 100 marks, with 30 marks for Continuous Internal Assessment
(CIA) and 70 marks for Semester End Examination (SEE). Out of 30 marks allotted for CIA during the
semester, marks are awarded by taking average of two CIA examinations or the marks scored in the
make-up examination.

Semester End Examination (SEE): The SEE is conducted for 70 marks of 3 hours duration. The
syllabus for the theory courses is divided into FIVE modules and each module carries equal weightage in
terms of marks distribution. The question paper pattern is as follows. Two full questions with “either‟ or
‟choice” will be drawn from each module. Each question carries 14 marks. There could be a maximum
of two sub divisions in a question.

The expected percentage of cognitive level of the questions is broadly based on the criteria given in
Table: 1.

Table 1: The expected percentage of cognitive level of questions in SEE.

Percentage of Cognitive Level Blooms Taxonomy Level

0% Remember

33% Understand

67 % Apply

0% Analyze

0% Evaluate

0% Create

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

CIA is conducted for a total of 30 marks (Table 2), with 20 marks for Continuous Internal Examination
(CIE), 05 marks for Quiz and 05 marks for Alternative Assessment Tool (Table 3).

Table 2: Assessment pattern for CIA

Component Theory
Total Marks
Type of Assessment CIE Exam Quiz AAT

CIA Marks 20 05 05 30

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Continuous Internal Examination (CIE):
Two CIE exams shall be conducted at the end of the 8th and 16th week of the semester respectively. The
CIE exam is conducted for 20 marks of 2 hours duration consisting of five descriptive type questions out
of which four questions have to be answered where, each question carries 5 marks. Marks are awarded by
taking average of marks scored in two CIE exams

Quiz –Online Examination:

Two Quiz exams shall be online examination consisting of 25 multiple choice questions and are to be
answered by choosing the correct answer from a given set of choices (commonly four). Such a question
paper shall be useful in testing of knowledge, skills, application, analysis, evaluation and understanding
of the students. Marks shall be awarded considering the average of two quiz examinations for every
course.

Alternative Assessment Tool (AAT):

This AAT enables faculty to design own assessment patterns during the CIA. The AAT converts the
classroom into an effective learning centre. The AAT may include tutorial hours / classes, seminars,
assignments, term paper, open ended experiments, METE (Modelling and Experimental Tools in
Engineering), five minutes video, MOOCs etc. The AAT chosen for this course is given in table 3.

Table 3: Assessment pattern for AAT

5 Minutes Video Assignment Tech-talk Seminar Open Ended Experiment

30% 30% 30% 10% --

VI. COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The students will try to learn:

I The representation, classification and analysis of continuous, discrete time signals in time
and frequency domains.
II The Fourier transform, Laplace and Z- transforms and their properties to analyze the signals
and systems
III The temporal and spectral characteristics of Random process and the extraction of Signal
from Noise by filtering.
IV The sampling, quantization and reconstruction requirements for digital signal processing
applications

VII. COURSE OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

Knowledge Level
(Bloom’s
Course Outcomes
Taxonomy)
CO 1 Summarize the basic signals exponential, sinusoidal, impulse, unit step Understand
and signum for performing mathematical operations on signals.
CO 2 Demonstrate the concepts of vector algebra for approximating a signal Understand
with the orthogonal functions.
CO 3 Illustrate Fourier series and Fourier transforms for calculating spectral Apply
characteristics of periodic and aperiodic signals.

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 CO 4 Make use of Fourier transform and its properties for determine the Apply
frequency response of the systems.
CO 5 Identify the linearity and time invariance properties for obtaining
Apply
the behaviour of linear time invariant system.
CO 6 Classify the ideal low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop
Understand
filters for determining the signal and system bandwidth.
CO 7 Illustrate the Laplace and Z-transform for analysing the continuous
Apply
and discrete time signals and systems.
CO 8 Apply the Region of Convergence Properties of Laplace and z
Apply
transform to represent the causal and noncausal Signals.
CO 9 Identify the similarities between two signals using convolution and
Apply
correlation.
CO 10 Make use of cross correlation function for measuring energy
Apply
spectral density of a given aperiodic signal.
CO 11 Utilize the power spectral density to measure of power in each
Apply
frequency component.
CO 12 Demonstrate the procedure consists of sampling and reconstruction
Understand
of bandlimited signals by using various sampling techniques.

