I.

Read the text below:

Developed countries and their economies are very dependent on oil and natural gas.
Unfortunately, oil and natural gas are 'nonrenewable fossil fuels.' They're considered
nonrenewable because, once they are burned, they cannot be replaced during our lifetime, due to
the fact that they take millions of years to form. This has led many scientists to ask the question,
'Just how much oil and natural gas remains for us to use?'
As it turns out, there's a lot of differing opinions as to how much oil and natural gas can
be produced in the future. To get a better idea of the availability of these energy sources, we need
to consider how much remains in the ground, and how much of these existing reserves can
actually be extracted without overly disturbing the environment or costing too much money.
Petroleum geologists are geologists who specialize in the exploration and production of
oil and natural gas. It is the petroleum geologist's job to evaluate areas where oil and natural gas
might be found. If they find an oil deposit that can be economically recovered using existing
technologies, it is said to be a proved reserve, or a 'proven reserve.' While there is some debate, it
is estimated that at present, proved reserves of oil could meet demand for the next few decades,
if the rate of consumption stays the same.
There is also thought to be more oil and natural gas reserves that have yet to be
discovered. However, these reserves may be in more difficult areas to access and therefore
harder to extract. To tackle the problem of hard-to-extract oil and natural gas deposits, petroleum
geologists are continually developing new technologies to squeeze more fuel from existing
reserves and reach previously inaccessible fields.
Oil and natural gas is extracted from rock deep within the earth using a drilling method.
Traditionally, this involves an oil rig, which is a structure with equipment used for drilling oil
and gas. If the oil is found at sea, as opposed to under land, an 'offshore oil rig' is used in a
similar fashion. With many of the easily accessible oil reserves already depleted, oil extraction
has become more creative, thanks to new advances in extraction technologies. These advances in
technology have increased the ability of oil companies to extract oil and natural gas from
previously inaccessible locations, and also squeeze more oil out of existing reserves.

A. Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F): (0.6x5=3p.)

1. Oil and natural gas are finite resources. (T)

2. Petroleum geologists deal with the exploration of oil and natural gas.(T)
3. Petroleum geologists look for proved reserves.(T)
4. Proved reserves can hardly be extracted.(F)
5. Oil rigs are used for oil extraction.(T)

B. Make 3 questions based on the text. (1x3=3p.)

1. What exactly do economically developed countries
depend on?
2. What is the task of an oil geologist?
3.What is the method of extracting oil and natural
gas?
 3. What are oil geologists developing to reach
previously inaccessible fields?
II. In your opinion, will the electric sector kill the oil industry? Give reasons for
your answers. (150-200 words) (3p.)
In my opinion, the electricity sector will kill the oil industry, because
it is making the rapid transition to electric cars and the construction of
wind farms is growing.

First of all, the automotive industry is among the largest consumers

of fuel, so due to environmental pollution there is a transition to
renewable energy, such as electricity. The best alternative at present
for the automotive industry is the implementation of electric motors,
thus losing a major source of financing and interest for the oil
industry. I believe that soon all car manufacturers will make this
transition, because it is more reliable, and much more
environmentally friendly, on the one hand I enjoy this aspect, but on
the other hand I can not be a little selfish not to think that I am
studying the oil industry and that my career could be endangered.

Secondly, the fields with wind farms are expanding more and more,
this aspect has direct repercussions on the oil industry, because
there can be a lot of gas in oil drilling, and the most profitable way to
capitalize on it is to put it in generators and transform it into
electricity, with the appearance of these wind farms facilitates the
production of electricity and also intervenes the environmental factor,
pollution 0.

I believe that these wind farms, which can be located both on land
and at sea, are gaining more and more ground in the face of gas
processing in wells, although electricity is a green energy that could
end the careers of oil industry engineers in the future. decades. In
conclusion, I can say that in the end the oil industry will declare itself
defeated in front of the electricity one, both for economic reasons
and in terms of resources, as we know from the text above the oil
industry has limited resources.