Department of Education

Region III
DIVISION OF MABALACAT CITY

Name: __________________________________ Grade/Track/Strand: ___________

School: ____________________________________________ Date: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

General Chemistry 2 (Q4 - Lessons 7 and 8)
Electrochemical Reactions

I. Introduction

In this modern age, the practical use of redox reactions can be found in
portable batteries. Have you ever wondered what disposable batteries are made of?
They are made up of electrochemical cells. An electrochemical cell is a device that
produces an electric current from the energy released by a spontaneous redox
reaction. This electron transition allows chemical energy to be converted to electrical
energy or vice versa. Electrochemistry is the science of the interaction between
electricity and chemical reactions. In this learning activity sheet, we will explore more
about electrochemical reactions and their applications.

II. Learning Competencies

➢ Identify the reaction occurring in the different parts of the cell.

(STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-172)
➢ Define reduction potential, oxidation potential, and cell potential.
(STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-176)
➢ Calculate the standard cell potential. (STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-178)
➢ Explain the electrode reactions during electrolysis.
(STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-182)
➢ Describe the reactions in some commercial electrolytic processes.
(STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-183)

III. Objectives
After going through this Learning Activity Sheets, you are expected to:
1. describe the electrochemical cells and their reactions;
2. identify the reduction potential, oxidation potential, and cell potential;
3. draw a cell diagram showing the different parts of an electrochemical cell;
4. calculate the standard cell potential; and
5. relate the importance of electrochemical reactions in commercial
electrolytic processes.

1
IV. Discussion
Electrochemical Cells

An electrochemical cell is a system that uses energy released by a spontaneous

redox reaction to generate an electric current. The galvanic, or voltaic, cell, named
after Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, is an example of this type of cell. In the
late 18th century, these physicists experimented with chemical reactions and electric
current. There are two types of electrochemical cells: galvanic, also called Voltaic,
and electrolytic. Galvanic cells obtain their energy from spontaneous redox
reactions. In contrast, electrolytic cells use non-spontaneous reactions and use an
external electron source such as a
DC battery or an AC power source.
Typical examples of galvanic cells
or non-rechargeable batteries are
the AA and AAA batteries, while
rechargeable batteries in
cellphones and tablets are
examples of electrolytic cells. Both
have electrodes consisting of anode
and electrode. Anode is the
electrode where oxidation takes
place, and cathode is the electrode
that undergoes reduction. Any
sufficiently conductive material,
such as metals, semiconductors,
graphite, and even conductive
polymers, may be used to create
electrodes. Source: www.courses.lumenlearning.com

Electrons always flow from the anode to

the cathode or from the oxidation half-cell
to the reduction half-cell. In terms of Eocell
of the half-reactions, the electrons will
flow from the more negative half-reaction
to the more positive half-reaction. A cell
diagram is a representation of an
electrochemical cell. When drawing a cell
diagram, we follow the following
conventions. The anode is always placed Source: www.chem.libretext.org

on the left side, and the cathode is placed

on the right side. The salt bridge is
represented by double vertical lines (||). The difference in the phase of an element is
represented by a single vertical line (|), while changes in oxidation states are
represented by commas (,). The given equation below illustrates the cell diagram:

2
 Source: www.chem.libretext.org

Cell Potential

The standard cell potential (Eocell) is the difference between the two electrodes,
which forms the cell's voltage. To find the difference of the two half cells, the following
equation is used:

Source: www.chem.libretexts.org
Where:
● EoCell is the standard cell potential (under 1M, 1 Barr and 298 K).
● EoRed, Cathode is the standard reduction potential for the reduction half-
reaction occurring at the cathode
● EoRed, Anode is the standard reduction potential for the oxidation half-
reaction occurring at the anode

The example will be using the picture of the Copper and Silver cell diagram. The
oxidation half-cell of the redox equation is:

Source: www.chem.libretexts.org

We have negated the reduction potential EoRed= 0.340 V, which is the quantity we
found from a list of standard reduction potentials, to find the oxidation potential
EoOx. The reduction half-cell is:

Source: www.chem.libretexts.org

We have multiplied the reduction chemical equation by two to balance the electron
count, but we have not doubled EoRed since Eo values are given in units of voltage.
Voltage is energy per charge, not energy per reaction, so it does not need to account
for the number of reactions required to produce or consume the quantity of charge
you are using to balance the equation.