COURSE KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCY LEVELS

Course Outcomes
9
8
8
7
6
4
5
Count

4
3
2
1
0
Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create
Blooms Level

VIII. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Outcomes Strength
Assessed by
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, 2 CIE/Quiz/AAT
PO 1 science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO 2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, 1 AAT
and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated
conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural
sciences, and engineering sciences
PO 3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex 2 AAT
engineering problems and design system components or processes
that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for
the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and

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 Proficiency
Program Outcomes Strength
Assessed by
environmental considerations.

3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

IX. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Specific Outcomes Strength
assessed by
PSO 1 Build Embedded Software and Digital Circuit Development platform 3 Seminars
for Robotics, Embedded Systems and Signal Processing
Applications.
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

X. MAPPING OF EACH CO WITH PO(s), PSO(s):

Program
Course Program Outcomes Specific
Outcomes Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

CO 1 √ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 2 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 3 - √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 4 - √ √ - - - - - - - - - √ - -

CO 5 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 6 √ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 7 - √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 8 - √ √ - - - - - - - - - √ - -

CO 9 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 10 - √ - - - - - - - - - - √ - -

CO 11 - √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 12 √ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
XI. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO – (PO, PSO) MAPPING – DIRECT
Course POs / No. of key
Justification for mapping (Students will be able to)
Outcomes PSOs competencies
CO 1 PO 1 Classify (knowledge) basic signals such as exponential, 2
sinusoidal, impulse, unit step and signum for performing
mathematical operations on signals by applying the principles of
science for engineering problems.
CO 2 PO 1 Apply (knowledge) the concepts of vector algebra for 3
approximating a signal with the orthogonal functions by

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 applying the principles of mathematics and science for solving
complex engineering problems.
PO 2 Understand the given problem statement and formulate the 4
orthogonal signals from the vector algebra using principles of
mathematics and engineering science.
CO 3 PO 2 Understand the given the Fourier series problem formulation 4
and apply for deriving the solution implementation of Fourier
transform by model translation.
CO 4 PO 2 Understand the given problem statement and formulate the 4
Fourier transform problems of spectral characteristics of
continuous time aperiodic signals and analyze the frequency
response of the given system.
PO 3 Extend (knowledge, understand) the Fourier transform 2
properties and Design solutions for different types of
linear time invariant systems.
PSO1 Develop the capability to analyze the Fourier transform 3
properties of continuous time signals by implementing the
frequency response.
CO 5 PO 1 Extend (knowledge, understand, apply) the linearity and time 3
invariance concepts to linear time invariant system for analyzing
the behavior of LTI system in both time and frequency domains
by applying the principles of mathematics and science for
engineering problems.
PO 2 Demonstrate and Develop the capability to design simple LTI 2
system in both time and frequency domains.
CO 6 PO 1 Outline (understand) the characteristics of ideal low pass, high 2
pass, band pass and band stop filters for determining the signal
and system bandwidth by applying the principles of
mathematics, science to the solutions of complex engineering
problems.
CO 7 PO 2 Understand the given problem statement and formulate the 2
(Complex) engineering problems of continuous time and
discrete time systems such as Laplace and Z transform from the
provided information and data.
CO 8 PO 2 Identify and determine the region of convergence of the 2
Laplace and z transform for given causal and noncausal signals.
PO 3 Extend (knowledge, understand) the properties of ROC of 2
continuous and discrete time signals and Development
solutions for different types of systems.
PSO 1 Develop the capability to analyze the continuous time and 3
discrete signals by implementing the Region of convergence.
CO 9 PO 1 Apply the concepts of convolution and correlation and to 1
estimate the similarity between given two signals
PO 2 Explain (Knowledge) the correlation functions for measuring 3
the similarity of the signals in signal detection for solving
complex engineering problems using auto and cross
correlation functions by applying mathematics, science and
engineering fundamentals.
CO 10 PO 2 Implement the given problem statement and formulate the 3
energy spectral density using principles of mathematics and
engineering science.
PSO1 Develop the capability to analyze the spectral densities of a 3
given signal using mathematical theorems.

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 CO 11 PO 2 Implement the given problem statement and formulate the 3
power spectral density using principles of mathematics and
engineering science.
PO 3 Design solution for calculating the power of each 2
frequency component of a given signal.
CO 12 PO 1 Understand the sampling theorem for band limited and 1
bandpass signals and reconstruction of samples by filtering
methods.

