thundi V SS Kawhik Engunung fauu

198P1 00 3 81tal sgnmard-1 snayis

HOT
CoRROSION- Can he clhliad as hu accalaralhe
idatan o matisinls hd nduciel by a n
dapot o Salt a alavae tingnalaasT ud
on the het Subbr as
alkal: ulatas aa lapaitad
by tho oudalion ot hauy matal centanunants like

vahadum in ha hual

*Tyru8-
DTya 1 ayuts om a tuwung preas uhwa meili
ombs
cauen o socum sulphat olapesit chamikbuy
inta wdalying mual i i
unofus to dh sulphur
pehetiua slmurt 2&
helues Jxalyh dapluton ot
progruine intinal atlack ocs
tu 1 het ceeNsh peelucs a
2) The nat preras

aHack hieh neuds a rersus aiack

choradiut o
aud Scalu
n u hu hano, a 2 hst cmeNn 9uguus saclun

Sulphat & Suhusnt sulphu tisuols ie mairtin los

malting cdposit, which uaelily was dhs snas
Many muchanums hau heah se{LBR h e t ceT en |
ha het CCteen (uecas n9%eCaacs in haa stages

An ncubal on tang chuing uch ha uadion eaud

tha ot heunal
o a ats miall Sunilar to
udaten
uuhich the conevsh j
accuwaa
7 nuatien stup cduung
stogt clusing whieh Srapicl ceovrosun
7Apsensgot'on
anl ult matu ilos ot a compnu
tas ans
| Supnalloy

nauwbatisn

anitiotion
Kauy
RBP10034
Paxepogation

Fle

Buun Rig Tt udreuhuminal malhees

Fona Tut

Taxmg avawmu i t
* Michanin Many Machah hawe baan roras

CsOKen, & all ob Jhon ueluas datuerlion

aoadioh baooin that u on alleys Jhn
donet 09 hst oud

Stong ob l
Staq

(rebaton Paisel) 2) (4don Stagu):

N+Sa Ni0+
+0 NiO
soL+O
2G+2OL > C,0
2A+ O Al0

3 Psopogalien stage O 0 + 20 2 NO
Al Oz t O - 2Al O
C6 +2o+%0, -> 2 O4
aNS02 2NO+hS

+Ni S
Kasik AP1OC1

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING Me THOD S IN

ENGnINEER ING FAILURE ANALYSIs

VI SUAL IN SPECTION: Vual insadien ha mo baMr

an wid wd mhed t h taminalion ob paoits
s d te olatdt Swaca abronaliti SuncatCan
ba
panlaud istually anyont anel Subidiut in nati

good ida do dauuleP slaned.crds w e use ad

auds

ide vaui o5
iual upaaion Jzpically wxel a

y Sumpls tool Such as

Lighd- nálral pueeawd, black Jigt , art}iial

light C5 50x)
Jansu stne
Gi Magnus eeps, tahl mwrokor

Cui) Moo l a t , cohur, oncau

Measisu mant claues 9uuu, tanus, calyN,mLeremalur

(v) Prehas - husqas bsusceNu
(vi Comaas widue cital, fln

c) Vial 4hdion applkaions uwd Jo

tass Can hi wd in thi mhael,
Hany
dudict whle aus Such a dlahomaion ualoling clufeau
nen le Jlscau& accuM

, wd un J y , audud
ar
and cwheion wner
ditodineA _daledy cua Gn uboct of molin.al
 19SPL0O39
Kash
NDT
%Laak Ting - Laak uting tha branch o
on
Jhal s Concanal uth ha c o t linuidh , Vacwn
Cemponus o syitums The thu met
gaps Pom alad
o u cenlnt
COmmen o phoaming, a Jaak t t
9aD

Jes, centaminalien ond. aliabildy

Thau c aod numhut ah laali oinag matheels

Bubbl ting
(9 Elnssenic gos dudion
Mo lous
4 Has Spdremao
( Pru dilwuntal J dacay
() Ubaeni Jaale cldider

4s padialasly uull suibl

Eddy Guovurt Ttig 8-
bil alse be w y 9te mah
Can
mahL
datdig Sustoca Cracks
ceating Jhickus
maoomss
Onol
aucueo cencluliuuty
wh can he obtaiel inutonlorseusy
Ho a sn 0sthl

Apphid on
(D Grack datition
(2 Tube&Wlou oin
(3 Condouo ibl inpualion

(4 welel Josting
(5) Coatin JHuckrus maoaumart
190PL00 337 Kawh
Ulrasonie tuuting (UT) <ompines a hange n o n
debulire sting (NDT) chniguu that nd ultuamic
Alut o malbial. TheAe high
wave thvugh an
nmatoualy
ora an1mittzol nto
Aound wawy
ugency
thoactwuse the m bua fer lau detacting.
o uwalves
applicaluonyUe
shot reule
Mbst UT inupeetien
l -15 MHE, although
uganciss hanging m
wth tmumen
can be Uuec. Be
upto 5o Mt
uanie u t r a s o n i c Thickrad
ultrasonic Thickrud
mhed u
thi u t
aPplicatien tor thikruu ot
ascoütaiun t
ued e
meoawment, wheh
piperrtk. torosin,
as
whon UmeAtng
Auch
on objedt

Why u it Usued?
ulbaronic ting
duuudtive uing method,
Asa nDn-
taus And daeca withut
idoal ot dotuctinq Bubd.
Bttd. Peirdi
Pourd
w a l i l beingmail
sl
the eljedt
dannaging
alve be ued to chuk ot
can
urasonic
mupeeiony
huy
taws, and h u
knbum
nbuwn btaus, And
eion et fetousth o
pot, Dmpnent
taailuna s a
petntially puent
induJrie
Aet. T wed in a wtde stang e
Pei
& manufaitku
induelm9 avipoa, aulsmeture, matallwigy
 Kauk 198PIO 12,
Applicatinu
hos varuety a applitatims
UIaec
OIavenic taating a

th nligty oh
a

AcB indutuy, incuding liling

ncuda loting s
malbua e tompenent. Thi cn

diunlinuitie
ik hvu a n u y
welds te chbnine
tan e peyoumud tn both feoeu
pHentThiu lesting
uikor
maloualu a s well as to
hon-tevubu
Cund
ae
eachalte pom one aide
Ihee that
Ancluny and unr doeets
tnelets
ctting
alse capalte
only.
only UT s net de
e
am
a em
em eee
ell a
asj
uhich
whidh may met
nd ploann laus
nadiegraphie
sting
utth
adily hna h i n tha
wthin ha
e U T uncuda anol
Applicatiu meclical
tailL,
AonAbudim,
autDmbtiue,

e
AiMpea
i pr
acae,,

indusbuis
el and gu