Project Proposal

Digital Logic Design

Submitted To
Sir Ammar Yasir
Submitted By
(1) Fahad Rasool
FA20-BSE-008
(2) Usama Bilal
FA20-BSE-048
(3) Mudassar Sattar
FA20-BSE-034
(4) Nisar Younas
FA20-BSE-050

Project
Digital Stopwatch

COMSATS University Islamabad,

Vehari Campus
 DLD Final Project
Digital Stopwatch
Introduction:
The stopwatch we are going to design is in “MM:SS” (Minutes:Seconds) format, the
maximum time duration it can measure is 99:59 next count will be reset “00:00”. We
are going to use common cathode 7 segment display for good legibility and also it
looks attractive. To drive the 7 segment displays we are utilizing IC 4026 which is a
decade counter made for 7 segment displays. A single IC 4026 will count from 0 to 9,
we have to cascade several ICs to count more digits.

Components Required:
• NE555 IC
• CD1407 IC
• CD4026 IC
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Switches
• 9V Battery
• Breadboard/Copper Board
• Connecting Wires
• 7-Segment LED

NE555 IC Overview:
In this project we are using the IC 555 in
Astable multivibrator mode to generate
clock signal, its state is always changing.
In mono-stable mode the IC 555 stays
in a fixed state, it changes its state for
brief period when an external pulse is
applied, after the brief period of time it
settles back to the same fixed state.
In bi-stable mode the IC 555 stays in a fixed state forever, it changes its state only
when an external pulse is applied and it stays in that state for ever until the next pulse
is applied.
GND Pin
Pin-1 is a GND pin which is used to supply a zero voltage to the IC.
Trigger Pin
Pin-2 is a trigger pin which is used to convert the FF from set to RST (reset). The
output of the timer depends on the amplitude of the external trigger pulse that is
applied to the trigger pin.
Output Pin
Pin-3 is an output pin.
Reset Pin
Pin-4 is an RST pin. When the negative pulse is applied to this pin to disable or reset,
and false triggering can be neglected by connecting to VCC.
Control Voltage Pin
Pin-5 is the control voltage pin used to control the pulse width of the output waveform
and also the levels of threshold and trigger. When an external voltage is applied to this
pin, then the output waveform will be modulated
Threshold Pin
Pin-6 is the threshold pin, when the voltage is applied to threshold pin, then it contrasts
with a reference voltage. The set state of the FF can be depending on the amplitude
of this pin.
Discharge Pin
Pin-7 is the discharge pin, when the output of the open collector discharges a capacitor
between the intervals, then it toggles the output from high to low.
Supply Terminal
Pin-8 is the voltage supply pin which is used to supply the voltage to the IC with respect
to the ground terminal.
CD1407 IC Overview
The CD4017 is a CMOS Decade counter IC. CD4017 is used for low range counting
applications. It can count from 0 to 10 (the
decade count).
Output pins of CD4017
• Pins 1 to 7 and 9 to 11 are outputs
pins.
• These pins changes to ‘high’ level one
by one (one after another) in a
sequence. For each clock signal each
pin goes high in a sequence.
Enable pin/Clock Inhibit (Pin 13)
• Enable pin enables the CD4017 IC.IC
is enabled when the pin is active low.
• In order to disable or switch off the IC,
this pin should be connected to active
high input. When this pin is active high,
it ignores the clock signals.
Clock pin (pin 14)
• Clock signal provided to 14th is responsible for sequential output.
• When the first clock pulse is detected pin 3 goes, for next clock pulse pin2 goes
high, like this sequence is formed.
• The important thing to remember is, if we don’t connect any clock signal to this
input pin, it must be connected to either positive or negative voltage supply.
• It is not left unconnected as per the CMOS input standard rules.
• The clock input pin (pin number 14) responds only to the positive voltage signal
or positive clock
Reset pin (Pin 15)
• Reset pin resets the output of the sequence. That is the current state of the
output sequence is set to initial state.
• Reset pin should be connected to ground in order to reset the circuit.
Ground pin & supply pin (Pin 8 & Pin 16)
• Pin number 8 acts as ground and it must be connected to negative supply
voltage & pin number 16 is the supply pin for CD4017 and it is connected to
positive voltage supply.
Carry out pin(pin12)
• The pin 12 is supplied with the CARRY OUT signal. It completes one full cycle
for every 10 clock cycles. This is used to ‘ripple’ the IC, which means to delay
in counting operations.