The chemical equations can be summed to find:

Source: www.chem.libretexts.org

3
and simplified to find the overall reaction:

Source: www.chem.libretexts.org

where the potentials of the half-cell reactions can be summed.

Source: www.chem.libretexts.org

Standard Reduction Potentials of Half Reactions

Source: www.chem.libretexts.org

Electrolysis

Electrolysis uses electrical energy to induce a chemical reaction, which then takes
place in an electrolytic cell. It is commercially important as a stage in the process of
separating elements from naturally occurring sources. In chemistry and
manufacturing, there are variety of uses:

● extraction of metals from their ores

● refining certain metals such as copper and zinc
● manufacture of chlorine
● oxygen produced in submarines
● electroplating (copper plating, silver plating, etc.)

4
V. Activities

Activity 1
Label the diagram below by choosing the words from the word pool.

4. _________

1.
_________

2. _________ 3. _________

5. _________

Anode Electrolyte Solution Wire

Cathode Salt Bridge

Activity # 2
Complete the analogy below.

1. Galvanic cells: ________ source; Electrolytic cells: ________ source

2. Anode: ________ reaction; Cathode: ___________ reaction
3. AAA Batteries: ________ cells; DC Batteries: ________ cells
4. Anode: ________ side; Cathode: ________ side
5. Salt bridge: ________line; Phase of an element: ________ line

5
Activity # 3
Draw a cell diagram identifying the parts of an electrochemical cell using the following
equation below.

1. Cu2+ (aq) + Ba (s) → Cu (s) + Ba2+ (aq)

2. 2Al(s)+ 3Sn2 +(aq) → 2Al3+(aq) + 3Sn(s)

VI. Assessment

Part I: True or false. Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is incorrect. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.

_________1. An electrochemical cell is a device that allows chemical energy to be

converted to electrical energy or vice versa.

_________2. Electrons always flow from the cathode to the anode or from the oxidation
half-cell to the reduction half-cell.

_________3. Electrolysis is an electrochemical reaction stage in the process of

separating elements from naturally occurring sources

_________4. In terms of Eocell of the half-reactions, the electrons will flow from the
more positive half-reaction to the more negative half-reaction.

_________5. Any sufficiently conductive material may be used to create electrodes.

6
Part II: Multiple Choice. Read the following statements and encircle the letter of
the correct answer.

1. Which of the following electrochemical cells is not spontaneous?

A. electrolytic cell C. both A and B
B. galvanic cell D. None of the above

2. Which among the following elements can most easily be oxidized?

A. Calcium C. Iron
B. Copper D. Zinc

3. What type of reactions are involved in voltaic cells?

A. non-spontaneous, non- redox reactions
B. non-spontaneous, redox reactions
C. spontaneous, non - redox reactions
D. spontaneous, redox reactions

4. Which of the following is not a similarity between voltaic and electrolytic cells?
A. charges on anode and cathode are the same
B. electrons flow from anode to cathode
C. oxidation occurs at anode
D. reduction occurs at cathode

