Spanning Bridges Using Extradosed Cables Jatinder Singh Pahuja Tandon Consultant 1497558814

MIDAS Elite
Engineer Talk
Jatinder Singh Pahuja

Senior Principal Consultant & Managing Director
Tandon Consultant Pvt Ltd. Paragon Consultant
MIDAS
ELITE ENGINEER TALK
Spanning Bridges
Using Extradosed Cables
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Structural Considerations
3. Examples
4. Hardware
5. Design Example
1.
1. General Description (32pt)
Introduction
CONCEPT
•EXTRADOSED BRIDGE – ORIGINATED FROM FRENCH WORD “EXTRADOS” WHICH MEANS TOP FIBER
•EXTRADOSED MEANS THAT PRESTRESSING TENDONS ARE PASSING ABOVE THE TOP FIBER
First Extradosed Bridge

(Ganther br- In Switzerland)
by Christian Menn
1.
Introduction
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
Ratio of
Ratio of Pylon Superstructure
Overtension Vibration
Height to Depth to Central
Type Of Bridge Figure Due To Frequent Due To
Central Span Span Length
Live Load Wind
Length
Mid Span Supp
Girder Bridge About 15% for 1:40 1:15

(Economical upto - external No to to
100m Span) prestressing 1:50 1:20
Extradosed Bri 1:40 1:30

dge h/L=1/9 About
to to
(Economical - 80 to 50 MPa Negligible
m to 200m Span)
1:50 1:40
1/10
Cable Stayed B
ridge (Economic h/L= 1/5 About
Yes 1.5m to 2.5m depth
al -175m to 400m 100 MPa
span)
1.
Introduction
ADVANTAGES
STRUCTURAL
Similar to Girder Bridge - No Vibration Problem
-No Fatigue Problem
AESTHETIC
Improved Aesthetics - Looks similar to cable stayed bridges
-Sleeker superstructure than girder bridge
CONSTRUCTION
Ease in Construction - Lesser Tower height than cable stayed bridge
- Simpler Superstructure
ECONOMICS
Less Material consumption of superstructure - Nearly 30% lesser than girder bridge
Less load on foundation-Saving in foundation
1. GeneralStructural
2.General Description (32pt)
Considerations
GENERAL STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR EXTRADOSED BRIDGES
STAY CABLE
▪ STAY CONFIGURATION- SINGLE PLANE OR DOUBLE PLANE (Governed by Roadway Width & Configuration)
▪ STAY LAYOUT –FAN SHAPED OR SEMI FAN SHAPED OR HARP SHAPED (Governed by number of cables in a Plane &
economics of stay system)
SUPERSTRUCTURE
▪ CENTRAL SUPPORTED SUPERSTRUCTURE (BOX GIRDER)
• SINGLE CELL (WITH INTERNAL STRUT) BOX GIRDER WITH WIDE CANTILEVER
• SINGLE CELL SPINE BOX GIRDER WITH EXTERNAL STRUTS TO SUPPORT WIDE CANTILEVER
• SINGLE CELL SPINE BOX GIRDER (WITH INTERNAL STRUTS ALONG WITH EXTERNAL STRUTS
TO SUPPORT WIDE CANTILEVER (Governed by
▪ LATERALLY SUPPORTED SUPERSTRUCTURE (BOX GIRDER) Stay Configuration)
• SINGLE CELL BOX GIRDER
• MULTIPLE CELL BOX GIRDER
▪ LATERALLY SUPPORTED STIFFENED SLAB CROSS-SECTION
PIER SUPERSTRUCTURE CONNECTION

• THROUGH BEARINGS (Governed by Ease of Construction, Strain
• MONOLITHICS (INTEGRAL) induced effects, Seismic regions)
PYLON & PIER CONFIGURATION

• Single Pier (Central or lateral Suspension of superstructure, cable
• Twin bladed piers configuration, Strain induced effects, Seismic regions)
1.
3. General
ExamplesDescription (32pt)
Single Plane Of Stay- Harp Shaped
• Single Plane Of Stay- Harp Shaped

• Centrally Supported -Single Cell Box Girder With Wide cantilever
(Deck Transversally Prestressed)
• Single Pylon With Single Pier , Monolithic with Superstructure
1.
3. General
Single Plane Of Stay- Semi-Fan Shaped
• Single Plane Of Stay- Semi-Fan Shaped

