Subject: Physics

Grade: 11
Teacher’s name: Mr. Sultan
Phase number: 1
Subject: Chapter 4 (Sections reviews + Practices + Chapter review + STP) Solutions

Practice A, P. 124
1. Each diagram should include all forces acting on the object, pointing in the correct directions and with the lengths roughly
proportional to the magnitudes of the forces. Be sure each vector is labeled.

2. Diagrams should include a downward gravitational force and an upward force of the desk on the book; both vectors should have
the same length and should be labeled.

Section 1 Review
1. Answers will vary.

2. gravity and electric force, Examples can vary depending on your own imagination; because they can cause a change in motion

3. the newton; 1 N = 1 kg•1 m/s2

4. because force has both magnitude and direction

5. Fg points down, and Fkicker points in the direction of the kick.

6. Each arrow should have a label identifying the object exerting the force and the object acted on by the force.

Practice B, P. 128

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 Section 2 review
1. zero

2. -3674 N

4. the same magnitude as the net force in item 3 but in the opposite direction

5. No, either no force or two or more forces are required for equilibrium.

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 Practice C, P. 132

Section 3 review

2. The reaction force acts on the child, not on the wagon itself, so there is still a net force on the wagon.

3. a. person pushes on ground; ground pushes on person

b. snowball exerts force on back; back exerts force on snowball
c. ball exerts force on glove; glove exerts force on ball
d. wind exerts force on window; window exerts force on wind

5. Each impact force has the same magnitude. The sports car experiences the larger acceleration because it has a smaller mass,
and acceleration is inversely proportional to mass.

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 Practice D, P. 139

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 Practice E, P. 141

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 Section 4 review

1. a. An arrow labeled Fg should point down, and an arrow labeled Fair should point opposite the direction of motion. The arrow
Fg should be longer than the arrow Fair.
b. Fg points down, Fn points up, Fapplied is horizontal, and Ffriction points in the opposite direction. The two vertical arrows are
equal in length, as are the two horizontal arrows.

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5. no; Once at equilibrium, the velocity will not increase, so the force of air resistance will not increase.

Chapter 4 review
1. yes; The object could move at a constant velocity.

2. no, just that the net force equals zero

3. no; It has a net force downward (gravitational force).

4. mass

5. The ball moves toward the back of the truck because inertia keeps it in place relative to the ground.

6. a. the inertia of the crate

b. It could continue forward by inertia and hit the cab.

7. Fg (8.9 N) and Fapplied (2.1 N) point downward, and Fn (11.0 N) points upward.

8. Fapplied (185 N) points forward, Fg (155 N) points downward, and Fn (155 N) points upward. The diagram may also include
Ffriction backward.

9. a. Fg points down, and FR points up.

b. Frotors points up, and Fg points down.
c. Fg points down, Ftrack points in the direction of motion, and Fn points up.

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13. because Earth has a very large mass

14. An object with greater mass requires a larger force for a given acceleration.

15. One-sixth of the force needed to lift an object on Earth is needed on the moon.

16. on the horse: the force of the cart, Fg down, Fn up, a reaction force of the ground on the hooves; on the cart: the force of the
horse, Fg down, Fn up, kinetic friction

17. push it gently; With a smaller force, the astronaut will experience a smaller reaction force.

18. As the climber exerts a force downward, the rope supplies a reaction force that is directed upward. When this reaction force is
greater than the climber’s weight, the climber accelerates upward.

19. a. zero
b. zero

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 23. Mass is the inertial property of matter. Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object. Weight is equal to mass times
the free-fall acceleration.

25. a. Fg points down, and Fn points up.

b. Fg points down, and Fn points up perpendicular to the surface of the ramp.
c. same as (b)
d. same as (b)

27. The normal force decreases. The force of static friction increases to counteract the component of the weight along the figure.

28. 𝑭𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙

30. 0 N; The forces exerted by each star cancel.

31. a. the weight of the ball and an equal reaction force of the ball on Earth; the force of the person’s hand on the ball and an equal
reaction force of the ball on the hand
b. Fg; the force of the ball on Earth

32. Pushing down on the book increases the normal force and therefore also increases the friction.

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33. The rock will accelerate until the magnitude of the resistive force equals the net downward force on the rock. (This downward
force is the rock’s weight minus the buoyant force of the water.) Then the speed of the rock will be constant.

34. As the sky diver’s speed increases, the acceleration decreases because the resistive force increases with increasing speed; zero

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 Forces and the laws of motion, Standardized Test Prep
1. C
2. G
3. Answer is ©, and as follows

4. G
5. Answer is (A) and as follows

6. Answer is (G) and as follows (Apply Newton’s second law to find an expression for the acceleration of the truck.
m a = Ff = µk Fn = µk m g
a = µk g
Because the acceleration of the truck does not depend on the mass of the truck, the stopping distance will be Δx
regardless of the mass of the truck.)

7. Answer is (A), and as follows

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8. F

9. D

13. at rest, moves to the left, hits back wall

14. moves to the right (with velocity v), at rest, neither

15. moves to the right, moves to the right, hits front wall.

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