XII. TOTAL COUNT OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO, PSO) MAPPING

PSO/
Program Outcomes / No. of Key Competencies Matched No. of key
Course competencies
Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 12 2 3 2

CO 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 2 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 3 - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 4 - 4 2 - - - - - - - - 1 - -

CO 5 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 6 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 7 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 8 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 1 - -

CO 9 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 10 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -

CO 11 - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 12 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

XIII. PERCENTAGE OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO, PSO):

PSO /
Program Outcomes / No. of key competencies No. of key
Course competencies
Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 12 2 3 2

CO 1 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CO 2 100.00 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

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 CO 3 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CO 4 0.0 40.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0

CO 5 100.00 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CO 6 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CO 7 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CO 8 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

CO 9 33.33 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CO 10 0.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CO 11 0.0 30.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 0.0

CO 12 33.33 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0

XIV. COURSE ARTICULATION MATRIX (PO – PSO MAPPING)

COs and POs and COs and PSOs on the scale of 0 to 3, 0 being no correlation, 1 being the low
correlation, 2 being medium correlation and 3 being high correlation.
0 – 𝟎 ≤ 𝑪 ≤ 5%– No correlation; 2 − 40 % < 𝑪 < 60% – Moderate.
1 – 5 < 𝑪 ≤ 40%– Low / Slight; 3 – 60% ≤ 𝑪 < 100% – Substantial / High
Program
Program Outcomes Specific
Course Outcomes
Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 2 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 3 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 4 - 1 2 - - - - - - - - - 3 - -

CO 5 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 6 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 7 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 8 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 9 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 10 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 11 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 - -

CO 12 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - -

TOTAL 14 12 5 - - - - - - - - - 9 -

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 AVERAGE 2.3 1.3 1.6 - - - - - - - - - 3 - -

XV. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY - DIRECT

PO 1 PO 1, PO 2,
CIE Exams PO 1, PO 2 SEE Exams Assignments Seminars PO 1, PO 2
PO 2 PO 3
Laboratory Student Mini
- - - Certification -
Practices Viva Project
Five
PO 9 PO 9 Open Ended
Term Paper - Minutes Tech Talk -
PO 10 PO 10 Experiments
Video

XVI. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY - INDIRECT

✔ Early Semester Feedback ✔ End Semester OBE Feedback

✘ Assessment of Mini Projects by Experts

XVII. SYLLABUS

MODULE-I SIGNAL ANALYSIS

Signal Analysis: Analogy between Vectors and Signals, Orthogonal Signal Space, Signal
approximation using Orthogonal functions, Mean Square Error, Closed or complete set of Orthogonal
functions, Orthogonally in Complex functions, Exponential and Sinusoidal signals, Concepts of
Impulse function, Unit Step function, Signum function.
MODULE-II FOURIER SERIES
Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time periodic signals, Properties of Fourier Series,
Dirichlet‟s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier Series and Exponential Fourier Series, Complex Fourier
spectrum.
Fourier Transforms:
Deriving Fourier Transform from Fourier series, Fourier Transform of arbitrary signal, Fourier
Transform of standard signals, Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals, Properties of Fourier Transform,
Fourier Transform involving Impulse function and Signum function, Introduction to Hilbert Transforms.
MODULE-III SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS
Linear System, Impulse response, Response of a Linear System, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) System, Linear
Time Variant (LTV) System, Transfer function of a LTI System, Filter characteristic of Linear System,
Distortionless transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, SystemBandwidth, IdealLPF, HPF, and BPF
characteristics.
Causality and Paley-Wiener criterion for physical realization, Relationship between Bandwidth and rise time,
Convolution and Correlation of Signals, Concept of convolution in Time domain and Frequency domain,
Graphical representation of Convolution.
MODULE-IV LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND Z-TRANSFORM
Laplace Transforms: Laplace Transforms (L.T), Inverse Laplace Transform, Concept of Region of
Convergence (ROC) for Laplace Transforms, Properties of L.T, Relation between L.T and F.T of a
signal, Laplace Transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.
Z–Transforms: Concept of Z- Transform of a Discrete Sequence, Distinction between Laplace,
Fourier and Z Transforms, Region of Convergence in Z-Transform, Constraints on ROC for various
classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform, Properties of Z-transforms

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 MODULE-V SAMPLING THEOREM

Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, Impulse Sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling,
Reconstruction of signal from its samples, Effect of under sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass
Sampling. Correlation: Cross Correlation and Auto Correlation of Functions, Properties of Correlation
Functions, Energy Density Spectrum, Parseval’s Theorem, Power Density Spectrum, Relation between
Autocorrelation Function and Energy/Power Spectral Density Function, Relation between Convolution and
Correlation, Detection of Periodic Signals in the presence of Noise by Correlation, Extraction of Signal from
Noise by filtering
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Signals, Systems & Communications, B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2009.
2. Signals and Systems, A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab ,PHI, 2nd Edition 2009.
3. Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Manolakis, Pearson Education / PHI. 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Signals & Systems, Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Wiley, 2nd Edition, 2009.
2. Signals and Signals, Iyer and K. Satya Prasad, Cengage Learning, 2 nd Edition, 2009.
3. Discrete Time Signal Processing, A. V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI, 2009.
4. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing, Loney Ludeman. John Wiley, PHI, 2009.

