SEQUENCES AND SERIES

GRADE 10 FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS | A.Y. ’21-’22

BIG IDEA

Mathematics can be used as a

tool to analyze, represent and
model real-life situations.
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
LESSON 6 | SEQUENCES AND SERIES
ANCHOR TASK (PORTFOLIO ENTRY)

CHAIN TEXT MESSAGING

Chain text messages operate the same way as
chain letters. One such chain text requires the
recipient to send the message to three other
people within the hour.

Time 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM

Number of Text Recipients 1 3 9 27

a. How many people will receive the message at 11 AM? 3PM?

b. What did you notice about the sequence?
c. How did you get the number of people that received the
message at exactly 3PM?
INITIAL EXERCISE
Complete the sequences below
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

The geometric sequence is a sequence where each term after the first term is
obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a non zero constant called the
common ratio (r) .

The nth term of a geometric sequence

 
EXERCISE:
EXERCISE:
Determine the common ratio and complete the sequences
below
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS

Recent estimates, based on data from satellite

observations, report 775 million hectares of rain forest
remaining. The average annual rate of deforestation in the
world is 0.77%. How many million hectares of rain forest
will be lost in the next decade?
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS

Population projections are an important aspect of

governmental planning. In 1990 the population of Canada
was 26.6 million. The population in 2025 is projected to be
38.4 million. If this projection were based on a geometric
sequence, what would the annual growth rate be?
Use of Geometric Sequence Formulas
FINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES
LESSON 7 | SEQUENCES AND SERIES
ANCHOR TASK (PORTFOLIO ENTRY)

CHAIN TEXT MESSAGING

Suppose you send a text message to 3 friends at
7:00 AM, and then each of them pass the text
message to 3 new people within the hour and so
on. The number of people receiving the message
every hour forms a geometric sequence.

Time 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM

Number of Text Recipients 1 3 9 27

a. How many people will have received the message at 10 AM?

by 1 PM? by 7 PM?
b. How did you get your answers?
INITIAL EXERCISE
Determine whether the following sequences are arithmetic or geometric, if it
is arithmetic, state the common difference. If its is geometric, state the
common ratio.
GEOMETRIC SERIES

The sum of the terms of a geometric sequence is

called a geometric series.

FINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES

If the last term of a geometric series is defined, then

the partial sum is given by:
 
EXERCISE:
Determine the sum of the first 8 terms of the following
geometric sequences.

a.) 2, 12, 72, 432, … c.) −1, 5, −25, 125, …

b.) −2, 6, −18, 54, −162 , … d.) −2, −12, −72, −432, −2592, …
SEAT WORK
Evaluate each geometric series described.

a.) 1 + 2 + 4 + 8..., n = 6
b.) 2 − 10 + 50 − 250..., n = 8
c.) 1 − 4 + 16 − 64..., n = 9
d.) −2 − 6 − 18 − 54..., n = 9
e.) 1 − 5 + 25 − 125..., n = 7
f.) −3 − 6 − 12 − 24..., n = 9
SEAT WORK
Determine the number of terms n in each geometric series.

a.) T1 = −2, r = 5, Sn = −62

b.) T1 = 3, r = −3, Sn = −60
c.) T1 = −3, r = 4, Sn = −4095
d.) T1 = −3, r = −2, Sn = 63
e.) −4 + 16 − 64 + 256..., Sn = 52428
EXERCISE:

The 1560 members of the Great Pumpkin Society have a method

of quickly notifying members. The president and treasurer each
contact three members (round 1), each of whom contact three
more members (round 2), each of whom contacts three more
members (round 3), etc. How many rounds of contacts are
needed before everyone in the organization is notified?
EXERCISE:

You have won contest sponsored by a local radio station. If you are
given the choice of the two payment plans listed below, which plan will
pay you more? How much more?
A) $1 on the first day, $2 on the second day, $3 on the third day, etc.,
for two weeks.
B) $0.01 on the first day, $0.02 on the second day, $0.04 on the third
day, etc. for two weeks.
Finite Geometric Series
INFINITE GEOMETRIC
SERIES
LESSON 8 | SEQUENCES AND SERIES
ANCHOR TASK (PORTFOLIO ENTRY)

BE HEALTHY!
Once a week Mrs. Baker makes sugar
cookies. The first week she makes the
recipe, she uses the full 2 cups of sugar
called for. Each week after that, she
reduces the amount of sugar by one
third.
(a) How much sugar does she use for the cookies on the fifth week?
(b) How much sugar does she use for cookies over half a year?
(c) If Mrs. Baker became immortal and baked cookies every week for all
eternity, how much sugar would she use?
INITIAL EXERCISE
Determine the finite sum of the following geometric sequence.

1.) 5 + 10 + 20 + 40 +… (10 terms)

2.) -3 + 6 - 12 +24 - … (11 terms)
3.) 72 + 24 + 8 +… (12 terms)
4.) 216 - 72 + 24 - 8 +… (13 terms)
5.) 100 + 50 + 25 + … (14 terms)
GEOMETRIC SERIES

The sum of the terms of a geometric sequence is

called a geometric series.

INFINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES

The sum of the infinite geometric series is given by:

 
EXERCISE:
Determine if the following sequences converges. If it
does, find the sum.

a.) 432, 72, 12, 2, … c.) −1, 5, −25, 125, …

b.) -162, 54, -18, … d.) 30, -15, 7.5, …

OBSERVE:
Given the sequence below:

128, 64, 32, 16, …

What is the sum of the first 10 terms?

What is the sum of the first 15 terms?

What is the sum of the first 20 terms?

What is the sum of the infinite sequence?

OBSERVE:
Given the sequence below:

128, 64, 32, 16, …

What have you noticed about the sum?

How do the sums relate to each other?

EXERCISE:

A ball is thrown 12 meters in the air (so that the initial

up-and-down distance is 24 meters). The ball rebounds
95% of the distance it falls. What is the total vertical
distance travelled by the ball before it stops bouncing?
EXERCISE:

A pendulum swings at an arc which measures 24cm and swings

back and forth 10% shorter than it does before the other swing,
how far does the pendulum travel before it comes to rest?
Infinite Geometric Series
Homework: Answer the following in Moodle.

Unit 1 - Week 3 - Moodle Forum

Unit 1 - Week 3 - Moodle Quiz