5. If the cell potential is negative, the reaction is __________.

A. not spontaneous C. successful
B. spontaneous D. none of the above

6. What is the cell potential of a spontaneous reaction?

A. negative C. positive
B. one D. zero

7. Which ion can be most easily reduced?

A. Calcium +2 C. Iron +2
B. Copper +2 D. Zinc +2

8. In the electrolysis of water, hydrogen gas is produced at the __________.

A. anode C. salt bridge
B. cathode D. wire

9. What does electrolysis of water produce?

A. acids and bases C. hydrogen and oxygen gas
B. hydrogen gas D. oxygen gas only

7
10. A galvanic cell was set up using the Cu2+/Cu and Fe3+/Fe2+ half-cells. The
standard reduction potentials for these half-cells are:
Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- → Cu(s); E0 = 0.34 V
Fe3+ (aq) + e- → Fe2+ (aq); E0 = 0.77 V
The oxidizing and reducing agents in this galvanic cell are, respectively:
A. Cu2+; Fe2+ C. Fe2+; Cu
B. Cu2+; Fe3+ D. Fe3+; Cu

For numbers 11-15. Calculate the cell potential of the following

11. Zn / Zn2+ // Pb2+ / Pb

A. - 0.89 V C. 0.63 V
B. - 0.63 V D. 0.89 V

12. 3Mg + 2Al3+ → 2Al + 3Mg2+

A. - 0.71 V C. 0.71 V
B. - 0.53 V D. 0.53 V

13. Ni + 2Fe3+ → Ni2+ + 2Fe2+

A. - 1.02 V C. 0.19 V
B. - 0.285 V D. 1.02 V

14. Zn(s) + 2H + (aq) → Zn2+ (aq)+ H2(g)

A. - 0.82 V C. 0.76 V
B. - 0.76 V D. 0.82 V

15. H2(g) + Cu2+(aq) → 2H+ (aq) + Cu(s)

C. - 0.48 V C. 0.34 V
D. - 0.34 V D. 0.56 V

VII. Reflection

Write an essay that consists of 8-10 sentences answering the given question:
“What are the importance of electrochemical reactions, especially in modern
technology?”

Criteria
Presentation of Ideas 5 points
Content 5 points
Evidence-Based 5 points
TOTAL 15 points

8
VIII. References

Applications of Redox Reactions. BC Campus 2020. Retrieved from

https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/applications-of-redox-reactions-
voltaic-cells-2/

Electrochemical cells. Lumen Learning 2020. Retrieved from:

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/electrochemical-cells/

Electrochemistry. Github 2020. Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_general-

chemistry-principles-patterns-and-applications-v1.0/s23-electrochemistry.html

Electrochemical Reactions. Bordner Research 2020. Retrieved from

https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch20/electro.php

Electrochemistry. Khan Academy 2021. Retrieved from: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-

prep/mcat/physical-processes/intro-electrochemistry-mcat/a/electrochemistry

Voltaic cells. Chemistry Libre Text 2020. Retrieved from:

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Module
s_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Electrochemistry/Voltaic_Cells#:~:text=Anode%3A%20Th
e%20anode%20is%20where,the%20reduction%20reaction%20takes%20place.

9
 10
Part I Activity 1
Reflection 1. True 1. Salt Bridge
2. False
Answers may vary 3. True 2. Anode
4. False
3. Cathode
5. True
4. Wire
Part II
1.A 5. Electrolyte Solution
2.A Activity 2
3.D
4.A 1. spontaneous redox; external
5.A electron
6.C
7.B 2. oxidation; reduction
8.B 3. galvanic; electrolytic
9.C
10.D 4. left; right
11.A
12. C Activity 3
13. D Ba2+(aq) | Ba(s) || Cu(s) |
14. C Cu2+(aq)
15. C
Al(s) | Al3+(aq) || Sn2+(aq) | Sn(s)
Activity 1
IX. Answer Key
X. Development Team

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Marjorie B. Cudal
Editor: Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Reviewers: Ala M. Elagio, Nicole Ann P. Tiongco, Jeffrey R. Yumang
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ericson Sabacan, EdD CESO V
Leandro C. Canlas, PhD, CESE
Elizabeth O. Latorilla, PhD
Sonny N. De Guzman, EdD
Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Elizabeth C. Miguel, EdD

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Mabalacat

P. Burgos St., Poblacion, Mabalacat City, Pampanga

Telefax: (045) 331-8143

E-mail Address: mabalacatcity@deped.gov.ph

11