AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH

Faculty of Engineering
Laboratory Report Cover Sheet

Students must complete all details except the faculty use part.

Please submit all reports to your subject supervisor or the office of the concerned faculty.

Laboratory Title: Study of different components and their functions of an Air Circuit Breaker
(ACB)
Experiment Number: s Subject Code: Subject Name: power system protection

Section: A
Course Instructor: Anas abdullah alvi Degree Program: EEE

Declaration and Statement of Authorship:

1. I/we hold a copy of this report, which can be produced if the original is lost/ damaged.
2. This report is my/our original work and no part of it has been copied from any other student’s work or from
any other source except where due acknowledgement is made.
3. No part of this report has been written for me/us by any other person except where such collaboration has been
authorized by the lecturer/teacher concerned and is clearly acknowledged in the report.
I/we understand that
7. Plagiarism is the presentation of the work, idea or creation of another person as though it is your own. It is a
form of cheating and is a very serious academic offence that may lead to expulsion from the University.
Plagiarized material can be drawn from, and presented in, written, graphic and visual form, including electronic
data, and oral presentations. Plagiarism occurs when the origin of the material used is not appropriately cited.
8. Enabling plagiarism is the act of assisting or allowing another person to plagiarize or to copy your work

Group Number (if applicable): 07 Individual Submission Group Submission

No. Student Name Student Number Student Signature Date

Submitted by:
1 Abdullah al jabed 18-37055-1 2/12/21
Group Members:
Ishika ahmed
2 moon 17-35492-3
T.M ehasanul
3 haque 17-33196-1
Rahmatul sakib
4 dion 18-38071-2
 5

For faculty use only:

Total Marks: _______ Marks Obtained: _______

Faculty comments___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Title: Study of different components and their functions of an Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)

Objective : Our main objective of this experiment to know about air circuit breaker
Fuses & Miniature circuit breakers which are used for power system protection.
Theory and methodology:
In the ACB under discussion the over current relays and their corresponding CTs in three
lines are built inside the ACB. The under voltage relay coils are also built inside the ACB.
There is a spring charging motor in the ACB. When the motor is supplied from a single phase
230 V, the motor is started and the contact of the ACB are closed keeping the spring fully
charged and latched. When there is any over current in all the phases or in any of the phases,
the built in over current relay closes its trip circuit and the trip coil unlatch the fully charged
spring, then the contacts are opened by the mechanical energy charged in the spring. The arc
is extinguished in the medium of normal atmospheric air.
If the voltage in any of the three phases or in all three phases, supplied to the load through the
ACB, are reduced below a preset level, the under voltage relay will be picked up and closes
the trip circuit; consequently the trip coil will unlatch the fully charged spring and the
contacts will be opened.
The closed contacts of the ACB can be manually opened by pushing the OFF button, which
closes the trip circuit, then trip coil is energized and unlatch the spring to open the contacts.
insulator must have considerable mechanical strength as well as the necessary electrical
insulating properties
Fast operations, suitability for repeated operation, auto reclosure, unit type multi break
constructions, simple assembly, modest maintenance are some of the main features of air
blast circuit breakers. A compressors plant necessary to maintain high air pressure in the air
receiver. The air blast circuit breakers are especially suitable for railways and arc furnaces,
where the breaker operates repeatedly. Air blast circuit breakers is used for interconnected
lines and important lines where rapid operation is desired.
High pressure air at a pressure between 20 to 30 kg/ cm2 stored in the air reservoir. Air is
taken from the compressed air system. Three hollow insulator columns are mounted on the
reservoir with valves at their basis. The double arc extinguished chambers are mounted on the
top of the hollow insulator chambers. The current carrying parts connect the three arc
extinction chambers to each other in series and the pole to the neighbouring equipment. Since
there exists a very high voltage between the conductor and the air reservoir, the entire arc
extinction chambers assembly is mounted on insulators.
Since there are three double arc extinction poles in series, there are six breaks per pole. Each
arc extinction chamber consists of one twin fixed contact. There are two moving contacts.
The moving can move axially so as to open or close. Its position open or close depends on air
pressure and spring pressure.
The operating mechanism operates the rod when it gets a pneumatic or electrical signal. The
valves open so as to send the high pressure air in the hollow of the insulator. The high
pressure air rapidly enters the double arc extinction chamber. As the air enters into the arc
extinction the pressure on the moving contacts becomes more than spring pressure and
contacts open.

Fuses:
Fuse: Fuse is the simplest and cheapest current interrupting device for protection of the
electrical devices from excessive currents. So it can be used for overload and /or short circuit
protection.
Semi-enclosed or Re-wire able Fuse: These types of fuses are used for the protection of
appliances at 0.4 KV voltage level and usually called cut-out. The Fuse carrier can be pulled out
and the blown out fuse element can be replaced.
Totally Enclosed or cartridge Fuse: The Fuse Element (the conductor which melts) is enclosed in
a totally enclosed container and is provided with metal contact on both side.
Drop out Fuse: A fuse link in which the fuse carrier drop out after melting the fuse wire thereby
providing isolation between the terminals. This type of fuse is normally used in 11 KV side of a
11/0.4 KV distribution transformer.
HRC (High Rupturing capacity) cartridge Fuse: A cartridge fuse link having breaking capacity
higher then certain specified value (e.g. above the 16 KA for medium voltage.

Lightning Arrestor: The main function of a Lightning arrestor is to divert any surge over voltage
caused by lightning to the ground, so that equipment or devices behind the arrestor are saved
from insulation failure and eventually short circuit fault.
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB): A circuit Breaker (CB) is an automatically operated electrical
switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and by interrupting continuity, to immediately
discontinue the high current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be
replaced, a CB can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. CBs
are made in varying sizes, from small devices to large switchgears. MCBs are used to protect
electrical appliances in LV system. MCBs use the medium air alone to extinguish the arc, which
is produced during high current interruption. Larger units will have metal plates or non-metallic
arc chutes to divide and cool the arc. Magnetic blow out coils deflect the arc into arc chute.
Air circuit breaker air circuit breaker construction
Discussion & Conclusion: We got the idea about all the Insulators, Fuses & MCB. In the lab, we
observed all the equipment & got the information about their working principle. We also got
idea low voltage insulators, fuses & high voltage insulators fuses. All the equipment photos is
attached & some explanation is given in this report.
The goal of this experiment is familiarized with ACB r, Fuses & Miniature
Circuit Breaker was fulfilled.
References:
1. https://circuitglobe.com/pin-insulator.html
2. https://www.electrotechnik.net/2011/02/shackle-insulators.html/
3. https://www.electrical4u.com/types-of-electrical-insulator-overhead-insulator/
4. https://www.electronicshub.org/fuses-types-fuses/
5. https://www.all-round-supplies.com.au/products/30-overhead-switch-andisolation/257-
drop-out-fuses
6. https://circuitglobe.com/lightning-arrester.html
7. https://www.electronicsforu.com/resources/learn-electronics/miniature-circuit-boardmcb