• Centrally Supported Superstructure-Single Cell Box Girder With Wide
Cantilever Supported by External Struts(Deck Transversally Pre-stressed)
• Single Pier , Superstructure supported on bearing
1.
3. General
Double Plane Of Stays- Semi-Fan Shaped
• Double Plane Of Stays- Semi-Fan Shaped

• Laterally Supported Single Cell Box Girder
• Single Pier , Superstructure Integral to pier
1.
3. General

• Single Pier , Superstructure resting on bearing
1.
3. General
• Single Pier , Superstructure resting on bearing
1.
4. General
HardwareDescription (32pt)
COMPLETE STAY ASSEMBLY
1.
4. General
Strands , Semi bonded individual sheath & Outer Duct
• Greased or Wax Strands –Climatic Condition

• Galvanization=190gm/m^2 (Min)
=350gm/m^2 (Max)
• Greased Quantity /strand=5 to 12gm/m
• PE thickness of individual sheath=1.5mm (min)
• Min Friction Sheath & Strand=160 N /m Length
• HDPE stay pipe shall consist of a co-extruded

high-density polyethylene, with a colored
external layer and a black internal layer.
• Minimum thickness=6mm or dia/36
1.
4. General
STRAND ALONE-Physical Properties
Material Characteristics EURONORM EN 10337

Nominal Diameter (mm) 15.3 15.7 15.7
Minimum specified Ultimate stress 1860 1770 1860
(MPa)
Nominal Area (mm^2) 140 150 150
Modulus Of Elasticity (MPa) 195000 +/- 5%
Fatigue & Static Strength
Nos Of Cycle 2 millions
Upper Stress 0.45 U.T.S
Stress Range (MPa) 300
Minimum Fatigue Strength Tensile force >= 95% MUTS
1.
4. General
M/S VSL -STAY CABLE ANCHORAGE
Stay Anchorages-
12 nos to 121nos of strands
1.
4. General
M/S DYWIDAG SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL-STAY CABLE ANCHORAGE
Stay Anchorages- 4 nos to 127nos of strands
1.
4. General
Selection Of Saddle (Over Pylon)
Design Objectives
• Passage of Extradosed Stay Cable Over Pylon
(should be able to transfer radial forces to pylon with minimal horizontal forces)
• Should be able transfer unbalance force in stay on either side of pylon

(without movement/slippage of strand inside saddle)
•
• Strand by Strand replacement is possible even during restricted movement of traffic
(minimal Residual compressive stress required to be maintained in deck)
• Minimal force transferred to pylon in case of accidental breakage of stay
• It should be compact in size

1.
4. General
Selection Of Saddle (Over Pylon)
Fretting Corrosion
• It occurs due to contact between materials of comparable hardness subjected to

transverse pressure.
• Small relative movement between adjacent materials
• Availability Of Oxygen
1.
4. General
SELECTION OF SADDLE
Single Tube Type Multi-Mono Tube Anchor Box Type

1.
4. General
SADDLE-STAY-ANCHORAGE LOAD TESTING
1.
4. General
SINGLE TUBE -SADDLE
1.
4. General
M/S VSL-Patent Saddle System
1.
4. General
M/S VSL-Patent Saddle System
1.
4. General
FREYSSINET INTERNATIONAL-PATENT SADDLE SYTEM
1.
4. General
M/s DYWIDAG –SYSTEM -INTERNATIONAL-SADDLE PATENT SYSTEM
1.
4. General
GENERIC-STEEL BEAM
1.
4. General
Stay Anchorage Anchored On Either Side Of Pylon
1.
4. General
GENERIC-STEEL BEAM
1.
5. General Description
DESIGN EXAMPLE (32pt)EXTRADOSED BRIDGE
- BARAPULLAH
BARAPULLAH EXTRADOSED BRIDGE OVER RIVER YAMUNA, NEW DELHI

