Simplifying and Verifying Trigonometric Expressions

Simplify each of the following to an expression involving a single trig function with no fractions.
sec ( t )
1.) csc(t ) tan (t ) 2.) cos(t ) csc (t ) 3.)
csc ( t )

sec(θ ) cot ( t ) 1 − sin 2 ( t )

4.) 5.) 6.)
tan (θ ) csc ( t ) sin 2 ( t )

sin 2 (t ) + cos2 (t ) sec ( t ) − cos ( t )

7.) 2
8.) 9.) sin x ( tan x + cot x )
cos (t ) sin ( t )

10.) (1+ sin α ) (1− sin α )

Verify the identities. Manipulate the left side to equal the right side.
sin 2 (θ ) 1 + cot(α )
11.) = 1 − cos (θ ) 12.) = sin(α ) + cos(α )
1 + cos (θ ) csc(α )

cos 2 (θ ) 1 + tan 2 (b )
13.) = 1 − sin (θ ) 14.) 2
= csc2 (b)
1 + sin (θ ) tan (b )

15.) cos ( x ) ( sec ( x ) + csc ( x )) = 1+ cot ( x ) 16.)

(1 + cos ( A)) (1 − cos ( A)) = sin
( A)
sin ( A)

sin 4 (γ ) − cos 4 (γ ) 1− sin ( t ) 1

17.) = sin (γ ) + cos (γ ) 18.) + = 2sec 2 ( t )
sin (γ ) − cos (γ ) cos ( t ) 1− sin ( t )
2

2 2 sec2 x − tan 2 x + tan x

19.) ( cos x − sin x ) + ( cos x + sin x ) = 2 20.) = sin x + cos x
sec x
Selected Answers:
! !"# ! !
1.) csc 𝑡 tan 𝑡 = !"# ! ∙ !"# ! = !"# ! = sec  (𝑡)

!
!"# ! !"# ! !"# !
3.) !"! !
= ! = !"# ! = tan  (𝑡)
!"# !

!"#! ! !!"#! (!) !

7.) !"#! (!)
= !"#! !
= sec ! (𝑡)

sin x cos x sin 2 x cos x sin 2 x + cos 2 x

9.) sin x ( tan x + cot x ) = sin x ⋅ + sin x ⋅ = + = = sec x
cos x sin x cos x 1 cos x

!"#! ! !!!"#! !
11.) !!!"#(!)
= !!!"# !
by the Pythagorean identity sin! 𝜃 + cos ! 𝜃 = 1
(!!!"# ! )(!!!"# ! )
= !!!"#(!)
by factoring

= 1 − cos 𝜃 by reducing

!"#! (!)!!"#! (!) (!"#! (!)!!"#! ! ) (!"#! (!)!!"#! ! )

17.) !"# ! !!"#(!)
= !"# ! !!"#(!)
by factoring
!∙ !"# ! !!"# ! !"# ! !!"# !
= !"# ! !!"#(!)
by applying the Pythagorean identity, and factoring

= sin 𝛾 + cos 𝛾 by reducing

1− sin ( t ) 1
+ = 2sec 2 ( t )
cos 2 ( t ) 1− sin ( t )
1− sin ( t ) 1 ⎛ 1+ sin ( t ) ⎞
+ ⋅⎜
cos ( t ) 1− sin ( t ) ⎝ 1+ sin ( t ) ⎟⎠
2

18.)
1− sin ( t ) 1+ sin ( t )
+
cos 2 ( t ) 1− sin 2 ( t )
1− sin ( t ) 1+ sin ( t )
+
cos 2 ( t ) cos 2 ( t )
2
cos 2 ( t )
2sec 2 ( t )