XVIII. COURSE PLAN:

The course plan is meant as a guideline. Probably there may be changes.

Lecture No. Topics to be covered COS Reference

Concepts of Impulse function, Unit Step function, Signum function,
1 in continuous time
CO 1 T1:4.1
Concepts of Impulse function, Unit Step function, Signum function,
2 in discrete time
CO 1 T1:4.2
3 Exponential and Sinusoidal signals CO 1 T1: 5.1
4 Analogy between Vectors and Signals. CO 1 R3: 1.7
Orthogonal Signal Space, Signal approximation using Orthogonal
5-9 functions.
CO 2 T1: 6.1-6.6
10-11 Mean Square Error. CO 3 T1: 6.4-6.6
12-13 Closed or complete set of Orthogonal functions. CO 3 T1: 6.7-6.8
14 Orthogonally in Complex functions CO 4 T1: 6.7-6.8
Representation of Fourier series.
15 CO 4 R3:7.1, 8.1
Continuous time periodic signals.
16 CO 4 T1: 7.5

17-18 Properties of Fourier Series. CO 4 T1: 7.7-7.12

19 Dirichlet’s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier Series CO 5 T1: 7.8

Exponential Fourier Series, Complex Fourier spectrum.
20-21 CO 5 T1: 10.2
Deriving Fourier Transform from Fourier series, Fourier Transform of
22 arbitrary signal.
CO 5 T1:7.7
Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals, Properties of Fourier
23 Transform
CO 6 T1: 7.8-7.10

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 Lecture No. Topics to be covered COS Reference
Fourier Transform involving Impulse function and Signum function,
24 Introduction to Hilbert Transforms
CO 6 T1: 7.12
Linear System, Impulse response, Response of a Linear System, CO 7
25 Linear Time Invariant (LTI) System, Linear Time Variant (LTV) R4: 4.2
System.
Transfer function of a LTI System, Filter characteristic of Linear CO 7
26 T1: 10.6
System, Distortion less transmission through a system
Signal bandwidth, System Bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF, and BPF
27-28 characteristics. CO 8 T1: 10.4

Causality and Paley-Wiener criterion for physical realization,

29-32 Relationship between Bandwidth and rise time.
CO 8 T1: 10.5
Convolution and Correlation of Signals, Concept of convolution in
33 Time domain and Frequency domain, Graphical representation of CO 9 T3: 1.5
Convolution
34 Laplace Transforms (L.T), Inverse Laplace Transform, CO 9 T3: 1.6

35 Concept of Region of Convergence (ROC) for Laplace CO 9 T3: 1.7

Transforms.
Properties of L.T, Relation between L.T and F.T of a signal,
36 Laplace Transform of certain signals using waveform CO 9 T3:1.8
synthesis.
Concept of Z- Transform of a Discrete Sequence, Distinction
37 between Laplace, Fourier and Z Transforms,
CO 9 T3:2.6
Region of Convergence in Z-Transform, Constraints on ROC
38-39 for various classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform,
CO 9 T3:2.6
40 Properties of Z-transforms CO 10 T3: 2.7
R3: 4.4
41 Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, Impulse CO 10 T3: 2.8
Sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, R3: 4.4
Reconstruction of signal from its samples, Effect of under sampling –
42 Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass Sampling.
CO 11 T3: 8.9
Cross Correlation and Auto Correlation of Functions, Properties of
43 Correlation Functions, Energy Density Spectrum, Parseval’s CO 11 T3: 8.12-8.13
Theorem, Power Density Spectrum
44-46 Relation between Autocorrelation Function and Energy/Power CO 11 T3: 9.1-9.2
Spectral Density Function, Relation between Convolution and
Correlation.
47 Detection of Periodic Signals in the presence of Noise by CO 11 T3: 9.3.
Correlation, Extraction of Signal from Noise by filtering

Prepared By:
MsV. Bindusree, Assistant Professor HOD, ECE

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