1.
- BARAPULLAH
LONGITUDINAL ELEVATION & PLAN

1.
- BARAPULLAH
CROSS-SECTION AT PIER LOCATION

1.
- BARAPULLAH
TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION
1.
- BARAPULLAH
STAY GEOMETRY
1.
- BARAPULLAH
HINGE BEAM
ACTIVE BEARING
DURING SAGGING
MOMENT
ACTIVE BEARING
DURING HOGGING
MOMENT
1.
- BARAPULLAH
ANALYTICAL MODEL OF EXTRADOSED BRIDGE
Solid Views
1.
- BARAPULLAH
BRIDGE LOADING
1.
- BARAPULLAH
Construction stage
1.
- BARAPULLAH
AT END OF CONSTRUCTION STAGE (INFINITY)
STRESS DIAGRAM-SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.
- BARAPULLAH
PRESTRESS PRIMARY EFFECT
BM DIAGRAM-SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.
- BARAPULLAH
AXIAL EFFECT DIAGRAM-SUPERSTRUCTURE

1.
- BARAPULLAH
1.
- BARAPULLAH
PRESTRESS SECONDARY EFFECT
BM DIAGRAM-SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.
- BARAPULLAH
AXIAL EFFECT DIAGRAM-SUPERSTRUCTURE

1.
- BARAPULLAH
1.
- BARAPULLAH
DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF PIER
BM ENVELOPE-SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.
- BARAPULLAH
DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF PIER
STRESS ENVELOPE-SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

Direction Of movement Of Trains
3.00 3.00 3.00 4.300 1.2 3.20 1.1 20.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.300 1.2 3.20 1.1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(MIN)
6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 11.4 11.4 2.7 2.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 11.4 11.4 2.7
Train No-1=18.8m Length Train No-2=18.8m Length
CLASS-A FORWARD-Two Trains
Direction Of movement Of Train
1.1 3.20 1.2 4.300 3.00 3.000 3.000 20.00 1.1 3.20 1.2 4.300 3.00 3.000 3.000
0 0 (MIN) 0 0
2. 2. 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 2. 2. 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
7 7 7 7
Train No-1= 18.8m Length Train No-2=18.8m Length
CLASS-A BACKWARD-Two Trains

1.
- BARAPULLAH

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96
30.00
(MIN)
17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 12.0 12.0 8.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 12.0 12.0
TrainNo-1=13.4 Length TrainNo-2=13.4m Length
CLASS-70R WHEEL FORWARD-Two trains

3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 30.00 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37
(MIN)
8.0 12.0 12.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 8.0 12.0 12.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
TrainNo-1=13.4m length TrainNo-2=13.4m length
CLASS-70R WHEEL BACKWARD-Two trains

1.
- BARAPULLAH
Direction Of movement Of Trains
70t 70t
4.57m 4.57m
30.0
Train No-1 (min) Train No-2
IRC:6-Class 70R Track

1.
- BARAPULLAH
THREE LANES OF CLASS-A (TRANSVERSAL PLACEMENT)

1.
- BARAPULLAH
ONE LANE OF 70R-WHEELED/TRACKED + ONE LANE OF CLASS-A

(TRANSVERSAL PLACEMENT)
1.
- BARAPULLAH
IMPACT FACTOR AND LANE FACTOR
APPROPRIATE IMPACT FACTOR TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

(AS PER CLAUSE 208 OF IRC:6-2014)
APPROPRIATE LANE FACTOR TO BE TAKEN ITO ACCOUNT

(AS PER CLAUSE 205 OF IRC:6-2014)
1.
- BARAPULLAH
POSITION OF VEHICLE-MOVING TRACER
MAX SAGGING MOMENT AT CENTER OF PENULTIMATE SPAN
CLOSE-UP VIEW
1.
- BARAPULLAH
POSITION OF VEHICLE-MOVING TRACER
MAX HOGGING MOMENT AT INTERIOR SUPPORT
CLOSE-UP VIEW
1.
- BARAPULLAH

1.
- BARAPULLAH

1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-BRAKING /TRACTIVE EFFECT

1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6:- FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD EFFECT

1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6:- FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD EFFECT

1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6:-GLOBAL TEMP FALL/RISE(Thermal Effect)

1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6:-GLOBAL TEMP FALL/RISE(Thermal Effect)