CD4026 IC Overview
CLOCK Pin
• Clock pulse is responsible for the
counting. When it is HIGH, counter starts
counting. CLOCK signal is applied
through 555 timer or other IC’s.
CLK Inhibit Pin
• Clock inhibit input enables clock pin.
When it is LOW or connected with the
ground of the circuit, it enables Clock pin.
When it is HIGH, the clock pulse is
inhibited.
• Enable Input When it is HIGH, it enables
the output pins. When it is LOW, the
outputs are forced to be LOW regardless
of the state of counter.
Enable Output Pin
• This pin is always High and is used for
cascading multiple IC’s.
Divide by10 Pin
• Output It is a Carry-Out Output pin. After counting up to 9, it produces a
pulse signal. It is used in cascading to clock the succeeding decade.
Output Pin
 • These seven pins are decoded outputs which are connected to the seven-
segment display to represent the decimal digits.
Ground Pin
• This pin is connected to the ground of circuit
Ungated C segment Pin
• Ungated C segment output pin is only used for some dividing functions. It is
HIGH by default and will set to LOW when the counter reaches 2.
Reset Pin
• When reset pin is HIGH, it clears the counter value to zero.
Vcc Pin
• Voltage supply is connected to this pin

Working Principle
The display block uses 4 common cathode 7 segment for displaying the seconds and
minutes of the count. Use a 9v battery to power this block. Switch “ON/OFF” used to
turn the counter ON or OFF. Use switch START/STOP to start and stop counting of
Stopwatch.

Four IC 4026 (Decade counter with decoder which converts counter values to 7
segment outputs) was used to drive each of the 7 segment displays. The 1Hz clock
from oscillator is fed into CLK pin of U1. With each incoming pulse in to the CLK pin
of this IC ,the counter increments by one which in turn gets decoded and displays the
value in 7 segment accordingly. When the count reaches the maximum value of 9 a
high signal was sent out through the pin 5 CO(Carry Out) of U1. This will the clock
input to the next IC U2. So thus, when U1 segment counts up to 9 CO signal will sent
out to U2. Then it starts displaying the value 1 in its segment.

The segment associated with U2 will count up to 9 before returning to 0. But to stay
within the limit of 60 seconds we need to stop U2 before it hits 6 mark. So here comes
along another IC 4017 (Johnson counter increments count values from Q0 to Q9 with
each incoming input pulse) which is used to reset the IC U2 before it hits the 6 mark
in its segment. To do so we have connected the Q6 pin to Reset pin (MR) of U2 and
Reset pin of U5 itself. The clock from U1 was used by both U2 and U5 in order to keep
the count similar for providing correct reset point. When the count in U2 and U5
reaches from 0 to 6 the Q6 pin in U5 goes high resetting itself and U2. Thus, this sets
the boundary of 60 seconds for our stopwatch.

The output from Q6 acts as clock source for the IC U3. So, when 60 seconds count
gets elapsed the minute segment associated with U3 increments to 1. When this U3
counts up to 9 the CO pin goes high which feeds clock to the chip U4. This is similar
to the way U1 fed clock to U2. Then U4 starts counting from 1 with every clock input
from CO of U3 and can count up to 9. Thus, U3 and U4 segment combined can count
up to 99. Therefore, this DIY stopwatch has a count limitation of 99 minutes after it
starts counting again from 0 minutes.