1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6:-DIFFERENTIAL TEMP GRADIENT FALL/RISE(Thermal Effect) ACROSS DEPTH OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.
- BARAPULLAH
PTI:-STAY SUPERSTRUCTURE DIFFERENTIAL TEMP ALL/RISE (Thermal Effect)

1.
- BARAPULLAH
PTI:-STAY SUPERSTRUCTURE DIFFERENTIAL TEMP ALL/RISE (Thermal Effect)

1.
- BARAPULLAH
PTI:-PYLON DIFFERENTIAL TEMP FALL/RISE GRADIENT (Thermal Effect)

1.
- BARAPULLAH
PTI:-PYLON DIFFERENTIAL TEMP FALL/RISE GRADIENT (Thermal Effect)

1.
- BARAPULLAH
THERMAL LOAD EFFECTS

1.
- BARAPULLAH
IRC-6 RARE LOAD COMBINATION (Service Condition)

(LIVE LOAD –LEADING WITH THERMAL LOAD ACCOMPANYING)
1.
- BARAPULLAH

(LIVE LOAD –LEADING WITH THERMAL LOAD ACCOMPANYING)
1.
- BARAPULLAH

THERNAL LOAD–LEADING WITH THERMAL LOAD ACCOMPANYING)
1.
- BARAPULLAH

(WIND LOAD –LEADING WITH THERMAL LOAD ACCOMPANYING)
1.
- BARAPULLAH
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
• Multi Model Response Spectrum Analysis

o Linear Analysis
o Response spectrum defines acceleration of structure relative to period of
oscillation
o Response spectrum as per IRC-6:-2014
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
• Multi Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
o Individual modes of vibration determined by Midas
• Period of oscillation
• Mass participation
o For each mode acceleration is determined from the response spectrum
• Force effects determined based on mass and acceleration
o Effects of all considered modes combined
• Method determined by standard
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Predominant Mode- Longitudinal (X-Direction)
Mode-2
(T=1.1 Sec)
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Predominant Mode- Vertical (Z-Direction)
Mode-5
(T=0.92 Sec)
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Predominant Mode- Transverse (Y-Direction)
Mode-14
(T=0.37 Sec)
1.
- BARAPULLAH
ACCIDENTAL CHECKS-SETRA
5. DESIGN EXAMPLE - BARAPULLAH EXTRADOSED BRIDGE
ACCIDENTAL CHECKS
LOSS OF STAY CABLES
1.5F
1.5F
1.
- BARAPULLAH
MULTIPLE STRESSING OF STAYS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• SIMULTANEOUS STRESSING OF STAYS ON EITHER SIDE OF PYLON (IF STRUCTURE IS

HAVING TWO PLANE OF STAYS , BOTH THE PLANES SHALL BE STRESSED
SIMULTANEOSLY).
• MINIMUM STRESS LEVEL IN STAY AT FIRST JACKING.
• MINIMUM ELONGATION OF STAY TO BE ACHIEVED AFTER EACH STRESSING OF STAY.
1.
- BARAPULLAH
EXTRADOSED STAYS
SERVICEABLE CHECK FOR STAYS
SETRA -
−0.25
∆𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝐹𝑠𝑙𝑠 ≪ 0.46 𝐹𝐺𝑈𝑇𝑆
140
JAPANESE
PTI
PTI = 0.45 Fpu

1.
- BARAPULLAH
EXTRADOSED STAYS
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK REQUIREMENT-SETRA
1.
- BARAPULLAH
EXTRADOSED STAYS
Stay Cable -ULS & SLS Check
0.800
0.75 U.T.S
0.700
0.600 0.60 U.T.S
0.500
U.T.S
0.400
SLS Stresses In Stay
ULS Stresses In Stay
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
Stay Cable
1.
- BARAPULLAH
CONSTRUCTION STAGE LOAD EFFECTS

DIFFERENTIAL DEAD LOAD (G)
1.
- BARAPULLAH

CONSTRUCTION LIVE LOAD (qca , qcb & Fcb)
1.
- BARAPULLAH

LIFTING GANTRY WT + COUNTER WT + RAIL WT. (Qcc)
1.
- BARAPULLAH

Accidental Release (Fa) Of Precast Segment
1.
- BARAPULLAH
TRANSVERSE MODEL OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

2D Model- For Superstructure- For DL , SIDL, FPLL, Pre-stressing Effects
1.
- BARAPULLAH

2D MODEL-Tendon Primary / Secondary Diagram
Tendon Primary
Tendon Secondary
1.
- BARAPULLAH

3D FEM MODEL- FOR LIVE LOAD EFFECTS
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SPAN FEM MODEL

3D FEM MODEL- STAY STRESSING EFFECT OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SEGMENT FEM MODEL

3D FEM MODEL - LIFTING OF SEGMENT
1.
- BARAPULLAH
FEM MODEL
3D FEM MODEL-SADDLE-Von-Mises Stresses
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SUPERSTRUCTURE STAY JUNCTION

DECK CABLE – WEB CABLE- STAY CABLES PROFILE-CLASHING
1.
- BARAPULLAH
SUPERSTRUCTURE STAY JUNCTION

CABLE STAY BLISTER
THANK YOU

Spanning Bridges Using Extradosed Cables Jatinder Singh Pahuja Tandon Consultant 1497558814

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Spanning Bridges Using Extradosed Cables Jatinder Singh Pahuja Tandon Consultant 1497558814

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MIDAS Elite

Jatinder Singh Pahuja

2. General Structural Considerations

First Extradosed Bridge

Girder Bridge About 15% for 1:40 1:15

Extradosed Bri 1:40 1:30

PIER SUPERSTRUCTURE CONNECTION

PYLON & PIER CONFIGURATION

• Single Plane Of Stay- Harp Shaped

• Single Plane Of Stay- Semi-Fan Shaped

• Double Plane Of Stays- Semi-Fan Shaped

• Double Plane Of Stays- Semi-Fan Shaped

• Greased or Wax Strands –Climatic Condition

• HDPE stay pipe shall consist of a co-extruded

Material Characteristics EURONORM EN 10337

• Should be able transfer unbalance force in stay on either side of pylon

• Minimal force transferred to pylon in case of accidental breakage of stay

• It should be compact in size

• It occurs due to contact between materials of comparable hardness subjected to

Single Tube Type Multi-Mono Tube Anchor Box Type

BARAPULLAH EXTRADOSED BRIDGE OVER RIVER YAMUNA, NEW DELHI

LONGITUDINAL ELEVATION & PLAN

CROSS-SECTION AT PIER LOCATION

ANALYTICAL MODEL OF EXTRADOSED BRIDGE

AT END OF CONSTRUCTION STAGE (INFINITY)

PRESTRESS PRIMARY EFFECT

PRESTRESS PRIMARY EFFECT

AXIAL EFFECT DIAGRAM-SUPERSTRUCTURE

PRESTRESS PRIMARY EFFECT

PRESTRESS SECONDARY EFFECT

PRESTRESS SECONDARY EFFECT

AXIAL EFFECT DIAGRAM-SUPERSTRUCTURE

PRESTRESS SECONDARY EFFECT

DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF PIER

DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF PIER

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

Train No-1=18.8m Length Train No-2=18.8m Length

CLASS-A FORWARD-Two Trains

Direction Of movement Of Train

CLASS-A BACKWARD-Two Trains

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

TrainNo-1=13.4 Length TrainNo-2=13.4m Length

CLASS-70R WHEEL FORWARD-Two trains

TrainNo-1=13.4m length TrainNo-2=13.4m length

CLASS-70R WHEEL BACKWARD-Two trains

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

Direction Of movement Of Trains

Train No-1 (min) Train No-2

IRC:6-Class 70R Track

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

THREE LANES OF CLASS-A (TRANSVERSAL PLACEMENT)

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

ONE LANE OF 70R-WHEELED/TRACKED + ONE LANE OF CLASS-A

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

IMPACT FACTOR AND LANE FACTOR

APPROPRIATE IMPACT FACTOR TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

APPROPRIATE LANE FACTOR TO BE TAKEN ITO ACCOUNT

POSITION OF VEHICLE-MOVING TRACER

MAX SAGGING MOMENT AT CENTER OF PENULTIMATE SPAN

POSITION OF VEHICLE-MOVING TRACER

MAX HOGGING MOMENT AT INTERIOR SUPPORT

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-VERTICAL LOAD EFFECT

IRC-6:-VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD-BRAKING /TRACTIVE EFFECT